| AEBQ | Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire |
| AI | artificial intelligence |
| ASN | American Society for Nutrition |
| BEBQ | Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire |
| BEST | Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CDRR | chronic disease risk reduction |
| CEBQ | Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire |
| CFSAN | Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition |
| CLIA | Comprehensive Laboratory Improvement Act |
| CVD | cardiovascular disease |
| DIETFITS | Diet Intervention Examining the Factors Interacting with Treatment Success |
| DRI | Dietary Reference Intake |
| DSM-5 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition |
| EAR | estimated average requirement |
| FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| FTC | Federal Trade Commission |
| FTO | fat mass and obesity-associated |
| GBD | global burden of disease |
| GRADE | Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation |
| GWAS | genome-wide association studies |
| HHS | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
| INSNA | International Network of Social Network Analysis |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| LDT | laboratory-developed test |
| MacTel | macular telangiectasia |
| MS/MS | tandem mass spectrometry |
| NASEM | National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| NCI | National Cancer Institute |
| NHGRI | National Human Genome Research Institute |
| NHS | National Health Service |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| ODS | Office of Dietary Supplements |
| PEACH lab | Psychology of Eating and Consumer Health laboratory |
| Phe | phenylalanine |
| PKU | phenylketonuria |
| PPGR | postprandial glucose response |
| PPT | personalized postprandial targeting |
| PREDICT | Personalized Responses to Dietary Composition Trial |
| PRS | polygenic risk score |
| RCT | randomized controlled trial |
| RDA | recommended dietary allowance |
| SNP | single nucleotide polymorphism |
| SPT | serine palmitoyl transferase |
| UL | tolerable upper level |
| UNC | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| USDA | U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| VLCADD | very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency |
| WES | whole exome sequencing |