Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop (2022)

Chapter: Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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B

Complete List of Project Ideas Identified

Tables B-1 through B-4 include the comprehensive list of project ideas that were brainstormed during Days 1 and 2 of the workshop. Projects in boldface are those that appeared in the high-priority bin listed in Part 1 of this proceedings. These are lists of project ideas that would contribute to increased infrastructure resilience in the Gulf region, to drive further thought and attention. This should not be interpreted as a definitive or authoritative list of projects.

TABLE B-1 Comprehensive List of Project Ideas Brainstormed during Days 1 and 2: Petrochemical Industry Functions

Petrochemical Industry Functions
Hurricane Scenario
  • Advance coordination of national power restoration priorities
  • Bury power lines
  • Conduct remote inspections (drone, satellite)
  • Create and streamline drone inspection protocols
  • Develop more Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) education programs to increase the number of truck drivers and lessen supply chain disruptions
  • Develop short-term waiver programs for CDL hours
  • Elevate backup power
  • Elevate or protect chemical processing units required for refining
  • Identify ways to protect tankers not able to evacuate ship channels
  • Import electric power
  • Increase flood mitigation at pump stations
  • Increase industry-to-government coordination to enhance response
  • Increase intragovernmental coordination to enhance response (federal-federal, federal-state)
  • Increase resiliency requirements for storage tanks
  • Increase secondary containment requirement for fuel tanks
  • Install permanent and temporary flood protection
  • Invest in smart tanks
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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  • Pass regulations establishing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) mandate for Corporations
  • Preauthorize an authority to clear waterways and open ports
  • Preauthorize release from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve
  • Preauthorize USACE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) and USCG (U.S. Coast Guard) authorities to reopen ports
  • Preplan how to access gasoline sitting at refineries for local use
  • Prestage generators and resources
  • Prioritize fuel for first responders
  • Provide access to nitrogen when shutting down refineries
  • Require and incentivize backup power for high-priority fuel stations
  • Treat fuel stations as anchor institutions, prioritizing them for power restoration
  • Update designs for EV (electric vehicle) charging stations to protect against saltwater intrusion
  • Use flood sensor networks to map flooded areas
  • Use solar power at gas stations
Protracted Oil Spill Scenario
  • Augment BSEE (Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement) to play a bigger role in enforcement of regulations
  • Build a new skimming test facility
  • Clearly define and document roles, responsibilities, and authorities of all parties
  • Conduct a study on oil spill response best practices in other countries
  • Conduct GIS (geographic information system) mapping of pipeline systems
  • Conduct R&D into and testing of containment domes and systems
  • Conduct R&D into assessment of risk in disturbing sediments
Petrochemical Industry Functions
  • Conduct R&D into improved ability to assess volume and impact of spill
  • Conduct R&D into skimmers in deep water and heavy seas
  • Conduct R&D into submarine landslides risk
  • Conduct R&D into subsurface safety valves
  • Conduct R&D into the microbe breakdown of oil
  • Conduct R&D into water column absorbent materials
  • Conduct tabletop exercises
  • Develop better, faster public information-sharing campaigns to improve public trust
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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  • Develop sensor technology for oil spill detection and conduct related data analysis
  • Enhance how the Ports work with industry during recovery
  • Establish multi-company operations technology review boards
  • Examine the techniques used for containment in other spills
  • Expand and/or refine the mandated cleanup fund paid for by the petroleum industry
  • Harden blowout preventers
  • Implement stricter industry owner permitting requirements
  • Improve lessons sharing among oil industry companies
  • Improve oversight of aging and abandoned oil infrastructure
  • Increase local leadership in response
  • Invest in advanced technology for containment, plugging
  • Invest in better debris removal systems subsea
  • Invest in better platform and anchor design (increase security, redundancy)
  • Invest in Joint Industry Party (JIP) in oil infrastructure integrity technologies
  • Invest in new pipeline construction technology to build resilience
  • Invest in predictive modeling and forecast movement of oil and dispersants
  • Invest in relief well technology
  • Model seismic activity to predict where slides might occur; coordinate with the mining industry as appropriate
  • Put requirements for containment plans and response in place before permitting
  • Require the responsible party to disclose operational data for 6 months prior to spill
Petrochemical Industry Functions
  • Review all related authorities and change laws as needed
  • Review legacy permits and require containment plans where none are in place

TABLE B-2 Comprehensive List of Project Ideas Brainstormed during Days 1 and 2: Other Infrastructure Functions

Other Infrastructure Functions
Hurricane Scenario
  • Assess and improve prestaged response assets
  • Assess building codes in light of climate change
  • Assess compound and cascading impacts of hurricanes on infrastructure
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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  • Build in adaptability during infrastructure repairs
  • Conduct remote damage assessment, for example, via drones
  • Conduct satellite sweeps before and after storms to support damage assessment
  • Create and enhance programs to monitor and test private wells for contamination
  • Create economic incentives for cell providers to harden and install generators
  • Deploy and test backup generators to support the water system
  • Develop a new hoteling system for responders
  • Develop and compile nationwide infrastructure best practices and make them available
  • Develop and improve systems for soil water/moisture monitoring
  • Develop better and more flood monitoring of low-lying roads and railways
  • Develop designs for electricity infrastructure to withstand high winds pre-disaster, so designs are ready when the time comes to replace or build them
  • Develop forecasts for impacts and damage
  • Develop innovative ways to design transportation systems to connect people to societal needs
  • Develop more effective and efficient ways to remove waterway obstructions from ports
  • Develop new, more, and better flood and flash flood warning systems
  • Develop or support programs for rapid deployment of storm surge detectors, pre-permit them and preplan the logistics
  • Ensure cell tower design can withstand greater than 150-mph winds
  • Ensure that fiber optic cables run to critical community-based facilities
  • Evaluate if and when satellite communications are appropriate alternatives
  • Further develop an alternate renewable power source, for example, solar
  • Harden, bury, or elevate electrical infrastructure (including distribution facilities, transmission structures, substations, and account for saltwater intrusion when burying them
  • Identify and map infrastructure systems, and make this information available in a GIS (geographic information system) tool
  • Identify priority sites for communications restoration, just like jurisdictions do for power restoration
  • Improve barge fleeting areas
  • Improve warning systems to critical facilities
  • Increase education and socialization on the coordination of response authorities
  • Invest in more and new technology against saltwater intrusion into the water system
  • Promote follow-up and socialization of the National Disaster Recovery Framework (NDRF)
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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  • Promote keeping landlines for backup communications, and modernize them
  • Promote wireless sensors and staff gauges to measure storm surge
  • Protect, harden, and/or elevate water infrastructure
  • Reevaluate and better communicate evacuation plans with clear destinations of where people should go
  • Separate the internet from its current power source
  • Set aside fuel for first responders and hospitals
  • Study impacts of sea level rise (SLR) and climate change on the water system
  • Support interoperability between wireless providers
  • Support lowland land grading, especially in vulnerable communities
  • Transition to 5G with hardened towers and battery backups
  • Trim trees around electrical wires and water pipes
  • Use more sensors and other monitoring systems for detecting chemicals in water
Protracted Oil Spill Scenario
  • Conduct a community needs assessment before cutting services in the wake of declining budgets
  • Conduct a ports and waterway safety assessment, including appropriate ship rerouting
  • Conduct R&D into better and more reliable communications and navigation systems
  • Co-share investments including Operations and Maintenance (O&M) to build up port infrastructure
  • Develop a better system to evaluate claims for supporting funds
  • Develop a bigger and better oil company–funded relief fund with a third-party administrator
  • Develop a call center for offshore information (similar to 311)
  • Develop a data center for citizen and community data
  • Develop a new Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and Logistical Staging Area (LSA) with a predesignated, protected, and accessible location
  • Develop a Strategic Water Reserve
  • Develop alternative power sources to natural gas
  • Develop a public education/emergency preparedness campaign, including likely impacts to infrastructure and what actions individual should take, when, and how
  • Develop or enhance federal assistance programs for local government for infrastructure support in the wake of an oil disaster
  • Develop renewable power sources for marginalized groups
  • Expand air traffic control offshore in the Gulf region
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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  • Expand broadband access, starting with coastal areas
  • Expand the oil company–funded trust fund into a diverse portfolio of support
  • Fund or partner to develop programs that provide for in-person/hard-copy assistance to residents for program registration, in addition to online registration
  • Improve the oil company–funded trust fund with better triggers and management
  • Incorporate long-term spills into emergency plans, especially regional transportation and economic development plans
  • Increase capacity to scale up communications system support when impacted
  • Increase environmental intelligence, particularly more ocean observation to support prediction of landslides and oil spills
  • Increase transparency and information sharing with the media in advance of oil spills
  • Invest in R&D for oil spill barrier construction
  • Protect fiber and critical flow lines—bury them or use enhanced rock-dumping methods
  • Research and plan better ways to back up communications infrastructure and scale up that response
  • Streamline existing grant programs that support residents
  • Study impacts of climate change on infrastructure

TABLE B-3 Comprehensive List of Project Ideas Brainstormed during Days 1 and 2: Society’s Needs

Society’s Needs
Hurricane Scenarios
  • Account for the needs of nomadic populations
  • Better socialize waterway closures
  • Build capacity pre-disaster for business continuity planning, especially for small businesses
  • Check shelter HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems
  • Create incentives for moving out of high-risk areas, including expanding related mitigation grants
  • Create partnerships between government, community organizations, and industry to develop multipurpose affordable and safe temporary housing solutions
  • Develop a digital home-to-community network
  • Develop additional types of “remote” learning options
  • Develop alternative designs and technologies for anticipating and addressing a foot of water in buildings
  • Develop better plans to transition to remote learning
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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  • Develop disaster education for high schools
  • Develop incentives for green technology and disaster-resistant building materials
  • Develop more enforceable liabilities and penalties
  • Develop programs to prevent small businesses from closing
  • Enhance distribution of supplies and potable water distribution
  • Enhance erosion monitoring
  • Enhance flood and other network sensors to support safe transportation
  • Enhance hospital evacuation plans, including the transfer of patients prior to storm arrival
  • Enhance levee motion sensors
  • Enhance nursing home evacuation plans
  • Enhance STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) programs
  • Evaluate and enforce mold codes
  • Facilitate the completion of applications for assistance by community members
  • Fund and overhaul Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood maps for long-term planning in a changing environment
  • Identify and monitor vulnerable sewage lines to prioritize maintenance and repair
  • Improve coordination through the National Business Emergency Operations Center
  • Improve flood-mapping technology
  • Improve neighborhood clinic operability during and after events
  • Improve retention system for flood waters
  • Incorporate community engagement into planning for communities and schools
  • Monitor roads and supply lines around schools
  • Phase out grandfathered houses in flood zones
  • Plan for blood, critical medical consumables, and storage requirements
  • Plan for potable water for dialysis centers
  • Plan for redundant power, for example, generator maintenance, for community support sites
  • Preidentify fleet asset management locations
  • Preidentify logistics hubs on high ground
  • Prepare mobile health-care clinics with locations identified for both fair skies and disasters
  • Procure fuel trucks to support moving people
  • Rebuild and repair transportation infrastructure anticipating future floods
  • Redefine “critical infrastructure” to include schools
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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  • Reevaluate and streamline FEMA processes in general, for example, housing, flood insurance, incentives
  • Regrade roads with more adaptive materials, for example, porous materials, living streets
  • Reform National Flood Insurance Program and require everyone to purchase insurance
  • Review the safety of shelter locations
  • Safeguard supplies of diapers and formula
  • Study and improve private-sector supply chains
  • Support cost-share management for grants
  • Utilize green technology to support stormwater management
Protracted Oil Spill Scenario
  • Assess the impacts of landslides
  • Conduct baseline studies for community health and needs, especially in underserved communities
  • Conduct exercises with an oil spill scenario with health-care facilities and the community to
  • support training to manage expectations
  • Conduct long-term studies on the impacts of oil spills, including comparisons of protracted oil spills versus those similar to Deep Water Horizon
  • Conduct research into the impact of oil spills on the local population
  • Conduct research into the impact of oil spills on the shore
  • Conduct R&D into containment technology
  • Conduct research on alternative oil response technologies to prevent and/or mitigate adverse impacts from spills
  • Conduct R&D on the impacts of spill size on the environment
  • Conduct research on fatigue and the safety of different shift lengths
  • Create and expand programs to support local industries after disasters
  • Create baseline studies of how historical events impacted the economy
  • Decommission risky wells
  • Develop a better system to enable teachers to have competitive pay and education and economic mobility
  • Develop a mechanism for systematic research funding
  • Develop and implement training and education programs to improve economic mobility
  • Develop fishermen fleets as assets for ecosystem monitoring
  • Develop plans for the communication of science, including messaging to and awareness for the public
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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  • Develop programs that support estuary and wetland preservation and construction
  • Develop programs to support beach communities intimately connected to fishing
  • Develop public health monitoring programs ready for immediate deployment at oil spill time
  • Develop trusted information sources with the community prior to disasters
  • Ensure availability of safety equipment
  • Establish co-ops to pool and negotiate for fuel and supplies
  • Evaluate the Ocean Energy Safety Institute 2.0 program and its benefits
  • Fund existing and new ecosystem monitoring and detection projects
  • Have the CISA (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency) monitor underwater pipelines
  • Identify the needs of traditionally underserved communities
  • Improve cleanup coordination, make roles and responsibilities clear
  • Improve response techniques to reduce fish habitat damage
  • Increase executive liability for spills
  • Increase situational awareness for pipelines
  • Increase transparency of communications
  • Increase visibility (via websites and media campaigns) on cleanup and restoration activities
  • Maintain active, continual communication programs with the community
  • Make mental health services standard for our health systems
  • Provide Wi-Fi and communication hubs for the community
  • Regulate shift lengths
  • Research and review the lawsuit injunction process for new projects, develop new standards
  • Research compound and cascading impacts of oil spills
  • Sheen boats in the Houston ship channel
  • Strengthen the public information system and campaigns
  • Study the risks of protracted spills versus large and fast spills
  • Supply battery chargers for personal calls
  • Sustain funding for sea grants
  • Use sensors for rapid assessment of oil chemicals
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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TABLE B-4 Comprehensive List of Project Ideas Brainstormed during Days 1 and 2: Environmental Protection

Environmental Protection
Hurricane Scenarios
  • Assess small water management system vulnerabilities
  • Assess saltwater impact on concrete and steel
  • Assess, monitor, and report long- and short-term impacts
  • Build and protect natural protection such as coastal systems, reefs, wetlands, and sea grasses
  • Build barriers around chemical facilities
  • Change construction standards beyond the 100-year flood
  • Conduct rigorous epidemiological studies
  • Create a sensor network to monitor pollutants
  • Create or enhance debris management plans
  • Create or enhance flood protections around superfund sites
  • Design and implement restoration projects for wetlands and disturbed habitats
  • Develop a risk matrix, including trigger points for requesting and receiving waivers
  • Develop alternative first-flood building designs for existing buildings, such as critical infrastructure and private homes
  • Develop and enhance early warning systems for industry
  • Develop and enhance saltwater barriers in coastal areas to combat flooding
  • Develop mechanisms to monitor grids autonomously
  • Ensure a consistent supply of chlorine
  • Ensure availability and readiness of sewage overflow post-flooding testing units
  • Improve access to geospatial data, including the creation of a shared GIS (geographical information system) platform and better coordination of maps with the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency), and other agencies
  • Improve damage assessments by using LIDAR flyovers and 3-D cameras to estimate debris
  • Improve geospatial data use and sharing for mitigation and early response
  • Improve geospatial data, including coastal risk inundation maps, flash flood monitoring, digital elevations, and commercial data (high resolution)
  • Incentivize industry to prioritize ESG (environmental, social, and governance) framework
  • Increase USCG (U.S. Coast Guard) inspection of regulated facilities
  • Invest in infrastructure that supports post-disaster debris management
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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  • Invest in natural (green) infrastructure solutions near shore
  • Invest in secondary containment requirements to capture chemicals
  • Maximize beneficial use of dredge material
  • Develop protection systems for wastewater plants against flooding
  • Require continuous monitoring and reporting of pollutants
  • Research better mechanisms for transport of water during flood events
  • Research point source and non-point source pollutants and their intersections with vulnerable populations
  • Revisit zoning for chemical plants
  • Store potable water close to populations
  • Study long-term impacts on living organisms
Protracted Oil Spill Scenario
  • Add greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions penalties to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) spill regulations and permitting
  • Advance and facilitate the inclusion of citizen science and observations
  • Build oil spill resiliency into restoration projects
  • Change BOEM (Bureau of Ocean Energy Management) leasing to include cradle-to-grave infrastructure and account for equity
  • Collect more and better bathymetric information
  • Conduct epidemiological health studies to assess chronic impacts of pollutants on coastal communities
  • Conduct R&D on dispersants early use and review the current authorization for use
  • Conduct R&D on stronger tar ball intervention, detection, and notification, and cleanup Technology
  • Conduct risk assessments for platform risk and mitigation; use them to inform foundation and anchor design criteria
  • Conduct surveys of wildlife habitats
  • Conduct underwater pipeline monitoring for leaks and microfractures
  • Create numerical, model-based forecasts for landslides
  • Develop alternative fishing opportunities, for example, oyster aquaculture
  • Develop and enhance automatic identification system (AIS) and predictive routing for vessel tracking and movement
  • Develop and enhance methods and tools to measure hydrodynamics and spill rates
  • Develop measures to track recovery
  • Develop mechanics for oceanic continuous monitoring, including oil monitoring
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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  • Develop projects to improve the health of ecosystems to make more resilient coasts and barriers (e.g., land conservation, storm water management, EPA Best Management Practices)
  • Evaluate the scope of the mudslide threat
  • Expand use of NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) fish management processes
  • Identify and monitor natural seeps
  • Identify endangered species and update regulatory requirements
  • Improve water column oil absorbents
  • Improve subsea well caps
  • Increase applications of remote sensing to monitor the scale of impacts on the air, land, and Water
  • Increase collaboration among research agencies and add a budget line for this
  • Increase community resilience by providing mental and physical health support services
  • Invest in R&D product development of environmentally friendly biodegradable dissolvents and surfactants
  • Leverage fish hatcheries to reintroduce healthy populations
  • Locate an offshore command post to manage information and communications during a spill
  • Put emission capture technology in place
  • Reassess the fisheries management process to allow sufficient time for recovery
  • Require the private sector to conduct offset projects
  • Research the long-term fate and transport of dissolvents and surfactants
  • Study climate-driven migration of habitats and conditions; account for this during restoration
  • Understand and identify ways to mitigate impacts on tribes and Indigenous populations reliant on coastal flora and fauna for cultural practices
  • Use existing vessels mounts for monitoring and to collect baseline data
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Complete List of Project Ideas Identified." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26559.
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Next Chapter: Appendix C: Prioritization Framework: Research and Rationale
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