| 2D | two-dimensional |
| 3D | three-dimensional |
| ACM | Association for Computing Machinery |
| ARL | Army Research Laboratory |
| ARLTAB | Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board |
| ARO | Army Research Office |
| CISD | Computational and Information Sciences Directorate |
| CRA | Collaborative Research Alliance |
| CTA | Collaborative Technology Alliance |
| DARPA | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency |
| DE | directed energy |
| DOD | Department of Defense |
| DOE | Department of Energy |
| EAR | environment for auditory research |
| EEG | electroencephalogram |
| fMRI | functional magnetic resonance imaging |
| FY | fiscal year |
| GPU | graphics processing unit |
| GUI | graphical user interface |
| HPC | high-performance computing |
| HRED | Human Research and Engineering Directorate |
| HRI | human–robot interaction |
| HSI | human–system integration |
| IED | improvised explosive device |
| IEEE | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| IMPRINT | Improved Performance Research Integration Tool |
| IR | infrared |
| ITA | International Technology Alliance |
| JP-8 | jet propellant 8 (fuel) |
| KCI | key campaign initiative |
| Li-ion | lithium ion |
| M&S | modeling and simulation |
| MAST | micro-autonomous systems and technology |
| MEMS | microelectromechanical system |
| MURI | Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| NSF | National Science Foundation |
| PDV | photon Doppler velocimetry |
| PLDI | programming language design and implementation |
| QMU | quantification of the margin of uncertainty |
| QWIP | quantum-well infrared photodetector |
| R&D | research and development |
| RF | radio frequency |
| S&T | science and technology |
| SEDD | Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate |
| SLAD | Survivability/Lethality Analysis Directorate |
| SPEAR | soldier performance and equipment advanced research |
| SWaP | space, weight, and power |
| TARDEC | Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center |
| TBI | traumatic brain injury |
| TEM | transmission electron microscopy |
| TN | translational neuroscience |
| UV | ultraviolet |
| V&V | validation and verification |
| VTD | Vehicle Technology Directorate |
| WMRD | Weapons and Materials Research Directorate |
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