Critical Needs for Research in Veterinary Science (2005)
Chapter: Appendix D Bioterrorism Agents
Appendix D
Bioterrorism Agents
Bacterial and Viral Threat Agents Associated with Animals
|
Category A Diseases and Agents |
Zoonotic |
|
Foot-and-mouth disease (Picorna aphthovirus) |
No |
|
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) |
Yes |
|
Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin) |
No |
|
Plague (Yersinia pestis) |
Yes |
|
Smallpox (Variola major) |
No |
|
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) |
Yes |
|
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Machupo viruses) |
No |
|
Category B Diseases and Agents |
Zoonotic |
|
Brucellosis (Brucella spp.) |
Yes |
|
Epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens |
No |
|
Food safety threats (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella) |
Yes |
|
Glanders (Burkholderia mallei) |
Yes |
|
Melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei) |
Yes |
|
Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci) |
Yes |
|
Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) |
Yes |
|
Ricin toxin |
No |
|
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B |
No |
|
Typhus fever (Rikettsia prowazekii) |
No |
|
Viral encephalitis (VEE, EEE, and WEE viruses) |
Yes |
|
Water threats (Vibrio cholerae, Cryptosporidium parvum) |
Yes |
|
SOURCE: NRC 2002a, 2003a. |
|
High-Consequence Livestock Pathogens and Toxins
|
USDA-Only Agents and Toxinsa |
USDA-HHS Overlap Agents and Toxinsb |
|
African horse sickness virus |
Bacillus anthracis |
|
African swine fever virus |
Botulinum neurotoxin |
|
Akabane virus |
Botulinum neurotoxin-producing species of Clostridium |
|
Avian influenza virus (highly pathogenic) |
Brucella abortus |
|
Bluetongue virus (exotic) |
Brucella melitensis |
|
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent |
Brucella suis |
|
Camel pox virus |
Burkholderia mallei |
|
Classical swine fever virus |
Burkolderia pseudonallei |
|
Cowdria ruminantium (Heartwater) |
Clostridium botulinum |
|
Foot-and-mouth disease virus |
Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin |
|
Goat pox virus |
Coccidioides immitis |
|
Japanese encephalitis virus |
Coxiella burnetii |
|
Lumpy skin disease virus |
Eastern equine encephalitis virus |
|
Malignant catarrhal fever virus (exotic) |
Franscisella tulanrensis |
|
Menangle virus |
Hendra virus |
|
Mycoplasma capricolum/M.38/ |
Nipah virus |
|
M.mycoides capri (contagious caprine—pleuropneumonia) |
|
|
Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides (contagious bovine pleuropneumonia) |
Rift Valley fever virus |
|
Newcastle disease virus (VVND) |
Shigatoxin |
|
Peste des petits ruminants virus |
Staphylococcus enterotoxins |
|
Rinderpest virus |
T-2 toxin |
|
Sheep pox virus |
Venezulan equine encephalitis virus |
|
Swine vesicular disease virus |
|
|
Vesicular stomatitis virus (exotic) |
|
|
aSelect agents and toxins that are only the USDA list of high-consequence livestock pathogens and toxins. bSelect agents and toxins that are on the USDA list of high-consequence livestock pathogens and toxins and on the HHS list of select agents and toxins. SOURCE: USDA-APHIS |
|
