| 3D | three-dimensional |
| a-Si | amorphous silicon |
| Al-Li | aluminum–lithium |
| AMRDEC | Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center |
| ANVEL | Autonomous Navigation Virtual Environment Laboratory |
| APNT | assured positioning, navigation, and timing |
| ARDEC | Armament Research, Development, and Engineering Center |
| ARL | Army Research Laboratory |
| ARO | Army Research Office |
| ASA (ALT) | Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology |
| AWG | arrayed waveguide gratings |
| BCP | block copolymer |
| BNC | bacterial nanocellulose |
| BP | black phosphorus |
| BST | barium strontium titanate |
| CERDEC | Communication–Electronics Research, Development, and Engineering Center |
| CFD | computational fluid dynamics |
| CNR | carbon nanoribbon |
| CO | carbon monoxide |
| DE | discrete element |
| DEM | discrete element method |
| DFT | density functional theory |
| DIC | digital image correlation |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DNN | deep neural network |
| DNS | direct numerical simulation |
| DoD | Department of Defense |
| DSC | differential scanning calorimetry |
| EBIC | Electron Beam-Induced Current |
| ECBC | Edgewood Chemical Biological Center |
| EH | energy harvesting |
| EO | electro-optical |
| FE | finite element |
| FEA | finite element analysis |
| FEM | finite element method |
| FPA | focal plane array |
| FSW | friction stir welding |
| FVL | future vertical lift |
| GPS | Global Positioning System |
| H2 | hydrogen |
| HEL | high-energy laser |
| HEL-JTO | High-Energy Laser-Joint Technology Office |
| HERMES | Harvesting Energy to Reduce the Metabolic Expenditure of Soldiers |
| HMS | hierarchical multiscale simulation |
| HNIW | hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane |
| HPC | high-performance computing |
| HSL | homoserine lactones |
| ILIR | In-House Laboratory Independent Research |
| IR | infrared |
| LaRC | Langley Research Center |
| LC | liquid crystal |
| Li-ion | lithium ion |
| MBE | molecular beam epitaxy |
| MIMO | multiple-input and multiple-output |
| MIT | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| MOF | metal oxide framework |
| MoS2 | molybdenum disulfide |
| multi-SLAM | multi-robot simultaneous localization and mapping |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| NMP | n-methylpyrrolidone |
| NSRDEC | Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center |
| O2 | oxygen |
| PAN | polyacrylonitrile |
| PAO | Poly-α-Olefin |
| PI | principal investigator |
| PIV | particle image velocimetry |
| PNNL | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |
| PS | polystyrene |
| Pt | platinum |
| PVDF | polyvinylidene fluoride |
| PVP | polyvinylpyrrolidone |
| QCM-D | quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring |
| QE | Quantum Expresso |
| QS | quorum sensing |
| R&D | research and development |
| RANS | Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes |
| Rb | rubidium |
| RCAS | Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System |
| RDEC | Research, Development, and Engineering Center |
| RDECOM | Research, Development, and Engineering Command |
| Re | rhenium |
| RF | radio frequency |
| RO | reverse osmosis |
| RPAC | Research Program Review and Analysis Committee |
| RRC | Report Review Committee |
| RTID | real-time tracking, identification, and discrimination |
| SAD | selective area diffraction |
| Si | silicon |
| SiO2 | silicon dioxide |
| SMART | Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation |
| SMDC | Space and Missile Defense Command Technical Center |
| Ta | tantalum |
| TARDEC | Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center |
| TE | transfer entropy |
| TEM | transmission electron microscopy |
| TiO2 | titanium dioxide |
| TPIV | thermal particle image velocimetry |
| UAV | unmanned aerial vehicle |
| UGV | unmanned ground vehicle |
| UHMWPE | ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene |
| UML | University of Massachusetts, Lowell |
| USMA | United States Military Academy |
| UV-vis | ultraviolet–visible |
| ZnTe | zinc telluride |
| ZrO2 | zirconium dioxide |