Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers (1983)

Chapter: CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME

Previous Chapter: CHAPTER 3 POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

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Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

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Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

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Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

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Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 45.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

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Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

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Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 48.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

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Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 50.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 51.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 52.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 53.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 54.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 55.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 56.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 57.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 58.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 59.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 60.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 61.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 62.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 63.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 64.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.

There was a problem loading page 65.

Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 41
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 42
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 43
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 44
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 45
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 46
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 47
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 48
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 49
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 50
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 51
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 52
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 53
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 54
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 55
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 56
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 57
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 58
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 59
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 60
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 61
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 62
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 63
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 64
Suggested Citation: "CHAPTER 4 WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN ACADEME." National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/243.
Page 65
Next Chapter: CHAPTER 5 DOCTORAL WOMEN IN INDUSTRY
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