Read "From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families" at NAP.edu

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

APPENDIX B
Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators

Page 212 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

TABLE B-1A Social and Economic Risk Factors for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin, for First and Second Generations Combined, and for Third- and Later-Generation Children by Race and Ethnicity: 1990

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in official poverty (percent)	Children in relative poverty (percent)	Children in middle-class comfort (percent)
All First and Second Generations	8,373	22	33	31
All Third and Later Generations	52,685	17	24	39
Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:
White, Non-Hispanic	40,201	11	17	42
Black, Non-Hispanic	8,031	40	51	25
Asian, Non-Hispanic	329	10	14	38
American Indian	562	38	51	24
Hispanic	3,489	31	42	31
First and Second Generations by Country of Origin:
Laos	113	51	65	16
Cambodia	64	46	62	19
Dominican Republic	179	42	55	24
USSR	62	36	42	23
Mexico	2,618	35	52	22
Thailand	69	33	42	29
Vietnam	226	31	42	29
Guatemala	101	30	46	24
Honduras	52	29	46	26
El Salvador	203	27	44	26
Nicaragua	74	27	43	28
Haiti	105	26	39	30
Jordan	19	25	35	31
Belize	16	23	31	35
Iraq	20	21	30	39
Ecuador	64	20	31	36

Page 213 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children very well-off financially (percent)	Children in one-parent families (percent)	Children whose fathers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)	Children who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)
19	17	39	42	8	26
22	26	15	16	4	1
26	18	12	12	4	0
9	62	26	29	10	0
37	25	7	9	6	1
7	40	28	29	10	4
11	42	30	35	8	9
2	15	54	73	35	60
4	26	57	76	18	60
5	48	49	55	5	41
26	10	20	18	5	46
4	19	74	74	14	38
16	13	34	56	17	42
13	19	39	54	11	45
7	28	56	61	5	43
8	31	42	44	5	34
5	31	61	65	6	46
8	27	34	40	8	43
10	36	38	43	8	34
14	7	25	31	13	10
12	29	29	29	6	4
17	5	32	42	10	16
14	24	34	35	3	29

Page 214 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in official poverty (percent)	Children in relative poverty (percent)	Children in middle-class comfort (percent)
Venezuela	22	20	25	37
Israel	60	19	25	31
Trinidad and Tobago	52	18	28	37
Colombia	117	17	27	37
Pakistan	39	16	23	36
Costa Rica	23	16	26	38
Panama	40	16	25	37
Brazil	31	16	24	39
Romania	26	15	22	32
Spain	27	15	21	39
Lebanon	36	15	23	34
Jamaica	132	15	25	37
Guyana	46	15	22	41
Nigeria	34	15	27	35
China	131	14	24	30
Indonesia	17	14	19	37
Iran	76	14	19	32
Cuba	211	14	22	38
Peru	61	13	25	37
Korea	231	12	19	38
Syria	15	12	21	33
Taiwan	97	11	15	33
Argentina	35	11	19	38
Yugoslavia	44	10	16	42
Hong Kong	56	10	16	33
Chile	21	10	18	37
Australia	18	10	16	32
Austria	21	9	14	41
France	41	9	13	34
Hungary	25	9	14	35
Egypt	29	9	15	36
Germany	258	8	14	40

Page 215 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children very well-off financially (percent)	Children in one-parent families (percent)	Children whose fathers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)	Children who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)
25	12	14	15	2	19
32	5	16	19	16	12
20	37	23	19	5	1
16	23	29	30	2	31
27	6	8	18	6	13
17	19	28	31	3	17
23	23	12	16	3	7
25	14	20	20	3	22
30	8	25	25	18	21
27	14	23	26	3	12
24	6	28	29	8	11
21	36	27	22	4	0
18	31	25	28	4	1
15	16	2	5	7	4
30	9	31	35	2	41
31	8	8	11	3	21
37	9	6	11	1	18
27	21	28	27	2	16
19	18	18	19	3	25
26	9	6	18	0	34
29	4	22	25	4	17
42	10	5	8	1	36
29	11	21	20	2	15
27	10	30	32	3	11
37	8	24	29	1	35
28	15	14	17	3	18
44	9	8	11	7	1
38	8	8	8	10	2
41	11	9	9	5	6
39	9	14	13	9	10
39	6	4	8	5	10
32	11	8	11	3	2

Page 216 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in official poverty (percent)	Children in relative poverty (percent)	Children in middle-class comfort (percent)
Greece	68	8	16	42
Japan	100	8	12	37
Barbados	15	8	16	47
Poland	80	7	12	45
Turkey	15	7	13	32
Italy	179	6	11	45
Portugal	77	6	11	51
United Kingdom	209	6	10	38
Canada	263	6	11	39
South Africa	15	6	10	25
Netherlands	38	5	11	39
India	175	5	9	35
Philippines	399	5	10	45
Ireland	44	4	7	41
Note: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generation combined. Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Page 217 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children very well-off financially (percent)	Children in one parent families (percent)	Children whose fathers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)	Children who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)
25	6	39	32	1	12
41	7	4	7	1	28
21	39	25	21	8	0
32	10	19	15	1	22
38	8	18	18	2	11
30	6	34	29	2	7
22	8	61	58	1	23
41	10	6	9	3	0
39	9	10	10	5	1
57	5	2	7	1	1
38	7	7	6	6	1
47	4	7	12	1	11
32	12	8	13	3	9
39	8	15	14	4	0

Page 218 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

TABLE B-1B Household and Housing Risk Factors for First- and Second Generation Children by Country of Origin, for First and Second Generations Combined, and for Third- and Later-Generation Children by Race and Ethnicity: 1990

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in households with no car or truck (percent)
All First and Second Generations	8,373	11
All Third and Later Generations	52,685	8
Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:
White, Non-Hispanic	40,201	3
Black, Non-Hispanic	8,031	30
Asian, Non-Hispanic	329	4
American Indian	562	14
Hispanic	3,489	17
First and Second Generations by Country of Origin:
Laos	113	17
Cambodia	64	29
Dominican Republic	179	54
USSR	62	23
Mexico	2,618	10
Thailand	69	15
Vietnam	226	13
Guatemala	101	18
Honduras	52	22
El Salvador	203	15
Nicaragua	74	13
Haiti	105	24
Jordan	19	8
Belize	16	19
Iraq	20	4
Ecuador	64	24
Venezuela	22	6
Israel	60	13
Trinidad and Tobago	52	29
Colombia	117	13
Pakistan	39	7
Costa Rica	23	14

Page 219 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children with no telephone in their homes (percent)	Children living in houses built before 1950 (percent)	Children in crowded homes (percent)
7	24	44
8	24	12
5	23	7
18	27	26
3	18	21
32	17	34
15	25	30
4	28	78
4	31	74
19	50	52
2	32	40
15	23	69
3	24	49
1	19	58
9	33	67
9	26	56
8	29	75
10	24	71
10	33	53
2	23	31
7	35	44
1	17	34
8	41	43
4	18	30
1	28	27
7	39	30
6	27	42
2	17	35
4	28	33

Page 220 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in households with no car or truck (percent)
Panama	40	16
Brazil	31	7
Romania	26	8
Spain	27	8
Lebanon	36	4
Jamaica	132	22
Guyana	46	30
Nigeria	34	10
China	131	18
Indonesia	17	4
Iran	76	4
Cuba	211	6
Peru	61	11
Korea	231	3
Syria	15	2
Taiwan	97	3
Argentina	35	6
Yugoslavia	44	6
Hong Kong	56	9
Chile	21	6
Australia	18	5
Austria	21	5
France	41	5
Hungary	25	8
Egypt	29	4
Germany	258	3
Greece	68	4
Japan	100	3
Barbados	15	29
Poland	80	5
Turkey	15	4
Italy	179	4
Portugal	77	4
United Kingdom	209	3
Canada	263	2

Page 221 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children with no telephone in their homes (percent)	Children living in houses built before 1950 (percent)	Children in crowded homes (percent)
6	25	25
2	24	24
2	32	31
3	28	20
2	26	20
5	30	29
4	40	36
3	18	50
1	33	39
1	16	29
1	12	21
3	17	28
4	26	36
1	13	33
0	20	23
0	11	24
2	20	24
1	31	16
1	26	34
2	21	28
0	23	9
0	27	11
1	29	11
2	26	14
1	24	20
3	22	8
1	26	9
1	15	12
4	41	22
1	32	10
1	22	16
1	31	7
2	43	14
2	22	7
2	20	8

Page 222 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in households with no car or truck (percent)
South Africa	15	4
Netherlands	38	2
India	175	5
Philippines	399	3
Ireland	44	4
NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generation combined. Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Page 223 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children with no telephone in their homes (percent)	Children living in houses built before 1950 (percent)	Children in crowded homes (percent)
1	20	7
1	23	8
1	13	24
1	15	38
1	38	8

Page 224 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

TABLE B-1C Parents' Labor Force Participation for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin, for First and Second Generations Combined, and for Third- and Later-Generation Children by Race and Ethnicity: 1990

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers not in the labor force (percent)	Children with fathers not working full-time, year-round (percent)	Children with mothers not in the labor force (percent)
All First and Second Generations	8,373	7	31	42
All Third and Later Generations	52,685	5	21	34
Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:
White, Non-Hispanic	40,201	4	19	34
Black, Non-Hispanic	8,031	11	34	33
Asian, Non-Hispanic	329	4	18	29
American Indian	562	14	46	40
Hispanic	3,489	8	30	43
First and Second Generations by Country of Origin:
Laos	113	48	68	66
Cambodia	64	41	60	65
Dominican Republic	179	11	38	52
USSR	62	21	54	46
Mexico	2,618	7	38	50
Thailand	69	30	46	53
Vietnam	226	19	42	46
Guatemala	101	5	31	41
Honduras	52	8	37	41
El Salvador	203	5	32	34
Nicaragua	74	5	32	31
Haiti	105	8	36	22
Jordan	19	11	30	68
Belize	16	9	33	31
Iraq	20	10	30	61
Ecuador	64	4	30	39
Venezuela	22	8	28	47
Israel	60	7	26	54
Trinidad and Tobago	52	8	34	25

Page 225 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children not working not in the labor force (percent)	Children with fathers with mothers full-time, year-round (percent)	Children not in the labor force (percent)
Colombia	117	4	28	38
Pakistan	39	4	26	60
Costa Rica	23	8	31	38
Panama	40	6	27	29
Brazil	31	6	28	47
Romania	26	9	26	46
Spain	27	5	26	40
Lebanon	36	9	27	61
Jamaica	132	6	29	17
Guyana	46	6	28	26
Nigeria	34	6	38	26
China	131	5	27	31
Indonesia	17	10	29	41
Iran	76	8	28	46
Cuba	211	4	22	34
Peru	61	4	27	35
Korea	231	6	26	39
Syria	15	8	32	58
Taiwan	97	6	23	40
Argentina	35	3	21	44
Yugoslavia	44	6	26	42
Hong Kong	56	6	21	31
Chile	21	3	19	38
Australia	18	4	16	49
Austria	21	4	19	35
France	41	3	20	43
Hungary	25	5	20	41
Egypt	29	4	23	42
Germany	258	3	18	37
Greece	68	6	26	46
Japan	100	4	20	58
Barbados	15	5	23	20
Poland	80	4	21	34
Turkey	15	4	20	48

Page 226 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers not in the labor force (percent)	Children with fathers not working full-time, year-round (percent)	Children with mothers not in the labor force (percent)
Italy	179	5	21	47
Portugal	77	5	27	29
United Kingdom	209	3	17	38
Canada	263	3	18	38
South Africa	15	4	17	48
Netherlands	38	2	14	39
India	175	2	19	35
Philippines	399	5	22	18
Ireland	44	4	18	42
NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generation combined. Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Page 227 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

TABLE B-1D Parents' Education for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin, for First and Second Generations Combined, and for Third- and Later-Generation Children by Race and Ethnicity: 1990

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)	Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education percent)	Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education percent)	Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education percent)
All First and Second Generations	8,373	25	26	24	16
All Third and Later Generations	52,685	3	3	26	18
Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:
White, Non-Hispanic	40,201	3	2	28	20
Black, Non-Hispanic	8,031	6	4	12	9
Asian, Non-Hispanic	329	1	1	40	31
American Indian	562	8	6	9	7
Hispanic	3,489	9	10	12	7
First and Second Generations by Country of Origin:
Laos	113	41	60	7	3
Cambodia	64	42	60	6	2
Dominican Republic	179	27	30	9	5
USSR	62	8	6	41	36
Mexico	2,618	55	52	4	2
Thailand	69	25	45	24	13
Vietnam	226	21	32	18	8
Guatemala	101	35	38	9	5
Honduras	52	23	24	13	7
El Salvador	203	37	40	6	4
Nicaragua	74	17	17	21	11
Haiti	105	14	17	14	10
Jordan	19	11	12	29	11
Belize	16	10	7	14	7
Iraq	20	13	21	25	16

Page 228 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)	Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education percent)	Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education percent)	Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education percent)
Ecuador	64	14	13	18	9
Venezuela	22	6	5	45	28
Israel	60	5	6	41	32
Trinidad and Tobago	52	7	5	18	12
Colombia	117	11	12	22	13
Pakistan	39	3	8	65	41
Costa Rica	23	11	12	20	13
Panama	40	2	3	26	17
Brazil	31	9	10	40	29
Romania	26	9	10	38	31
Spain	27	12	12	29	19
Lebanon	36	14	12	35	21
Jamaica	132	8	5	19	15
Guyana	46	6	8	23	12
Nigeria	34	0	2	80	45
China	131	18	20	39	28
Indonesia	17	2	4	54	34
Iran	76	2	3	68	39
Cuba	211	12	9	25	16
Peru	61	5	6	29	17
Korea	231	2	7	43	28
Syria	15	10	11	41	19
Taiwan	97	3	4	73	52
Argentina	35	9	7	34	25
Yugoslavia	44	18	19	18	14
Hong Kong	56	13	14	43	30
Chile	21	5	5	33	22
Australia	18	3	1	50	33
Austria	21	2	1	45	37
France	41	4	2	49	36
Hungary	25	6	3	39	29
Egypt	29	1	2	67	44
Germany	258	2	2	35	22

Page 229 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)	Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education percent)	Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education percent)	Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education percent)
Greece	68	23	19	21	17
Japan	100	2	2	55	32
Barbados	15	8	4	18	14
Poland	80	7	5	30	23
Turkey	15	10	9	41	32
Italy	179	19	16	19	14
Portugal	77	43	39	7	5
United Kingdom	209	1	1	43	26
Canada	263	3	2	40	26
South Africa	15	0	1	68	40
Netherlands	38	2	1	41	26
India	175	2	4	76	59
Philippines	399	3	6	39	46
Ireland	44	5	3	31	19
NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generation combined. Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Page 230 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

TABLE B-1E Children's Language Use and Citizenship for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin, for First and Second Generations Combined, and for Third- and Later-Generation Children by Race and Ethnicity: 1990

	Number of children (thousands)	Children who do not speak English at home (percent)
All First and Second Generations	8,373	67
All Third and Later Generations	52,685	6
Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:
White, Non-Hispanic	40,201	3
Black, Non-Hispanic	8,031	3
Asian, Non-Hispanic	329	8
American Indian	562	18
Hispanic	3,489	43
First and Second Generations by Country of Origin:
Laos	113	96
Cambodia	64	93
Dominican Republic	179	93
USSR	62	84
Mexico	2,618	91
Thailand	69	66
Vietnam	226	87
Guatemala	101	90
Honduras	52	79
El Salvador	203	94
Nicaragua	74	89
Haiti	105	75
Jordan	19	62
Belize	16	18
Iraq	20	69
Ecuador	64	85
Venezuela	22	70
Israel	60	65
Trinidad and Tobago	52	6
Colombia	117	84
Pakistan	39	72

Page 231 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children who do not speak English exclusively or very well (percent)	Children not U.S. citizens (percent)	Children who are not U.S. citizens, or who have at least 1 parent in the home who is not a citizen (percent)
27	21	65
2	N/A	N/A
1	N/A	N/A
1	N/A	N/A
3	N/A	N/A
7	N/A	N/A
15	N/A	N/A
61	39	89
59	42	85
39	23	73
45	51	62
40	21	78
39	48	75
44	34	63
40	31	81
31	29	73
44	34	83
46	51	83
29	22	75
11	9	38
5	16	72
11	12	44
24	17	76
23	31	76
19	18	42
1	18	71
23	21	70
19	20	55

Page 232 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children who do not speak English at home (percent)
Costa Rica	23	68
Panama	40	42
Brazil	31	67
Romania	26	73
Spain	27	64
Lebanon	36	71
Jamaica	132	6
Guyana	46	7
Nigeria	34	23
China	131	81
Indonesia	17	41
Iran	76	68
Cuba	211	81
Peru	61	81
Korea	231	65
Syria	15	61
Taiwan	97	80
Argentina	35	69
Yugoslavia	44	61
Hong Kong	56	79
Chile	21	74
Australia	18	13
Austria	21	26
France	41	46
Hungary	25	43
Egypt	29	56
Germany	258	18
Greece	68	70
Japan	100	54
Barbados	15	3
Poland	80	66
Turkey	15	55
Italy	179	37
Portugal	77	75
United Kingdom	209	7

Page 233 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children who do not speak English exclusively or very well (percent)	Children not U.S. citizens (percent)	Children who are not U.S. citizens, or who have at least 1 parent in the home who is not a citizen (percent)
18	16	68
13	12	48
25	28	76
23	33	47
15	17	65
16	15	40
2	24	66
2	31	62
7	12	82
36	22	46
18	23	50
20	28	67
18	11	47
26	26	67
23	23	55
15	12	43
28	27	52
7	24	60
10	9	44
35	24	39
17	19	64
3	18	76
9	4	29
10	15	56
13	9	27
13	10	34
4	5	36
11	3	36
29	31	73
1	17	58
15	18	54
8	15	51
8	3	39
16	14	63
2	13	64

Page 234 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children who do not speak English at home (percent)
Canada	263	11
South Africa	15	12
Netherlands	38	13
India	175	63
Philippines	399	35
Ireland	44	5
NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generation combined. Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Page 235 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children who do not speak English exclusively or very well (percent)	Children not U.S. citizens (percent)	Children who are not U.S. citizens, or who have at least 1 parent in the home who is not a citizen (percent)
3	11	62
3	30	58
3	5	43
14	22	68
11	15	44
1	8	48

Page 236 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

TABLE B-2A Social and Economic Risk Factors for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin for First and Second Generations Separately: 1990

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in official poverty (percent)	Children in relative poverty (percent)	Children in middle-class comfort (percent)
All First-Generation Children	2,084	33	47	24
All Second-Generation Children	6,288	19	29	33
Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:
White, Non-Hispanic	40,201	11	17	42
Black, Non-Hispanic	8,031	40	51	25
Asian, Non-Hispanic	329	10	14	38
American Indian	562	38	51	24
Hispanic	3,489	31	42	31
First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin:
Laos - 1st Generation	49	51	64	16
Laos - 2nd Generation	64	50	65	15
Cambodia - 1st Generation	30	52	68	14
Cambodia - 2nd Generation	34	41	57	23
Dominican Republic - 1st Generation	48	41	57	21
Dominican Republic - 2nd Generation	131	42	54	25
USSR - 1st Generation	38	51	60	17
USSR - 2nd Generation	24	11	14	32
Mexico - 1st Generation	643	44	63	14
Mexico - 2nd Generation	1,975	32	49	24
Thailand - 1st Generation	36	59	73	12
Thailand - 2nd Generation	33	5	10	46
Vietnam - 1st Generation	99	42	54	23
Vietnam - 2nd Generation	33	23	32	35
Guatemala - 1st Generation	35	36	54	19
Guatemala - 2nd Generation	66	27	42	27

Page 237 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children very well-off financially (percent)	Children in one-parent families (percent)	Children whose fathers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)	Children who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)
11	23	49	54	17	41
21	15	36	38	9	21
26	18	12	12	4	0
9	62	26	29	10	0
37	25	7	9	6	1
7	40	28	29	10	4
11	42	30	35	8	9
1	17	60	75	29	55
2	13	50	72	39	63
3	27	65	80	19	58
6	25	50	73	17	63
2	51	63	65	6	49
7	47	44	52	4	38
14	11	26	23	7	64
45	10	11	10	2	19
2	23	83	85	19	52
5	18	71	71	12	33
3	16	63	76	33	67
29	9	6	36	1	15
7	23	51	64	15	46
19	15	30	47	9	44
3	32	66	73	6	53
9	26	52	55	5	38

Page 238 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in official poverty (percent)	Children in relative poverty (percent)	Children in middle-class comfort (percent)
Honduras - 1st Generation	17	37	59	19
Honduras - 2nd Generation	35	25	40	29
El Salvador - 1st Generation	77	32	50	21
El Salvador - 2nd Generation	126	25	41	29
Nicaragua - 1st Generation	39	36	55	20
Nicaragua - 2nd Generation	35	18	29	37
Haiti - 1st Generation	28	30	49	25
Haiti - 2nd Generation	77	24	36	32
Jordan - 1st Generation	2	47	54	26
Jordan - 2nd Generation	17	22	33	31
Belize - 1st Gen.	3	23	39	30
Belize - 2nd Gen.	12	23	28	36
Iraq - 1st Generation	4	34	46	34
Iraq - 2nd Generation	17	19	27	40
Ecuador - 1st Generation	12	26	40	30
Ecuador - 2nd Generation	52	19	28	38
Venezuela - 1st Generation	8	33	39	27
Venezuela - 2nd Generation	15	13	18	41
Israel - 1st Generation	13	23	30	35
Israel - 2nd Generation	46	18	24	30
Trinidad and Tobago - 1st Generation	12	30	43	27
Trinidad and Tobago - 2nd Generation	41	14	23	39
Colombia - 1st Generation	29	19	34	33
Colombia - 2nd Generation	88	16	24	39
Pakistan - 1st Generation	11	24	34	32
Pakistan - 2nd Generation	28	13	18	38
Costa Rica - 1st Generation	4	29	40	36
Costa Rica - 2nd Generation	19	14	23	38
Panama - 1st Generation	6	27	39	39
Panama - 2nd Generation	33	15	23	36
Brazil - 1st Generation	9	21	35	33
Brazil - 2nd Generation	21	13	20	42

Page 239 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children very well-off financially (percent)	Children in one-parent families (percent)	Children whose fathers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)	Children who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)
2	41	49	56	8	49
10	27	39	39	3	26
3	36	69	75	8	48
7	29	57	60	5	45
3	30	40	46	11	54
14	24	28	34	5	30
5	39	49	57	10	39
12	35	35	38	8	32
8	16	36	40	11	23
15	6	24	30	13	8
11	34	40	42	6	10
13	27	26	26	6	3
10	6	46	59	14	14
18	5	29	38	9	16
7	32	43	49	4	42
16	22	32	32	3	26
15	19	21	23	2	36
30	9	10	12	2	10
23	7	15	17	12	22
35	5	17	20	18	9
10	46	37	33	4	2
-23	35	20	16	5	0
9	32	34	42	3	44
18	21	27	27	1	27
13	10	10	20	6	21
32	4	7	17	6	10
6	26	41	36	5	34
20	17	26	30	2	14
9	34	15	22	3	19
26	21	11	14	2	5
16	19	24	23	2	45
29	12	18	19	4	11

Page 240 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in official poverty (percent)	Children in relative poverty (percent)	Children in middle-class comfort (percent)
Romania - 1st Generation	11	18	27	33
Romania - 2nd Generation	15	13	18	31
Spain - 1st Generation	6	37	47	28
Spain - 2nd Generation	22	9	15	42
Lebanon - 1st Generation	8	25	39	22
Lebanon - 2nd Generation	28	12	18	37
Jamaica - 1st Generation	40	18	30	36
Jamaica - 2nd Generation	92	14	23	37
Guyana - 1st Generation	18	18	28	38
Guyana - 2nd Generation	28	13	19	43
Nigeria - 1st Generation	5	28	37	29
Nigeria - 2nd Generation	29	13	25	36
China - 1st Generation	34	25	42	28
China - 2nd Generation	97	10	18	30
Indonesia - 1st Generation	4	45	50	22
Indonesia - 2nd Generation	13	4	9	43
Iran - 1st Generation	24	27	34	29
Iran - 2nd Generation	52	8	12	33
Cuba - 1st Generation	27	27	40	30
Cuba - 2nd Generation	184	13	19	39
Peru - 1st Generation	18	22	39	27
Peru - 2nd Generation	43	10	19	41
Korea - 1st Generation	67	20	29	33
Korea - 2nd Generation	163	9	15	40
Syria - 1st Generation	2	28	41	41
Syria - 2nd Generation	13	9	18	31
Taiwan - 1st Generation	32	19	26	35
Taiwan - 2nd Generation	65	7	10	31
Argentina - 1st Generation	10	18	32	30
Argentina - 2nd Generation	26	9	14	41
Yugoslavia - 1st Generation	5	12	19	44
Yugoslavia - 2nd Generation	39	10	15	42

Page 241 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children very well-off financially (percent)	fathers Children in one-parent families (percent)	Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children whose have less than a high school education (percent)	Children Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)	who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)
21	9	32	32	19	34
36	7	21	21	17	13
12	19	43	43	3	29
31	12	20	23	3	8
18	11	47	47	8	21
26	5	23	24	8	9
13	44	37	31	5	0
25	33	24	18	4	0
10	36	38	40	5	2
23	28	17	21	4	1
7	22	4	8	16	7
16	15	2	5	6	4
9	10	45	53	3	59
37	9	26	28	1	35
12	15	20	29	3	48
38	6	5	6	3	11
24	14	13	19	1	34
43	6	3	7	1	10
9	25	60	60	2	39
29	21	24	22	2	13
12	21	19	23	3	42
22	16	18	18	2	19
19	11	12	18	0	48
29	9	4	18	0	28
4	5	32	39	4	40
34	4	20	22	4	12
24	17	9	13	1	47
51	6	3	6	1	31
18	13	32	32	1	32
33	10	17	15	3	9
19	11	31	35	3	27
28	10	30	31	3	9

Page 242 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in official poverty (percent)	Children in relative poverty (percent)	Children in middle-class comfort (percent)
Hong Kong - 1st Generation	17	26	35	31
Hong Kong - 2nd Generation	39	3	8	35
Chile - 1st Generation	5	19	28	33
Chile - 2nd Generation	17	8	15	38
Australia - 1st Generation	3	13	17	27
Australia - 2nd Generation	14	10	16	33
Austria - 1st Generation	1	33	42	30
Austria - 2nd Generation	20	7	12	42
France - 1st Generation	7	11	14	30
France - 2nd Generation	34	8	13	35
Hungary - 1st Generation	3	17	20	33
Hungary - 2nd Generation	22	8	13	35
Egypt - 1st Generation	5	20	29	42
Egypt - 2nd Generation	25	7	12	35
Germany - 1st Generation	16	25	32	31
Germany - 2nd Generation	243	7	12	41
Greece - 1st Generation	3	16	24	44
Greece - 2nd Generation	65	8	15	42
Japan - 1st Generation	32	11	13	26
Japan - 2nd Generation	68	6	11	41
Barbados - 1st Generation	3	6	25	36
Barbados - 2nd Generation	11	8	14	51
Poland - 1st Generation	18	14	22	42
Poland - 2nd Generation	62	5	9	45
Turkey - 1st Generation	3	11	23	20
Turkey - 2nd Generation	12	6	11	35
Italy - 1st Generation	8	14	20	36
Italy - 2nd Generation	171	6	11	45
Portugal - 1st Generation	14	11	17	50
Portugal - 2nd Generation	64	5	10	51
United Kingdom - 1st Generation	31	10	13	31
United Kingdom - 2nd Generation	178	5	9	39

Page 243 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children very well-off financially (percent)	Children in one-parent families (percent)	Children whose fathers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)	Children who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)
14	15	49	57	3	54
47	5	14	17	1	26
17	18	21	28	0	37
31	14	13	14	4	12
45	11	9	14	2	3
43	9	8	10	9	1
13	18	23	26	16	24
40	7	7	7	10	0
48	11	10	14	1	24
39	11	9	9	5	3
26	8	18	21	13	37
41	9	14	12	8	6
19	12	5	10	4	27
43	5	4	8	5	7
25	22	10	18	4	11
33	11	8	10	3	1
17	10	45	51	0	33
26	6	39	31	1	11
52	3	3	4	1	63
36	9	5	8	1	12
13	54	33	35	7	0
24	35	24	17	8	0
23	15	18	15	1	44
35	8	19	15	1	16
36	4	18	23	0	16
38	9	18	17	2	9
25	10	45	48	4	23
30	6	34	28	2	6
14	12	82	83	2	37
24	7	56	53	1	20
45	16	8	15	1	2
41	9	6	8	3	0

Page 244 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in official poverty (percent)	Children in relative poverty (percent)	Children in middle-class comfort (percent)
Canada - 1st Generation	33	9	14	31
Canada - 2nd Generation	230	6	11	40
South Africa - 1st Generation	5	7	11	23
South Africa - 2nd Generation	10	6	9	27
Netherlands - 1st Generation	2	14	19	24
Netherlands - 2nd Generation	36	5	11	40
India - 1st Generation	45	10	17	39
India - 2nd Generation	130	3	6	33
Philippines - 1st Generation	83	9	15	48
Philippines - 2nd Generation	316	4	8	44
Ireland - 1st Generation	4	12	14	38
Ireland - 2nd Generation	40	4	7	42
NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generations combined. Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Page 245 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children very well-off financially (percent)	Children in one-parent families (percent)	Children whose fathers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)	Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)	Children who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)
47	12	11	13	2	5
38	8	11	10	5	1
58	7	1	6	1	2
56	5	2	8	1	0
42	18	5	7	3	3
38	7	7	6	6	1
27	13	5	23	1	18
53	5	95	8	1	9
20	12	88	15	6	16
35	7	93	13	2	7
26	24	76	23	7	3
41	14	86	13	4	0

Page 246 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

TABLE B-2B Household and Housing Risk Factors for First- and Second Generation Children by Country of Origin for First and Second Generations Separately: 1990

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in households with no car or truck (percent)
All First-Generation Children	2,084	17
All Second-Generation Children	6,288	9
Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:
White, Non-Hispanic	40,201	3
Black, Non-Hispanic	8,031	30
Asian, Non-Hispanic	329	4
American Indian	562	14
Hispanic	3,489	17
First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin:
Laos - 1st Generation	49	18
Laos - 2nd Generation	64	17
Cambodia - 1st Generation	30	32
Cambodia - 2nd Generation	34	27
Dominican Republic - 1st Generation	48	60
Dominican Republic - 2nd Generation	131	51
USSR - 1st Generation	38	32
USSR - 2nd Generation	24	8
Mexico - 1st Generation	643	15
Mexico - 2nd Generation	1,975	8
Thailand - 1st Generation	36	27
Thailand - 2nd Generation	33	2
Vietnam - 1st Generation	99	18
Vietnam - 2nd Generation	33	10
Guatemala - 1st Generation	35	20
Guatemala - 2nd Generation	66	17
Honduras - 1st Generation	17	26
Honduras - 2nd Generation	35	21
El Salvador - 1st Generation	77	16
El Salvador - 2nd Generation	126	15
Nicaragua - 1st Generation	39	17
Nicaragua - 2nd Generation	35	8

Page 247 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children with no telephone in their homes (percent)	Children living in houses built before 1950 (percent)	Children in crowded homes (percent)
10	26	62
6	24	38
5	23	7
18	27	26
3	18	21
32	17	34
15	25	30
4	29	78
4	27	79
5	31	76
4	30	73
22	49	63
18	51	48
3	35	54
0	28	17
21	24	83
13	23	64
4	34	79
1	14	16
2	21	67
1	17	50
10	32	79
8	34	61
12	27	71
8	25	49
8	28	82
7	30	71
13	25	84
6	22	57

Page 248 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in households with no car or truck (percent)
Haiti - 1st Generation	28	30
Haiti - 2nd Generation	77	21
Jordan - 1st Generation	2	15
Jordan - 2nd Generation	17	7
Belize - 1st Gen.	3	33
Belize - 2nd Gen.	12	16
Iraq - 1st Generation	4	10
Iraq - 2nd Generation	17	3
Ecuador - 1st Generation	12	34
Ecuador - 2nd Generation	52	22
Venezuela - 1st Generation	8	11
Venezuela - 2nd Generation	15	4
Israel - 1st Generation	13	11
Israel - 2nd Generation	46	13
Trinidad and Tobago - 1st Generation	12	40
Trinidad and Tobago - 2nd Generation	41	25
Colombia - 1st Generation	29	17
Colombia - 2nd Generation	88	11
Pakistan - 1st Generation	11	10
Pakistan - 2nd Generation	28	6
Costa Rica - 1st Generation	4	18
Costa Rica - 2nd Generation	19	13
Panama - 1st Generation	6	25
Panama - 2nd Generation	33	15
Brazil - 1st Generation	9	10
Brazil - 2nd Generation	21	6
Romania - 1st Generation	11	10
Romania - 2nd Generation	15	7
Spain - 1st Generation	6	10
Spain - 2nd Generation	22	7
Lebanon - 1st Generation	8	9
Lebanon - 2nd Generation	28	3
Jamaica - 1st Generation	40	29
Jamaica - 2nd Generation	92	19
Guyana - 1st Generation	18	42
Guyana - 2nd Generation	28	23
Nigeria - 1st Generation	5	19
Nigeria - 2nd Generation	29	9

Page 249 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children with no telephone in their homes (percent)	Children living in houses built before 1950 (percent)	Children in crowded homes (percent)
13	34	68
9	33	47
9	15	46
1	24	29
7	35	59
6	35	40
3	31	47
1	14	31
11	46	60
7	40	39
4	21	50
5	16	20
2	25	32
1	29	26
9	45	43
6	37	26
9	29	59
5	26	36
2	20	49
2	16	29
11	22	52
3	30	28
3	28	46
7	25	22
2	24	38
3	25	18
5	37	41
0	29	23
4	31	31
3	27	17
1	32	34
2	24	16
5	33	39
5	28	25
3	46	49
5	36	28
4	18	62
3	18	48

Page 250 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in households with no car or truck (percent)
China - 1st Generation	34	36
China - 2nd Generation	97	12
Indonesia - 1st Generation	4	11
Indonesia - 2nd Generation	13	2
Iran - 1st Generation	24	8
Iran - 2nd Generation	52	3
Cuba - 1st Generation	27	12
Cuba - 2nd Generation	184	6
Peru - 1st Generation	18	13
Peru - 2nd Generation	43	10
Korea - 1st Generation	67	5
Korea - 2nd Generation	163	2
Syria - 1st Generation	2	6
Syria - 2nd Generation	13	2
Taiwan - 1st Generation	32	4
Taiwan - 2nd Generation	65	2
Argentina - 1st Generation	10	6
Argentina - 2nd Generation	26	6
Yugoslavia - 1st Generation	5	13
Yugoslavia - 2nd Generation	39	5
Hong Kong - 1st Generation	17	19
Hong Kong - 2nd Generation	39	5
Chile - 1st Generation	5	8
Chile - 2nd Generation	17	5
Australia - 1st Generation	3	6
Australia - 2nd Generation	14	5
Austria - 1st Generation	1	20
Austria - 2nd Generation	20	4
France - 1st Generation	7	5
France - 2nd Generation	34	5
Hungary - 1st Generation	3	16
Hungary - 2nd Generation	22	7
Egypt - 1st Generation	5	7
Egypt - 2nd Generation	25	3
Germany - 1st Generation	16	5
Germany - 2nd Generation	243	3

Page 251 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children with no telephone in their homes (percent)	Children living in houses built before 1950 (percent)	Children in crowded homes (percent)
2	41	59
1	30	32
2	11	53
1	17	21
1	13	38
1	12	14
4	18	48
3	17	25
4	26	53
4	27	29
1	15	49
1	12	27
0	25	42
0	19	19
0	13	34
0	10	19
3	15	35
2	22	20
4	39	38
1	30	14
1	33	57
0	23	24
3	27	37
1	19	26
1	17	9
0	24	9
0	29	35
0	27	10
2	21	11
1	30	11
2	27	33
2	25	12
2	24	35
1	24	17
3	19	17
3	22	7

Page 252 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children in households with no car or truck (percent)
Greece - 1st Generation	3	7
Greece - 2nd Generation	65	3
Japan - 1st Generation	32	2
Japan - 2nd Generation	68	3
Barbados - 1st Generation	3	38
Barbados - 2nd Generation	11	26
Poland - 1st Generation	18	9
Poland - 2nd Generation	62	4
Turkey - 1st Generation	3	6
Turkey - 2nd Generation	12	4
Italy - 1st Generation	8	13
Italy - 2nd Generation	171	3
Portugal - 1st Generation	14	9
Portugal - 2nd Generation	64	3
United Kingdom - 1st Generation	31	5
United Kingdom - 2nd Generation	178	3
Canada - 1st Generation	33	3
Canada - 2nd Generation	230	2
South Africa - 1st Generation	5	2
South Africa - 2nd Generation	10	5
Netherlands - 1st Generation	2	7
Netherlands - 2nd Generation	36	1
India - 1st Generation	45	11
India - 2nd Generation	130	3
Philippines - 1st Generation	83	5
Philippines - 2nd Generation	316	2
Ireland - 1st Generation	4	7
Ireland - 2nd Generation	40	4
NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generations combined. Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Page 253 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children with no telephone in their homes (percent)	Children living in houses built before 1950 (percent)	Children in crowded homes (percent)
2	36	15
1	26	9
0	13	14
2	16	12
3	65	39
4	34	16
1	38	19
1	30	8
1	25	20
2	22	16
3	35	18
1	31	6
2	53	23
1	41	12
1	17	11
2	23	7
1	13	12
2	21	7
0	14	10
1	23	6
1	11	9
1	23	8
1	20	42
0	11	18
1	20	58
1	14	33
3	29	15
1	39	7

Page 254 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

TABLE B-2C Parents' Labor Force Participation for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin for First and Second Generations Separately: 1990

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers not in the labor force (percent)	Children with fathers not working full-time, year-round (percent)	Children with mothers not in the labor force (percent)
All First-Generation Children	2,084	12	41	45
All Second-Generation Children	6,288	6	28	41
Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:
White, Non-Hispanic	40,201	4	19	34
Black, Non-Hispanic	8,031	11	34	33
Asian, Non-Hispanic	329	4	18	29
American Indian	562	14	46	40
Hispanic	3,489	8	30	43
First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin:
Laos - 1st Generation	49	51	68	64
Laos - 2nd Generation	64	46	68	67
Cambodia - 1st Generation	30	51	69	70
Cambodia - 2nd Generation	34	34	53	62
Dominican Republic 1st Generation	48	12	40	45
Dominican Republic 2nd Generation	131	10	38	54
USSR - 1st Generation	38	31	75	53
USSR - 2nd Generation	24	5	21	34
Mexico - 1st Generation	643	7	43	50
Mexico - 2nd Generation	1,975	7	37	50
Thailand - 1st Generation	36	58	73	74
Thailand - 2nd Generation	33	4	21	32
Vietnam - 1st Generation	99	30	57	52
Vietnam - 2nd Generation	33	11	33	42
Guatemala - 1st Generation	35	6	32	36
Guatemala - 2nd Generation	66	5	31	44
Honduras - 1st Generation	17	10	42	38
Honduras - 2nd Generation	35	8	35	43

Page 255 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers not in the labor force (percent)	Children with fathers not working full-time, year-round (percent)	Children with mothers not in the labor force (percent)
El Salvador - 1st Generation	77	3	35	30
El Salvador - 2nd Generation	126	5	31	36
Nicaragua - 1st Generation	39	6	38	25
Nicaragua - 2nd Generation	35	4	26	37
Haiti - 1st Generation	28	10	43	21
Haiti - 2nd Generation	77	7	33	22
Jordan - 1st Generation	2	26	60	65
Jordan - 2nd Generation	17	9	27	68
Belize - 1st Gen.	3	11	44	29
Belize - 2nd Gen.	12	8	30	32
Iraq - 1st Generation	4	21	43	59
Iraq - 2nd Generation	17	8	28	61
Ecuador - 1st Generation	12	6	40	31
Ecuador - 2nd Generation	52	4	28	41
Venezuela - 1st Generation	8	14	38	54
Venezuela - 2nd Generation	15	5	24	44
Israel - 1st Generation	13	13	34	55
Israel - 2nd Generation	46	5	24	54
Trinidad and Tobago 1st Generation	12	13	49	24
Trinidad and Tobago 2nd Generation	41	6	30	25
Colombia - 1st Generation	29	5	35	34
Colombia - 2nd Generation	88	4	26	40
Pakistan - 1st Generation	11	9	35	63
Pakistan - 2nd Generation	28	3	23	59
Costa Rica - 1st Generation	4	15	43	47
Costa Rica - 2nd Generation	19	7	29	36
Panama - 1st Generation	6	8	32	34
Panama - 2nd Generation	33	6	26	28
Brazil - 1st Generation	9	8	36	46
Brazil - 2nd Generation	21	5	25	48
Romania - 1st Generation	11	12	33	45
Romania - 2nd Generation	15	6	22	47
Spain - 1st Generation	6	7	48	42
Spain - 2nd Generation	22	4	21	40

Page 256 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers not in the labor force (percent)	Children with fathers not working full-time, year-round (percent)	Children with mothers not in the labor force (percent)
Lebanon - 1st Generation	8	12	40	63
Lebanon - 2nd Generation	28	8	24	60
Jamaica - 1st Generation	40	5	32	12
Jamaica - 2nd Generation	92	6	28	19
Guyana - 1st Generation	18	4	30	24
Guyana - 2nd Generation	28	6	27	27
Nigeria - 1st Generation	5	7	51	30
Nigeria - 2nd Generation	29	6	36	25
China - 1st Generation	34	9	41	27
China - 2nd Generation	97	4	22	32
Indonesia - 1st Generation	4	34	63	59
Indonesia - 2nd Generation	13	4	20	35
Iran - 1st Generation	24	17	45	50
Iran - 2nd Generation	52	5	21	44
Cuba - 1st Generation	27	7	37	37
Cuba - 2nd Generation	184	4	20	34
Peru - 1st Generation	18	4	34	31
Peru - 2nd Generation	43	4	25	36
Korea - 1st Generation	67	9	38	37
Korea - 2nd Generation	163	5	22	39
Syria - 1st Generation	2	13	51	62
Syria - 2nd Generation	13	7	29	57
Taiwan - 1st Generation	32	13	36	43
Taiwan - 2nd Generation	65	4	18	39
Argentina - 1st Generation	10	6	28	41
Argentina - 2nd Generation	26	2	19	45
Yugoslavia - 1st Generation	5	4	32	42
Yugoslavia - 2nd Generation	39	6	26	42
Hong Kong - 1st Generation	17	13	41	33
Hong Kong - 2nd Generation	39	3	13	30
Chile - 1st Generation	5	4	28	42
Chile - 2nd Generation	17	3	16	36
Australia - 1st Generation	3	7	17	74
Australia - 2nd Generation	14	3	16	43
Austria - 1st Generation	1	11	32	64
Austria - 2nd Generation	20	4	18	33

Page 257 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers not in the labor force (percent)	Children with fathers not working full-time, year-round (percent)	Children with mothers not in the labor force (percent)
France - 1st Generation	7	4	18	57
France - 2nd Generation	34	3	20	40
Hungary - 1st Generation	3	5	26	46
Hungary - 2nd Generation	22	5	19	40
Egypt - 1st Generation	5	7	32	42
Egypt - 2nd Generation	25	3	22	43
Germany - 1st Generation	16	6	22	52
Germany - 2nd Generation	243	3	18	36
Greece - 1st Generation	3	7	35	51
Greece - 2nd Generation	65	6	26	46
Japan - 1st Generation	32	5	22	90
Japan - 2nd Generation	68	3	19	43
Barbados - 1st Generation	3	1	28	14
Barbados - 2nd Generation	11	6	22	22
Poland - 1st Generation	18	4	26	31
Poland - 2nd Generation	62	4	19	35
Turkey - 1st Generation	3	11	23	52
Turkey - 2nd Generation	12	2	20	47
Italy - 1st Generation	8	6	30	55
Italy - 2nd Generation	171	5	21	47
Portugal - 1st Generation	14	5	37	31
Portugal - 2nd Generation	64	6	25	28
United Kingdom 1st Generation	31	3	15	51
United Kingdom 2nd Generation	178	3	17	36
Canada - 1st Generation	33	4	19	46
Canada - 2nd Generation	230	3	18	37
South Africa - 1st Generation	5	6	19	50
South Africa - 2nd Generation	10	2	15	46
Netherlands - 1st Generation	2	3	16	48
Netherlands - 2nd Generation	36	2	14	39
India - 1st Generation	45	4	27	31
India - 2nd Generation	130	2	16	37

Page 258 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers not in the labor force (percent)	Children with fathers not working full-time, year-round (percent)	Children with mothers not in the labor force (percent)
Philippines -1st Generation	83	7	29	18
Philippines -2nd Generation	316	5	20	18
Ireland -1st Generation	4	5	29	56
Ireland -2nd Generation	40	4	17	41
NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generations combined. Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Page 259 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

TABLE B-2D Parents' Education for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin for First and Second Generations Separately: 1990

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)	Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)	Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education (percent)	Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education (percent)
All First-Generation Children	2,084	34	38	23	14
All Second-Generation Children	6,288	23	22	25	17
Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:
White, Non-Hispanic	40,201	3	2	28	20
Black, Non-Hispanic	8,031	6	4	12	9
Asian, Non-Hispanic	329	1	1	40	31
American Indian	562	8	6	9	7
Hispanic	3,489	9	10	12	7
First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin:
Laos - 1st Generation	49	48	66	8	6
Laos - 2nd Generation	64	36	56	7	2
Cambodia - 1st Generation	30	51	68	3	2
Cambodia - 2nd Generation	34	35	53	9	2
Dominican Republic 1st Generation	48	42	43	8	4
Dominican Republic 2nd Generation	131	22	25	10	6
USSR - 1st Generation	38	11	8	36	32
USSR - 2nd Generation	24	4	3	49	41
Mexico - 1st Generation	643	67	69	3	2
Mexico - 2nd Generation	1,975	51	48	4	3
Thailand - 1st Generation	36	50	68	8	4
Thailand - 2nd Generation	33	2	21	39	21

Page 260 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)	Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)	Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education (percent)	Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education (percent)
Vietnam - 1st Generation	99	32	44	11	5
Vietnam - 2nd Generation	33	14	23	22	9
Guatemala - 1st Generation	35	45	52	7	3
Guatemala - 2nd Generation	66	30	32	10	6
Honduras - 1st Generation	17	33	36	13	6
Honduras - 2nd Generation	35	19	19	13	8
El Salvador - 1st Generation	77	47	51	5	3
El Salvador - 2nd Generation	126	33	35	7	4
Nicaragua - 1st Generation	39	22	23	23	11
Nicaragua - 2nd Generation	35	11	12	19	11
Haiti - 1st Generation	28	19	23	7	4
Haiti - 2nd Generation	77	13	15	17	12
Jordan - 1st Generation	2	14	17	31	11
Jordan - 2nd Generation	17	11	11	29	11
Belize - 1st Gen.	3	20	14	7	7
Belize - 2nd Gen.	12	8	5	16	7
Iraq - 1st Generation	4	21	41	23	9
Iraq - 2nd Generation	17	12	17	25	17
Ecuador - 1st Generation	12	22	20	16	9
Ecuador - 2nd Generation	52	12	12	18	9
Venezuela - 1st Generation	8	11	11	45	25
Venezuela - 2nd Generation	15	4	3	45	30
Israel - 1st Generation	13	5	6	50	34
Israel - 2nd Generation	46	5	6	38	32
Trinidad and Tobago 1st Generation	12	15	12	13	6
Trinidad and Tobago 2nd Generation	41	5	4	19	13
Colombia - 1st Generation	29	15	19	20	12
Colombia - 2nd Generation	88	10	9	22	13
Pakistan - 1st Generation	11	2	12	57	38
Pakistan - 2nd Generation	28	3	7	68	41

Page 261 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)	Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)	Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education (percent)	Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education (percent)
Costa Rica - 1st Generation	4	16	21	18	10
Costa Rica - 2nd Generation	19	10	10	20	13
Panama - 1st Generation	6	2	8	24	10
Panama - 2nd Generation	33	2	3	26	18
Brazil - 1st Generation	9	11	13	44	31
Brazil - 2nd Generation	21	9	9	38	28
Romania - 1st Generation	11	13	18	34	28
Romania - 2nd Generation	15	7	5	42	34
Spain - 1st Generation	6	30	28	28	15
Spain - 2nd Generation	22	8	8	30	19
Lebanon - 1st Generation	8	28	23	18	11
Lebanon - 2nd Generation	28	10	9	40	24
Jamaica - 1st Generation	40	12	8	14	9
Jamaica - 2nd Generation	92	7	4	21	18
Guyana - 1st Generation	18	12	13	14	4
Guyana - 2nd Generation	28	3	5	27	16
Nigeria - 1st Generation	5	0	4	77	41
Nigeria - 2nd Generation	29	0	1	80	46
China - 1st Generation	34	30	35	28	17
China - 2nd Generation	97	13	15	43	32
Indonesia - 1st Generation	4	9	16	56	27
Indonesia - 2nd Generation	13	1	1	53	36
Iran - 1st Generation	24	4	7	60	29
Iran - 2nd Generation	52	1	1	71	43
Cuba - 1st Generation	27	30	29	11	9
Cuba - 2nd Generation	184	10	7	26	17
Peru - 1st Generation	18	6	8	26	14
Peru - 2nd Generation	43	5	5	30	19
Korea - 1st Generation	67	5	8	46	31
Korea - 2nd Generation	163	1	7	42	27
Syria - 1st Generation	2	16	21	27	14
Syria - 2nd Generation	13	9	9	44	20

Page 262 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)	Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)	Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education (percent)	Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education (percent)
Taiwan - 1st Generation	32	7	7	62	35
Taiwan - 2nd Generation	65	1	3	77	60
Argentina - 1st Generation	10	14	15	31	26
Argentina - 2nd Generation	26	7	4	35	24
Yugoslavia - 1st Generation	5	14	20	28	17
Yugoslavia - 2nd Generation	39	19	19	17	14
Hong Kong - 1st Generation	17	28	31	15	7
Hong Kong - 2nd Generation	39	7	8	53	39
Chile - 1st Generation	5	9	10	28	17
Chile - 2nd Generation	17	4	4	35	23
Australia - 1st Generation	3	1	2	63	32
Australia - 2nd Generation	14	3	0	48	33
Austria - 1st Generation	1	12	3	47	38
Austria - 2nd Generation	20	1	1	45	37
France - 1st Generation	7	7	8	65	45
France - 2nd Generation	34	3	1	45	34
Hungary - 1st Generation	3	5	6	51	32
Hungary - 2nd Generation	22	6	2	38	29
Egypt - 1st Generation	5	2	5	75	59
Egypt - 2nd Generation	25	1	2	66	41
Germany - 1st Generation	16	2	5	47	27
Germany - 2nd Generation	243	2	1	34	22
Greece - 1st Generation	3	24	26	24	12
Greece - 2nd Generation	65	23	18	21	17
Japan - 1st Generation	32	2	2	78	45
Japan - 2nd Generation	68	2	2	44	26
Barbados - 1st Generation	3	10	13	19	12
Barbados - 2nd Generation	11	8	2	18	14
Poland - 1st Generation	18	7	6	32	27
Poland - 2nd Generation	62	6	5	30	22
Turkey - 1st Generation	3	13	17	46	34
Turkey - 2nd Generation	12	9	7	40	32

Page 263 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)	Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)	Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education (percent)	Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education (percent)
Italy - 1st Generation	8	33	34	24	16
Italy - 2nd Generation	171	19	15	19	14
Portugal - 1st Generation	14	68	65	3	3
Portugal - 2nd Generation	64	38	34	8	5
United Kingdom 1st Generation	31	1	3	56	27
United Kingdom 2nd Generation	178	1	1	41	26
Canada - 1st Generation	33	4	3	58	31
Canada - 2nd Generation	230	3	2	38	26
South Africa - 1st Generation	5	1	1	63	35
South Africa - 2nd Generation	10	0	1	70	42
Netherlands - 1st Generation	2	0	3	60	34
Netherlands - 2nd Generation	36	2	1	40	26
India - 1st Generation	45	4	9	62	46
India - 2nd Generation	130	1	2	80	63
Philippines - 1st Generation	83	7	9	46	52
Philippines - 2nd Generation	316	3	6	37	45
Ireland - 1st Generation	4	12	7	36	13
Ireland - 2nd Generation	40	4	2	31	20
NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generations combined. Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Page 264 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

TABLE B-2E Language Use and Citizenship for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin for First and Second Generations Separately: 1990

	Number of children (thousands)	Children who do not speak English at home (percent)
All First-Generation Children	2,084	87
All Second-Generation Children	6,288	58
Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:
White, Non-Hispanic	40,201	1
Black, Non-Hispanic	8,031	1
Asian, Non-Hispanic	329	3
American Indian	562	7
Hispanic	3,489	15
First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin:
Laos - 1st Generation	49	97
Laos - 2nd Generation	64	95
Cambodia - 1st Generation	30	97
Cambodia - 2nd Generation	34	87
Dominican Republic - 1st Generation	48	97
Dominican Republic - 2nd Generation	131	91
USSR - 1st Generation	38	96
USSR - 2nd Generation	24	57
Mexico - 1st Generation	643	97
Mexico - 2nd Generation	1,975	88
Thailand - 1st Generation	36	95
Thailand - 2nd Generation	33	32
Vietnam - 1st Generation	99	97
Vietnam - 2nd Generation	33	76
Guatemala - 1st Generation	35	98
Guatemala - 2nd Generation	66	83
Honduras - 1st Generation	17	93
Honduras - 2nd Generation	35	69
El Salvador - 1st Generation	77	98
El Salvador - 2nd Generation	126	90
Nicaragua - 1st Generation	39	97
Nicaragua - 2nd Generation	35	75

Page 265 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children who are not Children who do not speak English exclusively or very well (percent)	Children not U.S. citizens (percent)	U.S. citizens, or who have at least 1 parent in the home who is not a citizen (percent)
45	84	87
19	N/A	59
N/A		N/A
N/A		N/A
N/A		N/A
N/A		N/A
N/A		N/A
57	89	91
65	N/A	88
62	89	92
54	N/A	80
55	85	89
31	N/A	68
61	83	84
12	N/A	29
59	86	89
32	N/A	74
65	93	94
9	N/A	56
52	78	81
34	N/A	51
56	89	91
26	N/A	76
48	88	92
18	N/A	64
53	89	91
35	N/A	79
58	96	97
22	N/A	69

Page 266 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children who do not speak English at home (percent)
Haiti - 1st Generation	28	91
Haiti - 2nd Generation	77	67
Jordan - 1st Generation	2	98
Jordan - 2nd Generation	17	55
Belize - 1st Gen.	3	28
Belize - 2nd Gen.	12	14
Iraq - 1st Generation	4	90
Iraq - 2nd Generation	17	62
Ecuador - 1st Generation	12	98
Ecuador - 2nd Generation	52	80
Venezuela - 1st Generation	8	95
Venezuela - 2nd Generation	15	49
Israel - 1st Generation	13	91
Israel - 2nd Generation	46	54
Trinidad and Tobago - 1st Generation	12	7
Trinidad and Tobago - 2nd Generation	41	5
Colombia - 1st Generation	29	96
Colombia - 2nd Generation	88	78
Pakistan - 1st Generation	11	94
Pakistan - 2nd Generation	28	60
Costa Rica - 1st Generation	4	94
Costa Rica - 2nd Generation	19	61
Panama - 1st Generation	6	86
Panama - 2nd Generation	33	32
Brazil - 1st Generation	9	93
Brazil - 2nd Generation	21	50
Romania - 1st Generation	11	91
Romania - 2nd Generation	15	54
Spain - 1st Generation	6	91
Spain - 2nd Generation	22	56
Lebanon - 1st Generation	8	92
Lebanon - 2nd Generation	28	62
Jamaica - 1st Generation	40	7
Jamaica - 2nd Generation	92	6
Guyana - 1st Generation	18	8
Guyana - 2nd Generation	28	7

Page 267 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children who do not speak English exclusively or very well (percent)	Children not U.S. citizens (percent)	Children who are not U.S. citizens, or who have at least 1 parent in the home who is not a citizen (percent)
47	84	90
21	N/A	71
28	72	79
8	N/A	33
10	72	80
3	N/A	70
13	72	78
10	N/A	37
38	87	90
20	N/A	73
36	90	92
12	N/A	68
28	74	75
15	N/A	31
4	84	86
1	N/A	68
38	87	90
17	N/A	64
29	74	80
14	N/A	46
38	88	91
13	N/A	63
31	77	79
9	N/A	43
47	91	96
11	N/A	68
33	77	79
14	N/A	25
26	83	85
12	N/A	60
26	69	71
12	N/A	32
2	81	85
2	N/A	59
2	80	81
2	N/A	51

Page 268 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children who do not speak English at home (percent)
Nigeria - 1st Generation	5	59
Nigeria - 2nd Generation	29	15
China - 1st Generation	34	97
China - 2nd Generation	97	74
Indonesia - 1st Generation	4	88
Indonesia - 2nd Generation	13	20
Iran - 1st Generation	24	93
Iran - 2nd Generation	52	49
Cuba - 1st Generation	27	98
Cuba - 2nd Generation	184	77
Peru - 1st Generation	18	98
Peru - 2nd Generation	43	69
Korea - 1st Generation	67	92
Korea - 2nd Generation	163	50
Syria - 1st Generation	2	93
Syria - 2nd Generation	13	52
Taiwan - 1st Generation	32	96
Taiwan - 2nd Generation	65	68
Argentina - 1st Generation	10	96
Argentina - 2nd Generation	26	55
Yugoslavia - 1st Generation	5	94
Yugoslavia - 2nd Generation	39	57
Hong Kong - 1st Generation	17	97
Hong Kong - 2nd Generation	39	66
Chile - 1st Generation	5	94
Chile - 2nd Generation	17	66
Australia - 1st Generation	3	27
Australia - 2nd Generation	14	8
Austria - 1st Generation	1	84
Austria - 2nd Generation	20	22
France - 1st Generation	7	91
France - 2nd Generation	34	35
Hungary - 1st Generation	3	99
Hungary - 2nd Generation	22	35
Egypt - 1st Generation	5	88
Egypt - 2nd Generation	25	48

Page 269 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children who do not speak English exclusively or very well (percent)	Children not U.S. citizens (percent)	Children who are not U.S. citizens, or who have at least 1 parent in the home who is not a citizen (percent)
27	89	89
3	N/A	81
63	83	85
23	N/A	32
43	89	92
6	N/A	37
34	89	90
10	N/A	57
36	84	89
15	N/A	42
42	88	89
16	N/A	59
38	81	85
14	N/A	43
35	77	77
10	N/A	37
41	80	81
16	N/A	39
26	89	91
12	N/A	50
22	77	86
8	N/A	39
54	77	78
22	N/A	23
32	87	90
12	N/A	57
3	93	95
3	N/A	71
32	68	71
7	N/A	26
30	90	91
5	N/A	49
28	75	81
11	N/A	20
27	65	67
10	N/A	28

Page 270 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

	Number of children (thousands)	Children who do not speak English at home (percent)
Germany - 1st Generation	16	69
Germany - 2nd Generation	243	14
Greece - 1st Generation	3	87
Greece - 2nd Generation	65	69
Japan - 1st Generation	32	94
Japan - 2nd Generation	68	34
Barbados - 1st Generation	3	7
Barbados - 2nd Generation	11	2
Poland - 1st Generation	18	96
Poland - 2nd Generation	62	55
Turkey - 1st Generation	3	87
Turkey - 2nd Generation	12	45
Italy - 1st Generation	8	85
Italy - 2nd Generation	171	35
Portugal - 1st Generation	14	96
Portugal - 2nd Generation	64	69
United Kingdom - 1st Generation	31	19
United Kingdom - 2nd Generation	178	5
Canada - 1st Generation	33	30
Canada - 2nd Generation	230	7
South Africa - 1st Generation	5	18
South Africa - 2nd Generation	10	7
Netherlands - 1st Generation	2	77
Netherlands - 2nd Generation	36	9
India - 1st Generation	45	84
India - 2nd Generation	130	53
Philippines - 1st Generation	83	75
Philippines - 2nd Generation	316	21
Ireland - 1st Generation	4	17
Ireland - 2nd Generation	40	4
NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generations combined. Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Page 271 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.

Children who do not speak English exclusively or very well (percent)	Children not U.S. citizens (percent)	Children who are not U.S. citizens, or who have at least 1 parent in the home who is not a citizen (percent)
15	78	84
4	N/A	34
27	58	69
10	N/A	34
66	96	97
10	N/A	62
2	72	76
1	N/A	53
31	80	86
9	N/A	45
18	79	84
5	N/A	44
21	60	71
7	N/A	37
28	80	85
12	N/A	58
3	90	92
1	N/A	59
5	91	92
2	N/A	57
4	84	84
2	N/A	43
10	89	88
3	N/A	41
24	84	90
10	N/A	60
27	72	76
5	N/A	36
5	87	90
0	N/A	44