2D

two-dimensional

3D

three-dimensional

ABLE

Atmospheric Boundary Layer Environment

ACM

Association for Computing Machinery

ADS

advanced distributed simulation

AFM

atomic force microscopy

AFRL

Air Force Research Laboratory

ALD

atomic layer disposition

AP

armor-piercing

API

application programming interface

ARDEC

Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center

ARES

aeroelastic rotor experimental system

ARL

Army Research Laboratory

ARLTAB

Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board

ARO

Army Research Office

ATO

Army technology objective

BCI

brain–computer interaction

BED

Battlefield Environment Division

CAD

computer-aided design

CAVE

computer-assisted virtual environment

CERDEC

Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center

CFD

computational fluid dynamics

CISD

Computational and Information Sciences Directorate

CNT

carbon nanotube

CONUS

continental United States

COSMOS

Compound Semiconductor Materials on Silicon (program)

CPU

central processing unit

CRA

Collaborative Research Alliance

CSD

Computational Sciences Division of the CISD

CTA

Collaborative Technology Alliance

CVD

chemical vapor deposition

DARPA

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

DE

directed energy

DFT

density functional theory

DMFC

direct methanol fuel cell

DNS

direct numerical simulation

DoD

Department of Defense

DRI

Director’s Research Initiative

DSI

Director’s Strategic Initiative

DU

depleted uranium

EAR

environment for auditory research

EASE

executable architecture systems engineering

EBG

electromagnetic bandgap

EBSD

electron backscatter diffraction

ECAP

equal channel angular pressing

ECG

electrocardiography

EDS

energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy

EEG

electroencephalogram

EFAS

electric-field-assisted sintering

EFP

explosively formed penetrator

EIS

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

EM

electromagnetic

EMG

electromyography

EPAs

embodied pedagogical agents

ERA

explosive reactive armor

ESAPI

enhanced small arms protective inserts

FEM

finite-element modeling

FET

field effect transistor

FY

fiscal year

GB

grain boundary

GCV

ground combat vehicle

GIFT

generalized intelligent framework for tutoring

GIS

Geographical Information System

GN&C

guidance, navigation, and control

GPS

global positioning system

GPU

graphics processing unit

GSR

galvanic skin response

GUI

graphical user interface

HPC

high-performance computing

HPCI

High Performance Computing Institute

HRED

Human Research and Engineering Directorate

HRI

human–robot interaction

HSI

human–system integration

IC

integrated circuit

ICT

Institute for Creative Technology

IED

improvised explosive device

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IGF

intergranular grain-boundary film

IMPRINT

Improved Performance Research Integration Tool

IR

infrared

JP-8

jet propellant 8 (fuel)

KE

kinetic energy

LES

large-eddy simulation

Li-ion

lithium ion

LLNL

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

LWIR

long-wavelength infrared

M&S

modeling and simulation

MANPRINT

manpower and personnel integration

MAST

Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology

MAV

micro autonomous vehicle

MEMS

microelectromechanical systems

MET

Model Evaluation Tool

MOCVD

metal organic chemical disposition

MOUT

military operations in urban terrain

MURI

Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative

MUVES

Modular UNIX-based Vulnerability Estimation Suite (software)

NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NC

nanofibrils of cellulose

NCAR

National Center for Atmospheric Research

NERA

nonexplosive reactive armor

NMR

nuclear magnetic resonance

NOAA

National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration

NRC

National Research Council

NSF

National Science Foundation

OEO

opto-electronic oscillator

ONR

Office of Naval Research

ORCA

operational requirements-based casualty assessment

PDV

photon Doppler velocimetry

PFM

phase field modeling

QE

quantum efficiency

QMU

quantify the margin of uncertainty

QWIP

quantum-well infrared photodetector

R&D

research and development

RAVEN

RSVP-based adaptive virtual environment with neural processing

RDEC

Research, Development and Engineering Center

RDECOM

Research, Development and Engineering Command

RF

radio frequency

RSVP

rapid serial visual presentation

S&T

science and technology

SBIR

small business innovation research

S-D

source to drain

SDN

software-defined networks

SEDD

Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate

SEI

solid electrolyte interface

SEM

scanning electron microscope

SiC

silicon carbide

SiC-N

silicon carbide-new

SLAD

Survivability/Lethality Analysis Directorate

SME

subject-matter expert

SOC

system on a chip

SOFC

solid oxide fuel cell

SPEAR

soldier performance and equipment advanced research

SPM

scanning probe microscopy

SRAM

static random access memory

STEM

science, technology, engineering, and mathematics

STM

scanning tunneling microscope

STTC

Simulation and Training Technology Center

STTR

small business technology transfer

TARDEC

Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center

TBI

traumatic brain injury

TEM

transmission electron microscopy

THz

terahertz

TMD

transition metals dichalcogenide

TMEDA

N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine

TN

translational neuroscience

TRADOC

Training and Doctrine Command

TTR

through-thickness reinforcement

UHF

ultrahigh frequency

UHMWPE

ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene

UV

ultraviolet

V&V

validation and verification

VBS2

Virtual Battlespace 2

VPSC

viscoplastic self-consistent

VRAMS

virtual-risk-informed agile maneuver sustainment

VTD

Vehicle Technology Directorate

WC

tungsten carbide

WHA

tungsten heavy alloy

WIAMan

warrior injury assessment manikin

WMRD

Weapons and Materials Research Directorate

WRATS

wing and rotor aeroelastic testing system

WRE-N

Weather Running Estimate-Nowcast

WSMR

White Sands Missile Range

XLADD

extremely lightweight, adaptive, durable, damage-tolerant