Critical Needs for Research in Veterinary Science (2005)
Chapter: Appendix D Bioterrorism Agents
Appendix D
Bioterrorism Agents
Bacterial and Viral Threat Agents Associated with Animals
Category A Diseases and Agents | Zoonotic |
Foot-and-mouth disease (Picorna aphthovirus) | No |
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) | Yes |
Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin) | No |
Plague (Yersinia pestis) | Yes |
Smallpox (Variola major) | No |
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) | Yes |
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Machupo viruses) | No |
Category B Diseases and Agents | Zoonotic |
Brucellosis (Brucella spp.) | Yes |
Epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens | No |
Food safety threats (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella) | Yes |
Glanders (Burkholderia mallei) | Yes |
Melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei) | Yes |
Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci) | Yes |
Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) | Yes |
Ricin toxin | No |
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B | No |
Typhus fever (Rikettsia prowazekii) | No |
Viral encephalitis (VEE, EEE, and WEE viruses) | Yes |
Water threats (Vibrio cholerae, Cryptosporidium parvum) | Yes |
SOURCE: NRC 2002a, 2003a. | |
High-Consequence Livestock Pathogens and Toxins
USDA-Only Agents and Toxinsa | USDA-HHS Overlap Agents and Toxinsb |
African horse sickness virus | Bacillus anthracis |
African swine fever virus | Botulinum neurotoxin |
Akabane virus | Botulinum neurotoxin-producing species of Clostridium |
Avian influenza virus (highly pathogenic) | Brucella abortus |
Bluetongue virus (exotic) | Brucella melitensis |
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent | Brucella suis |
Camel pox virus | Burkholderia mallei |
Classical swine fever virus | Burkolderia pseudonallei |
Cowdria ruminantium (Heartwater) | Clostridium botulinum |
Foot-and-mouth disease virus | Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin |
Goat pox virus | Coccidioides immitis |
Japanese encephalitis virus | Coxiella burnetii |
Lumpy skin disease virus | Eastern equine encephalitis virus |
Malignant catarrhal fever virus (exotic) | Franscisella tulanrensis |
Menangle virus | Hendra virus |
Mycoplasma capricolum/M.38/ | Nipah virus |
M.mycoides capri (contagious caprine—pleuropneumonia) |
|
Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides (contagious bovine pleuropneumonia) | Rift Valley fever virus |
Newcastle disease virus (VVND) | Shigatoxin |
Peste des petits ruminants virus | Staphylococcus enterotoxins |
Rinderpest virus | T-2 toxin |
Sheep pox virus | Venezulan equine encephalitis virus |
Swine vesicular disease virus |
|
Vesicular stomatitis virus (exotic) |
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aSelect agents and toxins that are only the USDA list of high-consequence livestock pathogens and toxins. bSelect agents and toxins that are on the USDA list of high-consequence livestock pathogens and toxins and on the HHS list of select agents and toxins. SOURCE: USDA-APHIS | |
