2015-2016

ASSESSMENT OF THE ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY: INTERIM REPORT

Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board

Laboratory Assessments Board

Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, DC

www.nap.edu

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS    500 Fifth Street, NW    Washington, DC 20001

This activity was supported by Contract No. W911QX-14-C-0039 from the Army Research Laboratory. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-39207-5
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-39207-1
Digital Object Identifier: 10.17226/21916

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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. 2015-2016 Assessment of the Army Research Laboratory: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/21916.

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ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT BOARD

JENNIE S. HWANG, NAE,¹ H-Technologies Group, Chair

KENNETH R. BOFF, Socio-Technical Sciences

MARK EBERHART, Colorado School of Mines

GEORGE (RUSTY) T. GRAY III, Los Alamos National Laboratory

PRABHAT HAJELA, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

WESLEY L. HARRIS, NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Staff

EVA LABRE, Administrative Coordinator

JAMES P. McGEE, Director

ARUL MOZHI, Senior Program Officer

ANDREA L. SHELTON, Administrative Assistant (until December 24, 2015)

PANEL ON BALLISTICS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
AT THE ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY

GEORGE (RUSTY) T. GRAY III,^* Los Alamos National Laboratory, Chair

CHARLES E. ANDERSON, JR., CEA Consulting

MELVIN R. BAER,^* Sandia National Laboratories

CAMERON R. (DALE) BASS,^* Duke University

ELLIOT L. CHAIKOF,^* NAM,² Harvard Medical School

J. GARY EDEN,^* NAE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

ROGER GHANEM,^* University of Southern California

ZELDA GILLS,^* Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company

LEE M. HAMMARSTROM, Pennsylvania State University, Applied Research Laboratory

DAVID M. HIGDON, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

MICHAEL JAFFE,^* New Jersey Institute of Technology

JERRY A. KRILL,^* Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

WILLIAM S. MARRAS,^1* Ohio State University

ALLAN T. MENSE,^* Raytheon Missile Systems

GARY L. MESSING, Pennsylvania State University

ALAN NEEDLEMAN,^* NAE, Texas A&M University

DONALD PROSNITZ,^* Independent Consultant

GEORGE C. SCHATZ, NAS,³ Northwestern University

FRANK J. SERNA,^* Charles Stark Draper Laboratory

JOSEPH E. SHEPHERD, California Institute of Technology

LESLIE E. SMITH,^* National Institute of Standards and Technology (retired)

STEVEN F. SON,^* Purdue University

GHATU SUBHASH, University of Florida

_______________________________

¹ NAE, member of the National Academy of Engineering.

^* Asterisks denote members who participated in the 2015 meeting.

² NAM, member of the National Academy of Medicine.

³ NAS, member of the National Academy of Sciences.

TRACY J. VOGLER,^* Sandia National Laboratories

ELIHU ZIMET,^* Independent Consultant

PANEL ON HUMAN FACTORS SCIENCE
AT THE ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY

KENNETH R. BOFF,^* Socio-Technical Sciences, Chair

BRUCE G. BERG,^* University of California, Irvine

MICHAEL L. BONINGER,^* NAM, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

LINDA NG BOYLE,^* University of Washington

BARRETT S. CALDWELL,^* Purdue University

BARBARA A. DOSHER,^* NAS, University of California, Irvine

FRANCIS (FRANK) T. DURSO,^* Georgia Institute of Technology

HOWARD EGETH,^* Johns Hopkins University

RALPH R. ETIENNE-CUMMINGS, Johns Hopkins University

JOHN H. (JACK) HAMMOND,^* Lockheed Martin (retired)

MOSHE KAM,^* New Jersey Institute of Technology

JOHN LACH,^* University of Virginia

MARGARET L. LOPER,^* Georgia Tech Research Institute

WILLIAM W. LYTTON,^* SUNY Downstate Medical Center

GEORGE R. MANGUN, University of California, Davis

STEPHEN C. MERRIMAN,^* The Boeing Company

KATHERINE L. MORSE,^* Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory

J. ANTHONY MOVSHON,^* NAS, New York University

SHRIKANTH (SHRI) S. NARAYANAN,^* University of Southern California

BARBARA G. SHINN-CUNNINGHAM,^* Boston University

MARY C. WHITTON,^* University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

KING-HAY YANG,^* Wayne State University

PANEL ON INFORMATION SCIENCE
AT THE ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY

PRABHAT HAJELA,^* Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Chair

TILAK AGERWALA,^* International Business Machines Corporation (retired)

JEAN M. ANDINO, Arizona State University

DAVID W. AUCSMITH, University of Washington

PETER A. BELING,^* University of Virginia

RONALD J. BRACHMAN,^* Yahoo, Incorporated

KATHLEEN M. CARLEY, Carnegie Mellon University

JOHN M. CARROLL,^* Pennsylvania State University

JOHN F. CASHEN, NAE, Northrop Grumman Corporation

VINTON G. CERF, Google, Incorporated

BRONIS R. DE SUPINSKI,^* Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

MARK E. DEAN,^* NAE, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

MICHAEL J. FRANKLIN,^* University of California, Berkeley

IRENE GREIF,^* NAE, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center

JONATHAN GRUDIN,^* Microsoft Research

VERLIN B. HINSZ, North Dakota State University

BARRY M. HOROWITZ,^* NAE, University of Virginia

MARY JANE IRWIN,^* NAE, Pennsylvania State University

JAMES T. KAJIYA,^* NAE, Microsoft Corporation

GEORGE KARYPIS,^* University of Minnesota

CHARLES E. KOLB, NAE, Aerodyne Research, Incorporated

VIPIN KUMAR,^* University of Minnesota

JOHN M. LANICCI, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

GUY M. LOHMAN,^* IBM Research—Almaden Center

KYRAN D. MISH,^* Sandia National Laboratories

J. GREGORY MORRISETT,^* Harvard University

RANDOLPH L. MOSES,^* Ohio State University

JOSE M.F. MOURA,^* NAE, Carnegie Mellon University

LINDA A. NESS,^* Independent Consultant

AROGYASWAMI J. PAULRAJ,^* NAE, Stanford University

RADIA PERLMAN,^* EMC Corporation

KALYAN PERUMALLA,^* Oak Ridge National Laboratory

H. VINCENT POOR, NAE/NAS, Princeton University

PADMA RAGHAVAN, Pennsylvania State University

NEIL G. SIEGEL, NAE, Northrop Grumman Information Systems

SALVATORE J. STOLFO, Columbia University

STEVEN J. WALLACH,^* NAE, Micron Technology, Incorporated

PANEL ON MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
AT THE ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY

MARK E. EBERHART,^* Colorado School of Mines, Chair

RICHARD C. ALKIRE,^* NAE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

STANLEY ATCITTY,^* Sandia National Laboratories

MICHAEL BASKES,^* NAE, Los Alamos National Laboratory

JOSEPH J. BEAMAN, JR., NAE, University of Texas, Austin

WILLIAM J. BOETTINGER, NAE, National Institute of Standards and Technology (retired)

PAUL V. BRAUN,^* University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

LALIT C. CHHABILDAS,^* Air Force Research Laboratory (retired)

DIANNE CHONG, The Boeing Company (retired)

STEPHEN CREAGER,^* Clemson University

NEIL A. DUFFIE, University of Wisconsin, Madison

AMY E. DUWEL, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory

HORACIO D. ESPINOSA, Northwestern University

MICHAEL ETTENBERG,^* NAE, Dolce Technologies

JAMES S. HARRIS, NAE, Stanford University

W. JOHN KAO,^* University of Wisconsin, Madison

THOMAS L. KOCH,^* NAE, University of Arizona

CHRISTIAN MAILHIOT,^* Washington State University

CHRIS A. MARIANETTI,^* Columbia University

MARC A. MEYERS,^* University of California, San Diego

DAVID J. MOONEY,^* NAE/NAM, Harvard University

DUNCAN T. MOORE,^* NAE, University of Rochester

KARIN M. RABE,^* NAS, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey

KRISHNA RAJAN, University of Buffalo, State University of New York

ALAN S. RUDOLPH,^* Colorado State University

ROBERT E. SCHAFRIK, NAE, General Electric Aviation (retired)

STEWART A. SILLING,^* Sandia National Laboratories

NARESH N. THADHANI,^* Georgia Institute of Technology

PANEL ON MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
AT THE ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY

WESLEY L. HARRIS,^* NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chair

RUZENA K. BAJCSY,^* NAE/NAM, University of California, Berkeley

L. CATHERINE BRINSON, Northwestern University

FU-KUO CHANG,^* Stanford University

GLENN S. DAEHN, Ohio State University

GREGORY D. HAGER,^* Johns Hopkins University

RAINER HEBERT,^* University of Connecticut

AYANNA M. HOWARD,^* Georgia Institute of Technology

AGNES C. KLUCHA,^* UTC Aerospace Systems^*

WILLIAM Q. MEEKER, JR.,^* Iowa State University

DAVID A. PETERS,^* Washington University

ARMANDO A. RODRIGUEZ,^* Arizona State University

KENNETH M. ROSEN,^* NAE, Aero-Science Technology Associates, LLC

JAYANT S. SABNIS, Pratt & Whitney

MICHAEL SALKIND,^* Indus International, Incorporated

F. STAN SETTLES,^* NAE, University of Southern California

JULIE A. SHAH,^* Massachusetts Institute of Technology

WILLIAM A. SIRIGNANO,^* NAE, University of California, Irvine

EDWARD C. SMITH,^* Pennsylvania State University

CHARLES E. THORPE,^* Clarkson University

RYAN B. WICKER, University of Texas, El Paso

DENNIS F. WILKIE,^* NAE, Ford Motor Company and Motorola, Incorporated (retired)

HOLLY YANCO,^* University of Massachusetts, Lowell

BEN T. ZINN,^* NAE, Georgia Institute of Technology

LABORATORY ASSESSMENTS BOARD

JOHN W. LYONS, NAE, National Defense University (retired), Chair

ROSS B. COROTIS, NAE, University of Colorado, Boulder

PAUL A. FLEURY, NAS/NAE, Yale University

C. WILLIAM GEAR, NAE, Princeton University

WESLEY L. HARRIS, NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

JENNIE S. HWANG, NAE, H-Technologies Group

W. CARL LINEBERGER, NAS, University of Colorado, Boulder

C. KUMAR N. PATEL, NAS/NAE, Pranalytica, Incorporated

ELSA REICHMANIS, NAE, Georgia Institute of Technology

LYLE H. SCHWARTZ, NAE, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (retired)

Staff

LIZA HAMILTON, Associate Program Officer

EVA LABRE, Administrative Coordinator

JAMES P. McGEE, Director

ARUL MOZHI, Senior Program Officer

ANDREA L. SHELTON, Administrative Assistant (until December 24, 2015)

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Acknowledgment of Reviewers

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Paul M. Bevilaqua, NAE, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, who was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring board and the institution.

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Contents

SUMMARY

1 INTRODUCTION

The Biennial Assessment Process

Preparation and Organization of This Report

Assessment Criteria

Approach Taken During Report Preparation

Report Content

2 MATERIALS RESEARCH

Introduction

Biological and Bioinspired Materials

Energy and Power Materials

Engineered Photonics Materials

Overall Quality of the Work

3 SCIENCES FOR LETHALITY AND PROTECTION

Introduction

Battlefield Injury Mechanisms

Directed Energy

Armor and Adaptive Protection

Overall Quality of the Work

4 INFORMATION SCIENCES

Introduction

System Intelligence and Intelligent Systems

Sensing and Effecting

Overall Quality of the Work

5 COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES

Introduction

Advanced Computing Architectures

Computing Sciences

Data-Intensive Sciences

Predictive Simulation Sciences

Overall Quality of the Work

6 SCIENCES FOR MANEUVER

Introduction

Human–Machine Interaction

Intelligence and Control

Perception

Overall Quality of the Work

7 HUMAN SCIENCES

Introduction

Humans in Multiagent Systems

Real-World Behavior

Toward Human Variability

Assessing Mission Capability of Systems

Overall Quality of the Work

8 CROSSCUTTING CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS AND EXCEPTIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Research Portfolio, Niche Areas, and Staff Development

Integration of Research and Systems Engineering

Facilities and Equipment

ARL Responses to Recommendations

Exceptional Accomplishments

APPENDIXES

A Army Research Laboratory Organization and Science and Technology Campaign Framework

B Biographical Sketches of Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board Members and Staff

C Assessment Criteria

D Acronyms