| AA/$ | Aircraft Availability divided by cost |
| AFGLSC | Air Force Global Logistics Support Center |
| AFLCMC | Air Force Life Cycle Management Center |
| AFRL | Air Force Research Laboratory |
| AFSAB | Air Force Scientific Advisory Board |
| AFSC | Air Force Sustainment Center |
| ALC | Air Logistics Center |
| ARL | Army Research Laboratory |
| ARMS | Advanced Reconfigurable Manufacturing for Semiconductors (program) (DMEA) |
| AS | Aerospace Standard |
| ASAALT | Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics and Technology |
| ASIC | application-specific integrated circuit |
| ATSP3 | Advanced Technology Support Program III |
| AVCOM | Advanced Component Obsolescence Management (system) |
| CADAM | Computer Augmented Design and Manufacturing |
| CAD/CAM | computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing |
| CAT | computer-aided tomography |
| CDRH | Center for Devices and Radiological Health (FDA) |
| CLS | Contractor Logistics Support |
| COTS | commercial off-the-shelf |
| CRA | collaborative research alliance |
| DARPA | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency |
| DLA | Defense Logistics Agency |
| DMEA | Defense Microelectronics Activity |
| DMMI | Standing Committee on Defense Materials, Manufacturing, and Infrastructure |
| DMSMS | Diminishing Manufacturing Sources and Materiel Shortages (program) |
| DOD | Department of Defense |
| EU | REACh European Union Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemical Substances (regulations) |
| FAA | Federal Aviation Administration |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| FDASIA | Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act of 2012 |
| FOUO | for official use only |
| FPGA | field-programmable gate array |
| GAO | Government Accountability Office |
| IC | integrated circuit |
| ICME | integrated computational materials engineering |
| IDA | Institute for Defense Analyses |
| IP | intellectual property |
| IRIS | Integrity and Reliability of Integrated Circuits (DARPA program) |
| IT | information technology |
| MEDE | Materials in Extreme Dynamic Environments (Army program) |
| MGI | Materials Genome Initiative |
| MICAP | mission impaired capability awaiting parts |
| MRAP | Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (vehicle) |
| MRL | Manufacturing Readiness Level |
| MSME | Multiscale Modeling of Electronic Materials (Army program) |
| NDE/I | nondestructive evaluation/inspection |
| NMMB | National Materials and Manufacturing Board |
| NRC | National Research Council |
| NSF | National Science Foundation |
| O&M | operations and maintenance |
| OEM | original equipment manufacturer |
| OSD | Office of the Secretary of Defense |
| PEO | Program Executive Office, program executive officer |
| R&D | research and development |
| RDT&E | research, development, test, and evaluation |
| S2T2 | Sector by Sector, Tier by Tier (DOD program) |
| S&T | science and technology |
| SDW | Shared Data Warehouse |
| TRL | Technology Readiness Level |
| TRUST | Trust in Integrated Circuits (DARPA program) |