Appendix E
Acronyms and Initialisms
| ABoVE |
Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment |
| AEM |
Airborne Electromagnetic |
| AirMOSS |
Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface |
| AIRS |
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder |
| AIRSAR |
Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar |
| AirSWOT |
Air Surface Water and Ocean Topography |
| ALOS-2 |
Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 |
| ALT |
Active Layer Thickness |
| AMSR |
Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer |
| ASCAT |
Advanced Scatterometer |
| ASTER |
Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer |
| ATLAS |
Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System |
| AVHRR |
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer |
| AVIRIS |
Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer |
| CALM |
Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring |
| CASI |
Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager |
| CIR |
Color Infrared |
| CoReH2O |
Cold Regions Hydrology |
| CrIS |
Cross-track Infrared Sounder |
| DEM |
Digital Elevation Model |
| DOE |
U.S. Department of Energy |
| DOI |
U.S. Department of the Interior |
| DUE |
Data User Element |
| ECV |
Essential Climate Variable |
| EM |
Electromagnetic Spectrum |
| ENVISAT |
Environmental Satellite |
| EO-1 |
Earth Observing 1 |
| ESA |
European Space Agency |
| EU |
European Union |
| FLEX |
Fluorescence Explorer |
| GCOM-C |
Global Change Observation Mission (Climate) |
| GCOM-W |
Global Change Observation Mission (Water) |
| GCOS |
Global Climate Observing System |
| GIS |
Geographic Information System |
| GOES |
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite |
| GOSAT |
Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite |
| GPM |
Global Precipitation Measurement |
| GPR |
Ground-Penetrating Radar |
| GRACE |
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment |
| GRACE-FO |
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment-Follow-On |
| HRV |
High-Resolution Visible |
| HyspIRI |
Hyperspectral Infrared Imager |
| IEM |
Integrated Ecosystem Model |
| IGOS |
Integrated Global Observing Strategy |
| InSAR |
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar |
| IR |
Infrared |
| JAXA |
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency |
| LAI |
Leaf Area Index |
| LiDAR |
Light Detection and Ranging |
| LST |
Land Surface Temperature |
| MABEL |
Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental LiDAR |
| MERRA |
Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications |
| MLA |
Mercury Laser Altimeter |
| MODIS |
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer |
| NARR |
North American Regional Reanalysis |
| NASA |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| NDVI |
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index |
| NGEE |
Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments |
| NIR |
Near Infrared |
| OCO |
Orbiting Carbon Observatory |
| OIB |
Operation IceBridge |
| PALSAR |
Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar |
| POES |
Polar Operational Environmental Satellite |
| QPE |
Quantitative Precipitation Estimate |
| RF |
Radio Frequency |
| RGB |
Red/Green/Blue |
| SAR |
Synthetic Aperture Radar |
| SCA |
Snow-Covered Area |
| SIR-C/X-SAR |
Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar |
| SMAP |
Soil Moisture Active/Passive |
| Snotel |
Snowpack Telemetry |
| SNPP |
Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership |
| SPOT |
Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre |
| SRTM |
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission |
| SSM |
Surface Soil Moisture |
| SSM/I |
Special Sensor Microwave Imager |
| SWE |
Snow Water Equivalent |
| SWOT |
Surface Water Ocean Topography |
| TIR |
Thermal Infrared |
| TWS |
Terrestrial Water Storage |
| UAV |
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle |
| UAVSAR |
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar |
| UHF |
Ultra High Frequency |
| USGS |
U.S. Geological Survey |
| VHF |
Very High Frequency |
| VIS-IR |
Visible Infrared |
| VLF |
Very Low Frequency |
| VSWIR |
Visible Shortwave Infrared |
| WMO |
World Meteorological Organization |