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The United States has maintained a stockpile of highly toxic chemical agents and munitions for more than half a century. In 1985, Congress, in Public Law 99-145, directed the Department of Defense to destroy at least 90 percent of the unitary chemical agent and munitions stockpile, with particular attention to M55 rockets, which were deteriorating and becoming increasingly hazardous. After setting several intermediate goals and dates, Congress, in the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 1993 (P.L. 102-484), dated October 23, 1992, directed the Army to dispose of the entire unitary chemical warfare agent and munitions stockpile by December 31, 2004.

In the 1970s, the Army had commissioned studies of different disposal technologies and tested several of them. In 1982, incineration was selected as the method of disposing of agents and associated propellants and explosives and of thermally decontaminating metal parts. In 1984, the National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Demilitarizing Chemical Munitions and Agents reviewed a range of disposal technologies and endorsed the Army's selection of incineration.

Incineration technology is embodied in today's base-line incineration system, which was developed largely at the Chemical Agent Munitions Disposal System (CAMDS) experimental facility at Tooele Army Depot, Utah. The first full-scale operational plant, the Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS), is now in service on Johnston Island in the Pacific Ocean southwest of Hawaii. Also, a second plant, the Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility (TOCDF), has been constructed at Tooele Army Depot and has recently undergone systemization (operational testing prior to the start of agent operations), using surrogates for agent to verify that the system and all components will work as designed.

The Committee on Review and Evaluation of the Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program (Stockpile Committee) was formed in 1987 at the request of the Undersecretary of the Army to monitor the Army's Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program (CSDP) and to review and comment on relevant technical issues. The Stockpile Committee is a standing committee, which will remain in service with rotating personnel until completion of the disposal program. The committee has monitored the development and implementation of the baseline system and has visited CAMDS numerous times, JACADS three times, and the TOCDF four times. The committee has also reviewed many reports and considerable technical information pre-pared by the government, government contractors, other agencies, interested civilian groups, and concerned individuals.

In 1993, the Stockpile Committee issued a letter report to the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Logistics and Environment recommending specific actions to further enhance the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program risk management process. In early 1994, the Stockpile Committee issued three major reports that included recommendations to the Army concerning changes or improvements to be made to the TOCDF prior to the start of agent operations. These reports are:

• Evaluation of the Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System Operational Verification Testing: Part II. (Part I was a short summary report issued in July 1993.)
• Review of Monitoring Activities Within the Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program.
• Recommendations for the Disposal of Chemical Agents and Munitions.

The present report continues the work of the four earlier reports by (1) addressing the completion of testing of certain secondary systems that had not been completely tested at JACADS, (2) reviewing the changes implemented by the Army in response to the Stockpile Committee's earlier recommendations pertaining to the Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility, and (3) providing an overview of the status of the facility at the end of the

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ACAMS

Automatic Continuous Air Monitoring System

ACS

Agent Collection System

AED

Atomic Emission Detector

AQS

Agent Quantification System

BDS

Bulk Drain Station

BRA

Brine Reduction Area

CAC

Citizens Advisory Commission

CAMDS

Chemical Agent Munitions Disposal System, Tooele, Utah

CDTF

Chemical Demilitarization Training Facility, Aberdeen, Maryland

CEM

Comprehensive Emergency Management (Utah Division of)

CEMS

Continuous Emission Monitoring System

CFR

Code of Federal Regulations

CHB

Container Handling Building

CPRP

Chemical Personnel Reliability Program

CSDP

Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program

CSEPP

Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program

DAAMS

Depot Area Air Monitoring System

DEQ

Department of Environmental Quality

DFS

Deactivation Furnace System

DoD

Department of Defense

DPE

Demilitarization Protective Ensemble

DRE

Destruction Removal Efficiency

dscm

Dry standard cubic meter

DSHW

Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste (Utah)

DUN

Dunnage Furnace

EG&G

Edgerton, Germerhausen and Grier, Inc.

ENVCP

Environmental Compliance Plan

EOC

Emergency Operations Center

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

EPZ

Emergency Planning Zone

ETA

Event Tree Analysis

FEMA

Federal Emergency Management Agency

FLLRT

Field Lessons Learned Review Team

FMEA

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

FPEIS

Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Study

FTA

Fault Tree Analysis

FTIR

Fourier Transform Infrared

GA

Tabun

GB

Sarin

GC/FPD

Gas Chromatograph with Flame Photometric Detector

GC/MSD

Gas Chromatograph with Mass Spectrometric Detector

H, HD, HT

Blister or Mustard Agents

HEPA

High-Efficiency Particulate Air

HVAC

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning

HWMU

Hazardous Waste Management Unit

ID

Induced Draft

IDLH

Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health

in.

inch

IRZ

Immediate Response Zone

JACADS

Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System

lb

pound

LIC

Liquid Incinerator

m³

cubic meter

mg

milligram

µg

microgram

MHz

Megahertz

min

minute

mm

millimeter

mM

millimolar

MPF

Metal Parts Furnace

ng/kg

nanogram per kilogram

NO_x

Nitrogen Oxides

NRC

National Research Council

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OTA

Office of Technology Assessment

OVT

Operational Verification Testing

PAS

Pollution Abatement System

PCB

Polychlorinated Biphenyl

PCDD/F

Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans

PIC

Product of Incomplete Combustion

PLL

Programmatic Lessons Learned

PMCD

Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization

PM-CSD

Project Manager for Chemical Stockpile Disposal

PMD

Projectile/Mortar Disassembly Machine

POD

Process Operational Diagram

POHC

Principal Organic Hazardous Constituent

PPE

Personal Protective Equipment

ppm

parts per million

QRA

Quantitative Risk Assessment

RAC

Risk Assessment Code

RCRA

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

RSM

Rocket Shear Machine

RMP

Risk Management Plan

s

second

SAIC

Science Applications International Corporation

SAR

Subject Area Review

SDS

Spent Decontamination System

SHA

Systems Hazard Analysis

SO_x

Sulfur Oxides

TOCDF

Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility

TSCA

Toxic Substances Control Act

TWA

Time-Weighted Average

USACDRA

U.S. Army Chemical Demilitarization and Remediation Activity

USACMDA

U.S. Army Chemical Material Destruction Agency

USATHAMA

U.S. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency

VX

Organophosphate Nerve Agent

3X

Three-X Level of Decontamination

5X

Five-X Level of Decontamination

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