U.S.-Iran Engagement in Science, Engineering, and Health (2000-2009): Opportunities, Constraints, and Impacts (2010)
Chapter: Appendix H: Selected Statistics: Human Development, Research, and Communications in Iran
Appendix H
Selected Statistics: Human Development, Research, and Communications in Iran
Human Development
|
Adult Literacy Rate (1995-2005) |
82.4 % |
|
Youth Literacy Rate (1995-2005) age 15-24 |
97.4 % |
|
Population Undernourished (2002-2004) |
4.0 % |
|
Population Using Improved Water Sources (2002-2004) |
94.0 % |
|
Public Expenditure on Education (2002-2005), % of GDP |
4.7 % |
|
Public Expenditure on Education (2002-2005), % of budget |
22.8 % |
|
Public Expenditure on Health (2004) % of GDP |
3.2 % |
|
Electrification Rate |
97.0 % |
|
Unemployment (1996-2005) |
11.5 % |
|
Employment in industry (30%), agriculture (25%), services (45%) |
|
SOURCE: U.N.D.P. Human Development Report, 2007/2008
Research
R&D at Universities
Research Centers Associated with Universities: 165
Public Universities that Conduct Research: 53
Private Universities that Conduct Research: 23
R&D at Government Facilities
National Research Centers of Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology: 29
Research Centers of Ministry of Health and Medical Education: 99
Research Centers of Other Ministries: 69
R&D at Business Enterprises
R&D Units in Industry: 925
Private Research Centers: 113
SOURCE: Vice Minister Mansour Kabganian, Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology, “Science and Research Policies and Some Related Action Programmes for Sustainable Development of Iran,” Dr. M. Tavakol, Editor, Regional Forum on Science and Technology Policy for Sustainable Development, 21-23 January 2006, Tehran, Iranian National Commission for UNESCO, Tehran, 2006.
Communications
Telephone Lines
International: submarine fiber optic cable to UAE with connection to Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); fiber optic line from Azerbaijan through Iran to Turkmenistan with expansion to Georgia and Azerbaijan; HF, radio, and microwave radio relay to Turkey, Azerbaijan, Pakistan. Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Syria, Kuwait, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; 13 satellite earth stations (2007)
Domestic: 25 million lines (2008)
Telephones
24.8 million main line and 43 million mobile cellular
Radio Broadcast Stations
72 AM, 6 FM, and 5 shortwave (1998)
Television Broadcast Stations
29 plus 450 repeaters (1997)
Internet
Hosts: 5.3 million (2006)
Users: 23 million (2008)
SOURCE: World Fact Book 2010: http://cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html
