Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Universities: Public Service and Public Policy (1996)
Chapter: INDEX
Index
A
access to education, 46-48
minority enrollments, 55-56
African-Americans
Agency for International Development, U.S., 2
alternative agriculture, 18
B
Bailey, Liberty Hyde, 90
Bankhead-Jones Act, 14
technology transfer, 97
bridging agreements / programs, 5, 31, 32, 56
C
capacity building programs, 56
challenge grants, 50-51
application, 14 n.2
current institutional spending, 52
for innovative teaching, 5, 8, 65
checkoff funding, 82
collaborative research and development agreements, 83
competitive grants
alternative allocation mechanisms, 83-84
characteristics, 78
current federal allocation, 9, 73
equitable distribution, 79-80
experiment station research, 28
for extension, 103
recommendations for, 5, 9, 12, 75-80, 103
Congress, U.S., food and agriculture advisory boards, 26-27
consumers
in food and agriculture system, 3, 22, 25
research agenda and, 97
cooperative extension. see extension activities;
extension funding
Current Research Information System (CRIS), 26, 73
D
Department of Agriculture, U.S.
college and university spending, 50, 52
current research spending, 9
intramural research, 14 n.1, 73
in LGCA system management, 2, 14
recommendations for institutional linkages, 8
research spending, 73-80
extension activities, 91
as multidisciplinary science, 101
distance learning
E
economic development, 100
education
curriculum revitalization projects, 61
environmental/natural resource, 62-65
faculty characteristics, 56-58
faculty exchanges, 56
federal role, 50-51
lifelong, 39
minority student enrollment, 55-56
in non-land grant schools, 62
of foreign students, 48
problem-solving orientation, 60, 65-67
program design, 59-62
rationale for LGCA system, 46-50
recommendations for, 67-68
student characteristics, 53, 55
student exchanges/transfers, 56
student recruitment, 54
tuition and fees, 48
USDA spending, 50-51
see also teaching
1890 colleges, 1, 15, 30, 32, 47
current status, 80
extension activities, 95
recommendations for, 5, 6, 7, 12, 80-81
research activities, 80
student enrollment, 55-56
in regionalization of LGCA system, 32
tuition and fees, 48
electronic technology
geographic information systems, 55
Elementary and Secondary Education Reauthorization Act, 15, 56
employment trends, 1, 3, 13, 15
demand for food and agriculture graduates, 51
environmental concerns, 15, 18, 22
academic programs, 62-65
extension activities and, 96-97
as rationale for federal involvement in extension, 90-91
EPSCoR. see Experimental Program for Stimulating Competitive Research
ESCOP. see Experiment Station Committee on Organization and Policy
Experiment Station Committee on Organization and Policy (ESCOP), 27-28
Experimental Program for Stimulating Competitive Research (EPSCoR), 5, 79
extension activities
consumers of, 25
cooperative vs. university extension, 87, 88
federal role, 90-92
future prospects, 93-94
historical development, 93
information management, 91-92
integration with research and teaching activities, 37-41, 42, 89, 91
interpretation of regulations as, 89
LGCA system mission, 14
national interest and, 88-89
non-USDA federal agency interests in, 92
nonfarm/nonrural, 6, 94, 98-101, 102
opportunities for improvement, 87-88
oversight, 10-11
performance evaluation, 43, 91-92
private-public collaboration for, 96
private vs. public roles, 94-95
privatization of, 11
recommendations for, 6-7, 92, 101-104
regional diversity, 103
regional market-based, 34-35
rural economic development, 100
extension funding
accountability, 91
allocation, 102-104
for 1890 colleges, 95
extension research focus and, 39
for nonfarm activities, 98
recent trends, 90
recommendations for, 4-7, 8-9, 11, 102-104
return on investment, 89
USDA, 50
F
faculty
appointment trends, 38
demographics, 56-58
incentives for, 58-59
student contacts, 58
farms
current characteristics, 2, 14-15, 18, 23-24, 92
diversity, 28-29
incomes, 23
knowledge sources, 92
niche markets, 24
population trends, 1, 13, 15, 93
rural economic development as extension activity, 100
specialization, 94
technological change, 16-17
see also industrial agriculture
Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology, 51
federal government
congressional advisory bodies on food and agriculture, 26-27
in extension system, 90-92, 94-96, 98
in food and agriculture education, 50-51
in food and agriculture research, 72-80
interpretation of regulations as extension activity, 89
justification for involvement of, 43-45
in LGCA system funding, 2, 9-11, 36
in LGCA system management, 1-2, 18-19
non-USDA agencies, 6, 8, 75, 92
oversight activities, 10-11
program evaluation, 42-43
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act, 19, 73
food stamp program, 23
foreign students, 48
formula funding
accountability, 75
current federal spending, 19, 73
for extension, 103
for integrative activities, 42
recommendations for, 9-10, 12, 33, 103
4-H clubs, 54
funding
accountability, 41-45
allocation, 2, 3-11, 14, 28-29, 40-41
for development of teaching practice, 5
oversight, 10-11
private sector research spending, 30
recommendations for federal contribution, 9-11, 33
recommendations for state contributions, 6, 81
USDA spending for colleges and universities, 50
see also competitive grants;
formula funding
G
genetic engineering. see biotechnology
geographic information systems, 55
Government Performance and Results Act, 42-43
Green Revolution, 69
H
Hatch Act of 1887, 1, 14, 16, 73
I
independent crop consultants, 97
industrial agriculture, 18
characteristics, 23
educational needs, 60
extension needs, 94
information management
Current Research Information System, 26, 73
integrated pest management, 96-97
intellectual property rights/patents, 23, 81, 82
inter- and multidisciplinary learning/research, 4, 5, 8, 35-36, 65 , 85
food and nutrition science, 101
international context
academic programs, 60
privatization of extension, 94
research needs, 69-70
internships, 60
J
Joint Council on Food and Agricultural Sciences, 26-27
L
land grant college of agriculture system
contextual analysis, 21
cooperation within, 5, 7-8, 32, 39
founding mandate, 1, 13-14, 46
historical development, 47
legislative history, 18-19
opportunities for improvement, 3-12
organizational structure, 1-2
rationale for teaching component, 46-50
smaller institutions, 32
stakeholder participation in, 3, 4, 25-28
unique features, 10-11
see also organizational structure of LGCA system
LGCA system. see land grant college of agriculture system
Lincoln University, 55
M
market characteristics
consumer behavior, 22
regional extension based on, 34-35
minority populations
agriculture student enrollment, 55-56
educational grants, 52
faculty demographics, 56-58
recommendations regarding, 7
Morrill Act
Morrill-Nelson Grants, 14 n.2, 50
Multicultural Scholars Program, 52
N
National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act, 18
National Agricultural Research and Extension Users Advisory Board, 27
National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges, 27-28
national economy, agricultural component of, 15, 16
National Initiative for Research in Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, 5, 19, 28, 75
National Institutes of Health, 2, 75, 78
national interest, 3
extension activities and, 11, 88-89
in food and agriculture education, 47-50
in food and agriculture research, 69-70
in food and agriculture system, 10-11, 15-17, 29
program evaluation in terms of, 41-45
stakeholder participation in food and agricultural system, 3, 25-28
New Mexico State University, vii
rationale, 31-33
O
organizational structure of LGCA system
current, 30
federal role, 18-19
federal-state partnership, 1-2, 14
integration of functions in, 4, 8-9, 37-41, 42, 91
intramural issues, 37
recommendations for new geography, 7-8, 30-33
for research, 73
role of colleges in, 11
stakeholder participation in, 3, 25-28
P
patents. see intellectual property rights/patents
population
world trends, 17
poverty, 23
private sector
independent crop consultants, 97
LGCA research funded by, trends in, 81
public partnerships for research, 81-82
research activities, 18, 29-30
role in extension system, 94-96
privatization
definition, 94
of extension activities, 11, 94-95
of research activities, 29-30
Project Sunrise, 61
public goods concept, 43-44
Purnell Act, 18
R
regional activities/approach
diversity in extension system, 103-104
market-based extension, 34-35
rationale, 33
rationale for federal involvement in extension, 90-91
recommendations for, 4, 7-8, 30-36
research resource allocation, 33
teaching practice, 34
research activities
adaptive, 71-72
as cascade of knowledge, 70, 71
consumer influence, 97
continuum, 70-72
dissemination of findings, 72
economic models, 16-17
at 1890 colleges, 80
evaluation of, 5, 10-11, 26, 41-45, 73
integration with extension and teaching activities, 37-41, 42, 89, 91
integrative, 70-71
intellectual property rights, 23, 81, 82
national interest in, 69-70
organizational structure, 73
private sector, 18
proposal writing, 83
recommendations for, 4, 29-30, 85-86
resource allocation, 25-26, 28, 32
students in, 40
USDA intramural, 14 n.1
Research and Marketing Act, 18
research funding
allocation mechanisms for competitive grants, 83-84
chunk grants, 83-84
federal role, 72-73
inter- and multidisciplinary, 85
percentage funding methods, 84
performance-based, 84
preproposal review method, 83
private-public partnerships, 81-82
USDA, 50
via checkoff funding, 82
S
small-business innovation research grants, 83
Smith-Lever Act of 1914, 1, 14, 98
South Dakota State University, 57
specialization
information needs of farmers, 94, 96
of research scientists, 38-39
state government
extension funding, 95
funding of 1890 colleges, 80, 81, 95
justification for involvement of, 45
LGCA system funding by, 2, 19, 80, 81
in LGCA system management, 1-2
multistate issues, 31
Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, 33
T
teaching
computer technology for, 34
encouraging innovation in, 5, 8, 65
faculty-student contacts, 58
federal grants for, 50-51
integration with extension and research activities, 37-39, 42
regional coordination, 34
science education through agriculture, 66
systems approach, 64
transdisciplinary program, 63
tuition and fees, 48
Tuskegee University, 1
U
University of California at Davis, 64, 67
University of California at Santa Cruz, 88
University of Connecticut, vi
University of Maryland, 63
University of Minnesota, 61
University of Nebraska, 61
University of Washington, 88
University of Wisconsin, 61
urban/suburban areas
agriculture student recruitment in, 54
extension activities, 94, 98-102
LGCA system and, 32-33
V
von Liebig, Justus, 16
W
W. K. Kellogg Foundation, 25, 61
