Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action (2013)
Chapter: Front Matter
Emerging Workforce Trends
in the
U.S. Energy and Mining Industries
A CALL TO ACTION
Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries
Committee on Earth Resources
Board on Earth Sciences and Resources
Division on Earth and Life Studies
In Collaboration with
Board on Higher Education and Workforce
Policy and Global Affairs Division
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by the DE-PI0000010, TO# 13/DE-DT0002115 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Energy. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations contained in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Energy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. government. Additional support for final printing of this report was kindly provided by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists and the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
COMMITTEE ON EMERGING WORKFORCE TRENDS IN THE U.S.
ENERGY AND MINING INDUSTRIES
ELAINE T. CULLEN (Co-Chair), Safety Solutions International, Chattaroy, Washington
CHARLES FAIRHURST (Co-Chair), Itasca Consulting Group, Minneapolis, Minnesota
KATHLEEN A. ALFANO, College of the Canyons, Santa Clarita, California
BURT A. BARNOW, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
SALLY M. BENSON, Stanford University, California
EMILY STOVER DEROCCO, E3, Washington, D,C,
LEIGH FREEMAN, Downing Teal Inc., Denver, Colorado
JOHN A. PAPPAS, Texas A&M University, College Station
ROY RADNER, New York University, New York
JOEL L. RENNER, Geothermal Consultant, Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota
STERLING RIDEOUT, JR, U.S. Department of Interior, Washington, D.C.
KENNETH C. ROGERS, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Retired), Rockville, Maryland
REGINALD SPILLER, Azimuth LLC, Houston, Texas
JERRY VENTRE, Photovoltaic Systems Engineering Consultant, Oviedo, Florida
National Research Council Staff
CY BUTNER, Study Director
ELIZABETH A. EIDE, Director of the Board on Earth Sciences and Resources
GAIL GREENFIELD, Senior Program Officer
NICHOLAS D. ROGERS, Financial and Research Associate
COURTNEY R. GIBBS, Program Associate
JASON R. ORTEGO, Research Associate (until June 2012)
CHANDA T. IJAMES, Senior Program Assistant (until August 2013)
COMMITTEE ON EARTH RESOURCES*
CLAYTON R. NICHOLS (Chair), Department of Energy, Idaho Operations Office (Retired), Ocean Park, Washington
JAMES A. BRIERLEY, Brierley Consultancy LLC, Highlands Ranch, Colorado
THURE CERLING, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
ELAINE T. CULLEN, Safety Solutions International, Chattaroy, Washington
DONALD JUCKETT, American Association of Petroleum Geologists (Retired), Springfield, Virginia
ANN S. MAEST, Stratus Consulting, Inc, Boulder, Colorado
LELAND L. MINK, U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Program (Retired), Worley, Idaho
MARY M. POULTON, University of Arizona, Tucson
ARTHUR W. RAY, City of Rockville, Maryland
RICHARD J. SWEIGARD, University of Kentucky, Lexington
National Research Council Staff
ELIZABETH A. EIDE, Director
NICHOLAS D. ROGERS, Financial and Research Associate
ERIC EDKIN, Senior Program Assistant
*Membership at time of report release
BOARD ON EARTH SCIENCES AND RESOURCES*
CORALE L. BRIERLEY (Chair), Brierley Consultancy LLC, Denver, Colorado
WILLIAM L. GRAF, University of South Carolina, Columbia
MURRAY W. HITZMAN, Colorado School of Mines, Golden
EDWARD KAVAZANJIAN, JR, Arizona State University, Tempe
DAVID R. MAIDMENT, University of Texas, Austin
ROBERT MCMASTER, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
M. MEGHAN MILLER, UNAVCO, Inc., Boulder, Colorado
ISABEL P. MONTAÑEZ, University of California, Davis
CLAUDIA INÉS MORA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
BRIJ M. MOUDGIL, University of Florida, Gainesville
CLAYTON R. NICHOLS, Idaho Operations Office (Retired), Ocean Park, Washington
HENRY N. POLLACK, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
DAVID T. SANDWELL, University of California, San Diego
PETER M. SHEARER, University of California, San Diego
REGINAL SPILLER, Azimuth Investments, LLC, Houston, Texas
National Research Council Staff
ELIZABETH A. EIDE, Director
ANNE M. LINN, Senior Program Officer
SAMMANTHA L. MAGSINO, Senior Program Officer
MARK D. LANGE, Program Officer
NICHOLAS D. ROGERS, Financial and Research Associate
COURTNEY R. GIBBS, Program Associate
ERIC J. EDKIN, Senior Program Assistant
CHANDA T. IJAMES, Senior Program Assistant
*Membership at time of report release
BOARD ON HIGHER EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE*
WILLIAM E. KIRWAN (Chair), University System of Maryland, Adelphi
F. KING ALEXANDER, California State University, Long Beach
SUSAN K. AVERY, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
CARLOS CASTILLO-CHAVEZ, Arizona State University, Tempe
RITA COLWELL, University of Maryland, College Park, and the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
PETER EWELL, National Center for Higher Education Management Systems, Boulder, Colorado
SYLVIA HURTADO, University of California, Los Angeles
WILLIAM KELLEY, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Wayne
EARL LEWIS, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
PAULA STEPHAN, Georgia State University, Atlanta
National Research Council Staff
PETER H. HENDERSON, Director, Board on Higher Education and Workforce
GAIL GREENFIELD, Senior Program Officer
SABRINA E. HALL, Program Associate
*Membership at time of report release
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Acknowledgments
In conducting this study, the committee relied not only on its own expertise, but it also drew upon input from a range of recognized professionals with extensive expertise in the energy, mining, education, and related areas covered in this study. Some of these individuals made presentations to the committee, some participated in discussions with committee members and staff, and some provided valuable reference information and data in various forms. Together, all of these inputs provided a rich resource base for the committee’s consideration. The committee wishes to extend its gratitude to all of the individuals who provided assistance for this study. The committee further wishes to acknowledge the following individuals in particular for their valuable assistance.
The committee wishes to thank the following individuals for their presentations during open sessions at the committee meetings: Steven Seachman (National Energy Technology Laboratory); Allyson Anderson (Professional Staff, U.S. Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee); Kathy Benedetto (Legislative Staff, Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, House Committee on Natural Resources); Christopher Keane (American Geosciences Institute); John Tombari (Schlumberger Carbon Services); Karl Gawell and Dan Jennejohn (Geothermal Energy Association); Mary Poulton (University of Arizona); John Craynon and Michael Karmis (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University); David Curtiss (American Association of Petroleum Geologists); Andrew Swift (Texas Wind Energy Institute, Texas Tech University); Elizabeth McAndrew-Benavides and Carol Berrigan (Nuclear Energy Institute); Samantha Jacoby (formerly with the Solar Energy Industries Association); Ellen Kabat-Lensch (Advanced Technology Environmental and Energy Center, Bettendorf, Iowa); Doug Ratcliff and Jon Olson (University of Texas at Austin); John Galiotos
(Houston Community College, Northeast College, Energy Institute); Al Escher (Schlumberger Business Consulting); Ron Ness (North Dakota Petroleum Council, Inc.); Susan Howes (Chevron and Society of Petroleum Engineers Talent Council); Marshall Schott (University of Houston, Greater Houston Partnership’s Energy Collaborative Workforce Committee); Brian McPherson (University of Utah); Anthony Carnevale (Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce); David Holt (Consumer Energy Alliance); Dennis McDonaugh (Alamo Colleges, St. Philip’s College); Dixie Sommers (Bureau of Labor Statistics); Martin Scaglione (ACT); Suzanne Tegen, Barry Friedman, and Steven Hauser (National Renewable Energy Laboratory); Peter McKenny (Gonzaga University); Dennis Ray (University of Wisconsin-Madison); Clifford Brandon (Automated Systems Alliance Inc.); and Stephen Enders (Colorado School of Mines). These presenters were also helpful in providing additional information and assistance to the committee.
The committee also extends its thanks to the following representatives from federal government agencies for their participation in an open discussion meeting with the committee: Mary Cummings (National Nuclear Security Administration); Jeff Duncan (Mine Safety and Health Administration); Thomas Galassi (Occupational Safety and Health Administration); John Howard (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health); Robert LaBelle (Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement); Brenda Pierce (U.S. Geological Survey); and Tim Spisak and Steven Wells (Bureau of Land Management). In addition, the committee thanks the following Department of Energy staff members for discussing workforce issues with selected members of the study committee and staff: Guido DeHoratiis, Natenna Dobson, and Shannon Gipson (Office of Fossil Energy); and Serena McIlwain (Office of the Chief Human Capital Officer).
In addition, the following representatives from a range of professional societies and industry associations also provided valuable assistance and information to the committee, for which the committee is grateful: Dave Kanagy and John Hayden (Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration); Hal Quinn, Bruce Watzman, and Leslie Coleman (National Mining Association); Joy Wilson (National Stone, Sand and Gravel Association); Mark Ellis and Darrell Smith (Industrial Minerals Association – North America); Patrick Leahy (American Geosciences Institute); Leila Gonzales (formerly with the American Geosciences Institute); Kevin McCray (National Ground Water Association); and Ann Randazzo (Center for Energy Workforce Development). The committee also thanks Marilyn Suiter (National Science Foundation) for her assistance.
The committee wishes to offer special thanks to the following individuals for their valued assistance: Raymond Durante (Raymond Durante Associates) for providing a variety of information to the committee; and Donald Juckett for his sage advice and guidance throughout the study and for his service as a liaison with the Committee on Earth Resources.
This report has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their
diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of the independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report:
R. Lyndon Arscott [NAE] International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (Retired), Danville, California
Alicia Carriquiry, Iowa State University, Ames
Michael Corradini [NAE], University of Wisconsin-Madison
James Dooley, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, Maryland
Charles Goodman, Southern Company (retired), Birmingham, Alabama
Stephen A. Holditch [NAE], Texas A&M University, College Station
Ellen Kabat-Lensch, Eastern Iowa Community College District, Davenport
Marc LeVier, K. Marc LeVier & Associates, Highlands Ranch, Colorado
Andrea Luecke, The Solar Foundation, Washington, D.C.
Syd. S. Peng [NAE], West Virginia University, Morgantown
Susan Petty, Altarock Energy, Inc., Seattle, Washington
Mary Poulton, University of Arizona, Tucson
Raja V. Ramani [NAE], Pennsylvania State University
Andrew Swift, Texas Wind Energy Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Roderick J. Little, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and Lawrence T. Papay, PQR, LLC, La Jolla, California. Appointed by the National Research Council, they was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
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Contents
What Is Included in the Report and What Is Not
Shared Recommendations for Chapter 2
Carbon Dioxide Capture, Use, and Storage
Shared Recommendations for Chapter 3
Workforce and Training Required to Implement Grid Extensions and Improvements and for the Smart Grid
6 SAFETY AND HEALTH IN EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES
Conclusions and Recommendations
7 EDUCATING AND TRAINING THE ENERGY AND MINING WORKFORCE
Introduction: On Our Present Course, Demand Will Outstrip Supply
Building the Pipeline: Academic and Workforce Preparation Begin in K-12
Bridge from Secondary to Postsecondary and First Two Years of Higher Education
Issues and Challenges Relating to Success
Conclusions and Recommendations
Recommendations to Meet Future Labor Requests
Overarching findings and recommendations
A. Overview of Federal Data Sources Most Relevant to the Energy and Mining Workforce
B. Overview of Energy and Mining Workforce Using Federal Data Sources
C. Data on the Energy and Mining Workforce from Federal Data Sources
E. Committee and Staff Biographical Sketches
* Appendixes A-E are available online at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18250
