Read "Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists" at NAP.edu

Page 131 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Page 132 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.1F Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel A: Fraction of 1–2 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.02
Part-time employed	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02
Working outside science and engineering	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.25	0.19	0.17	0.11	0.12	0.10	0.09
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.15	0.09	0.07	0.06	0.04	0.06	0.05
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	0.21	0.37	0.43	0.42	0.48	0.45	0.53
Other academic position	0.08	0.04	0.07	0.09	0.07	0.11	0.11
Industry	0.08	0.10	0.11	0.11	0.12	0.12	0.08
Federal labs and other government	0.11	0.09	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.04
Other jobs including self-employed	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.03	0.03
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	0.54	0.59	0.69	0.67	0.76	0.71	0.70
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.52	0.52	0.57	0.45	n/a	0.44	0.49
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.44	0.42	0.48	0.36	n/a	0.39	0.45
Panel B: Fraction of 3–4 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02
Part-time employed	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.05	0.03
Working outside science and engineering	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.05	0.05
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.40	0.31	0.29	0.24	0.21	0.17	0.13
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.15	0.13	0.08	0.06	0.03	0.07	0.07
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	0.06	0.11	0.19	0.21	0.22	0.28	0.29
Other academic position	0.06	0.06	0.08	0.09	0.12	0.10	0.13
Industry	0.11	0.13	0.16	0.21	0.20	0.17	0.16
Federal labs and other government	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.10	0.07	0.07
Other jobs including self-employed	0.06	0.08	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.04	0.04
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	0.44	0.45	0.64	0.61	0.70	0.68	0.63
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.51	0.46	0.44	0.41	n/a	0.41	0.45

Page 133 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel C: Fraction of 5–6 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02
Part-time employed	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.04	0.05
Working outside science and engineering	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.06
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.42	0.38	0.34	0.32	0.27	0.27	0.22
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.15	0.15	0.10	0.07	0.08	0.06	0.08
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	0.02	0.05	0.07	0.10	0.10	0.12	0.14
Other academic position	0.03	0.04	0.07	0.06	0.10	0.08	0.12
Industry	0.11	0.11	0.16	0.20	0.24	0.22	0.19
Federal labs and other government	0.15	0.13	0.13	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.08
Other jobs including self-employed	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.05
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	0.45	0.42	0.51	0.54	0.63	0.64	0.65
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.46	0.46	0.43	0.36	n/a	0.37	0.40
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.39	0.37	0.37	0.30	n/a	0.33	0.35
Panel D: Fraction of 7–8 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01
Part-time employed	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.03
Working outside science and engineering	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.05
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.47	0.44	0.40	0.38	0.32	0.31	0.32
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.15	0.14	0.11	0.08	0.05	0.05	0.07
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.06	0.06
Other academic position	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.10	0.08
Industry	0.11	0.11	0.17	0.20	0.24	0.21	0.22
Federal labs and other government	0.13	0.13	0.11	0.11	0.08	0.11	0.10
Other jobs including self-employed	0.05	0.07	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.06	0.07
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	0.42	0.41	0.43	0.51	0.61	0.61	0.61
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.51	0.45	0.39	0.38	n/a	0.39	0.39
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.43	0.37	0.31	0.32	n/a	0.35	0.35

Page 134 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel E: Fraction of 9–10 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01
Part-time employed	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03
Working outside science and engineering	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.07	0.04
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.47	0.42	0.39	0.35	0.36	0.31	0.34
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.14	0.15	0.15	0.10	0.06	0.09	0.05
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03
Other academic position	0.01	0.01	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.09
Industry	0.12	0.11	0.11	0.18	0.23	0.22	0.23
Federal labs and other government	0.14	0.16	0.16	0.13	0.11	0.11	0.11
Other jobs including self-employed	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.07
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	0.41	0.43	0.40	0.44	0.54	0.57	0.58
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.44	0.43	0.36	0.37	n/a	0.37	0.38
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.38	0.34	0.30	0.31	n/a	0.33	0.36

Page 135 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.1N Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel A: Number in 1–2 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	144	175	176	220	111	95	211
Part-time employed	195	128	222	236	300	221	202
Working outside science and engineering	136	220	78	262	166	291	319
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1936	1473	1347	956	1002	878	853
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	1158	683	530	510	315	486	469
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	1659	2847	3447	3498	4141	3952	4980
Other academic position	612	322	539	771	574	968	1031
Industry	659	783	906	955	1013	1075	745
Federal labs and other government	864	683	430	484	597	551	359
Other jobs including self-employed	412	321	358	438	381	288	293
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	3963	4214	5197	5132	6093	5799	6131
Supported by federal grants/contracts	3807	3719	4313	3433	n/a	3645	4308
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	3188	3013	3656	2727	n/a	3179	3899
Panel B: Number in 3–4 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	70	210	127	132	75	64	173
Part-time employed	152	113	123	205	295	394	288
Working outside science and engineering	179	185	157	94	160	387	458
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	2684	2336	2301	2017	1694	1392	1162
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	1009	983	631	491	247	543	657
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	384	856	1456	1742	1830	2352	2564
Other academic position	379	418	643	773	974	871	1106
Industry	706	1007	1289	1804	1593	1419	1432
Federal labs and other government	758	765	736	654	802	552	656
Other jobs including self-employed	390	605	383	521	487	355	313
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	2776	3124	4758	4861	5319	5059	4995
Supported by federal grants/contracts	3223	3228	3304	3310	n/a	3046	3551
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	2680	2656	2743	2719	n/a	2674	3141

Page 136 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel C: Number in 5–6 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	43	132	152	54	92	105	166
Part-time employed	166	217	149	301	117	308	398
Working outside science and engineering	102	296	172	289	246	341	460
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	2211	3088	2591	2573	2245	2167	1816
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	776	1204	783	605	651	476	637
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	94	383	516	815	839	1001	1171
Other academic position	177	307	538	528	861	621	978
Industry	549	905	1214	1657	1974	1820	1572
Federal labs and other government	805	1065	962	800	734	778	633
Other jobs including self-employed	300	613	579	517	563	505	396
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	2186	3200	3676	4015	4991	4702	4683
Supported by federal grants/contracts	2271	3514	3067	2688	n/a	2736	2850
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	1926	2814	2625	2271	n/a	2454	2512
Panel D: Number in 7–8 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	36	95	69	94	32	66	113
Part-time employed	75	119	169	166	300	308	227
Working outside science and engineering	121	199	167	321	429	463	365
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1896	2996	2899	2925	2863	2493	2521
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	581	930	798	631	488	445	568
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	45	191	185	156	437	460	465
Other academic position	77	183	333	491	829	815	594
Industry	451	772	1258	1583	2125	1737	1734
Federal labs and other government	514	870	795	829	730	870	770
Other jobs including self-employed	201	471	649	593	653	504	557
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	1571	2640	2949	3697	4958	4491	4401
Supported by federal grants/contracts	1916	2908	2670	2716	n/a	2862	2826
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	1615	2401	2145	2338	n/a	2571	2557

Page 137 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel E: Number in 9–10 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	30	77	128	81	41	111	44
Part-time employed	72	129	180	232	277	184	242
Working outside science and engineering	115	224	286	297	296	559	340
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1672	2267	3056	2565	3005	2588	2725
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	501	791	1156	743	508	729	422
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	7	64	59	132	171	264	228
Other academic position	47	63	397	425	491	574	745
Industry	430	617	847	1321	1884	1861	1882
Federal labs and other government	485	877	1260	939	895	964	882
Other jobs including self-employed	162	277	472	676	691	564	588
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	1357	2144	2903	3004	4092	4334	4345
Supported by federal grants/contracts	1446	2142	2601	2484	n/a	2812	2868
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	1266	1699	2207	2082	n/a	2496	2664

Page 138 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.2F Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs—Female US Citizens and Permanent Residents

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel A: Fraction of 1–2 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.03
Part-time employed	0.09	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.07	0.04	0.03
Working outside science and engineering	0.03	0.04	0.01	0.05	0.02	0.04	0.04
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.15	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.12	0.09	0.07
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.12	0.13	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.04
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	0.30	0.45	0.55	0.47	0.48	0.47	0.55
Other academic position	0.12	0.04	0.07	0.06	0.09	0.11	0.10
Industry	0.04	0.04	0.08	0.09	0.07	0.10	0.08
Federal labs and other government	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.03
Other jobs including self-employed	0.06	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.03
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
11 Engaged primarily in research	0.68	0.63	0.78	0.68	0.76	0.72	0.72
12 Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.62	0.59	0.60	0.50	n/a	0.46	0.55
13 Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.53	0.52	0.56	0.43	n/a	0.40	0.50
Panel B: Fraction of 3–4 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02
Part-time employed	0.11	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.04	0.09	0.07
Working outside science and engineering	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.05
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.27	0.28	0.21	0.19	0.18	0.16	0.10
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.17	0.16	0.09	0.09	0.03	0.08	0.09
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	0.10	0.19	0.25	0.24	0.23	0.28	0.32
Other academic position	0.12	0.06	0.06	0.12	0.15	0.10	0.11
Industry	0.03	0.04	0.09	0.13	0.14	0.13	0.12
Federal labs and other government	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.07	0.07	0.05	0.07
Other jobs including self-employed	0.08	0.09	0.07	0.05	0.08	0.04	0.05
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	0.49	0.52	0.59	0.60	0.72	0.64	0.61
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.58	0.55	0.49	0.45	n/a	0.42	0.46
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.46	0.47	0.41	0.40	n/a	0.38	0.42

Page 139 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel C: Fraction of 5–6 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.01
Part-time employed	0.18	0.12	0.06	0.08	0.04	0.09	0.09
Working outside science and engineering	0.05	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.07
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.33	0.31	0.28	0.26	0.24	0.23	0.19
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.13	0.15	0.14	0.05	0.08	0.07	0.10
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	0.07	0.09	0.13	0.10	0.09	0.13	0.11
Other academic position	0.05	0.06	0.08	0.14	0.10	0.09	0.18
Industry	0.04	0.07	0.06	0.15	0.20	0.18	0.17
Federal labs and other government	0.05	0.07	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.06
Other jobs including self-employed	0.07	0.08	0.10	0.06	0.09	0.06	0.03
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	0.53	0.49	0.54	0.62	0.60	0.65	0.61
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.58	0.48	0.48	0.39	n/a	0.40	0.44
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.51	0.36	0.42	0.36	n/a	0.38	0.38
Panel D: Fraction of 7–8 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.03
Part-time employed	0.15	0.09	0.05	0.08	0.09	0.11	0.07
Working outside science and engineering	0.05	0.01	0.05	0.03	0.06	0.05	0.03
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.29	0.38	0.39	0.29	0.31	0.29	0.29
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.18	0.17	0.14	0.11	0.06	0.07	0.09
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	0.06	0.08	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.06
Other academic position	0.06	0.04	0.07	0.11	0.11	0.12	0.08
Industry	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.13	0.19	0.15	0.19
Federal labs and other government	0.09	0.07	0.07	0.09	0.06	0.10	0.08
Other jobs including self-employed	0.04	0.09	0.11	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.07
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	0.47	0.43	0.51	0.52	0.63	0.6	0.58
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.50	0.54	0.45	0.46	n/a	0.45	0.39
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.40	0.45	0.39	0.37	n/a	0.41	0.36

Page 140 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel E: Fraction of 9–10 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.06	0.04	0.06	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01
Part-time employed	0.11	0.15	0.07	0.10	0.12	0.06	0.08
Working outside science and engineering	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.09	0.05
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.32	0.39	0.35	0.32	0.34	0.29	0.36
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.22	0.13	0.14	0.13	0.06	0.09	0.06
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.05	0.02	0.03	0.01
Other academic position	0.05	0.02	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.09	0.11
Industry	0.05	0.05	0.10	0.09	0.20	0.18	0.15
Federal labs and other government	0.07	0.05	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.11	0.10
Other jobs including self-employed	0.06	0.08	0.09	0.10	0.07	0.04	0.07
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	0.42	0.44	0.45	0.47	0.52	0.60	0.57
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.50	0.50	0.43	0.41	n/a	0.39	0.45
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.43	0.43	0.39	0.38	n/a	0.35	0.44

Page 141 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.2N Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs—Female US Citizens and Permanent Residents

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel A: Number in 1–2 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	59	72	59	75	54	39	122
Part-time employed	105	72	122	132	197	153	102
Working outside science and engineering	29	57	19	115	62	155	141
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	172	173	194	233	370	314	288
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	130	214	95	139	94	186	172
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	338	725	1103	1199	1437	1620	2171
Other academic position	133	71	138	164	260	379	389
Industry	43	69	166	229	218	340	295
Federal labs and other government	45	68	61	131	183	174	126
Other jobs including self-employed	71	74	54	128	92	113	109
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	638	879	1409	1521	2008	2245	2571
Supported by federal grants/contracts	580	818	1092	1110	n/a	1437	1944
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	492	720	1006	966	n/a	1239	1768
Panel B: Number in 3–4 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	34	43	63	72	71	54	59
Part-time employed	95	77	116	125	110	264	233
Working outside science and engineering	31	31	48	57	105	165	174
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	224	356	336	423	451	487	346
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	139	205	144	204	84	253	295
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	80	241	394	536	571	876	1116
Other academic position	100	82	96	281	372	311	374
Industry	21	50	136	301	350	394	406
Federal labs and other government	42	82	145	154	167	164	248
Other jobs including self-employed	66	122	113	106	188	129	183
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	327	589	803	1193	1569	1668	1808
Supported by federal grants/contracts	387	626	671	905	n/a	1106	1370
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	309	531	560	793	n/a	988	1251

Page 142 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel C: Number in 5–6 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	24	36	42	18	67	49	39
Part-time employed	116	144	100	154	113	253	268
Working outside science and engineering	31	28	43	79	78	100	201
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	217	376	439	515	603	646	567
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	88	183	217	97	208	190	306
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	43	106	206	204	228	369	320
Other academic position	34	71	126	273	264	240	540
Industry	25	91	89	296	523	514	514
Federal labs and other government	34	85	133	192	249	291	190
Other jobs including self-employed	47	98	156	123	232	161	81
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	257	495	732	1046	1395	1565	1526
Supported by federal grants/contracts	284	482	661	667	n/a	953	1099
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	249	362	568	620	n/a	914	966
Panel D: Number in 7–8 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	21	24	46	45	16	28	89
Part-time employed	66	76	66	117	227	272	195
Working outside science and engineering	21	11	58	51	138	119	94
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	127	320	490	444	749	740	769
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	81	142	180	173	146	174	248
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	25	67	44	63	119	137	166
Other academic position	27	38	94	164	261	318	224
Industry	15	34	53	200	449	376	517
Federal labs and other government	38	63	94	138	144	260	217
Other jobs including self-employed	17	72	134	128	142	164	177
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	155	315	559	680	1263	1305	1339
Supported by federal grants/contracts	164	401	494	609	n/a	980	897
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	132	333	420	482	n/a	879	843

Page 143 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel E: Number in 9–10 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	21	28	64	20	41	31	19
Part-time employed	39	103	76	147	238	153	199
Working outside science and engineering	15	28	26	45	25	231	121
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	111	274	395	478	673	729	935
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	75	89	163	188	125	226	163
Postdoc total appointments in any sector	7	31	19	71	38	64	32
Other academic position	16	16	88	119	145	220	275
Industry	17	37	113	140	403	456	396
Federal labs and other government	25	38	87	136	148	271	259
Other jobs including self-employed	21	56	103	154	130	111	175
Research Involvement in full-time S&E position
Engaged primarily in research	115	237	433	598	867	1247	1285
Supported by federal grants/contracts	135	271	421	528	n/a	812	1010
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	116	230	380	483	n/a	718	984

Page 144 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.3F Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs—Male US Citizens and Permanent Residents.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel A: Fraction of 1–2 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.02
Part-time employed	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02
Working outside science and engineering	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.27	0.22	0.19	0.12	0.11	0.11	0.10
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.15	0.08	0.07	0.06	0.04	0.06	0.05
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.20	0.35	0.39	0.40	0.48	0.44	0.51
Other academic position	0.07	0.04	0.07	0.10	0.06	0.11	0.12
Industry	0.09	0.12	0.12	0.13	0.14	0.14	0.08
Federal labs and other government	0.12	0.10	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.04
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.03
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.52	0.58	0.66	0.67	0.76	0.70	0.69
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.51	0.51	0.56	0.43	n/a	0.44	0.46
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.42	0.40	0.46	0.33	n/a	0.38	0.41
Panel B: Fraction of 3–4 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.02
Part-time employed	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.01
Working outside science and engineering	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.04	0.05
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.42	0.32	0.31	0.26	0.22	0.17	0.15
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.15	0.13	0.08	0.05	0.03	0.06	0.07
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.05	0.10	0.17	0.20	0.22	0.28	0.27
Other academic position	0.05	0.05	0.09	0.08	0.11	0.11	0.14
Industry	0.12	0.15	0.18	0.24	0.22	0.20	0.19
Federal labs and other government	0.12	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.11	0.07	0.08
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.06	0.08	0.04	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.02
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.43	0.43	0.65	0.61	0.69	0.70	0.65
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.50	0.45	0.43	0.40	n/a	0.40	0.44
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.42	0.36	0.36	0.32	n/a	0.35	0.38

Page 145 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel C: Fraction of 5–6 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.02
Part-time employed	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.02
Working outside science and engineering	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.05
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.44	0.39	0.35	0.33	0.29	0.29	0.24
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.15	0.15	0.09	0.08	0.08	0.05	0.06
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.01	0.04	0.05	0.10	0.11	0.12	0.16
Other academic position	0.03	0.03	0.07	0.04	0.10	0.07	0.08
Industry	0.11	0.12	0.18	0.22	0.25	0.25	0.20
Federal labs and other government	0.17	0.14	0.14	0.10	0.08	0.09	0.09
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.44	0.41	0.51	0.51	0.65	0.63	0.67
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.45	0.46	0.41	0.35	n/a	0.36	0.37
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.38	0.37	0.35	0.28	n/a	0.31	0.33
Panel D: Fraction of 7–8 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00
Part-time employed	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Working outside science and engineering	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.05
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.50	0.45	0.40	0.40	0.33	0.31	0.34
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.14	0.13	0.10	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.06
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.05	0.06	0.06
Other academic position	0.01	0.02	0.04	0.05	0.09	0.09	0.07
Industry	0.12	0.12	0.20	0.22	0.26	0.24	0.23
Federal labs and other government	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.11	0.09	0.11	0.11
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.05	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.06	0.07
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.41	0.41	0.41	0.51	0.60	0.62	0.63
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.51	0.44	0.37	0.36	n/a	0.37	0.39
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.43	0.36	0.30	0.31	n/a	0.33	0.35

Page 146 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel E: Fraction of 9–10 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00
Part-time employed	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Working outside science and engineering	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.04
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.49	0.43	0.40	0.35	0.37	0.31	0.32
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.13	0.15	0.15	0.09	0.06	0.09	0.05
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.04
Other academic position	0.01	0.01	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.09
Industry	0.13	0.12	0.11	0.20	0.24	0.24	0.27
Federal labs and other government	0.14	0.18	0.17	0.14	0.12	0.12	0.11
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.09	0.08	0.07
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.41	0.43	0.39	0.44	0.54	0.56	0.58
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.43	0.42	0.35	0.35	n/a	0.37	0.35
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.38	0.33	0.29	0.29	n/a	0.33	0.32

Page 147 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.3N Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs—Male US Citizens and Permanent Residents

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel A: Number in 1–2 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	85	103	117	145	57	56	89
Part-time employed	90	56	100	104	103	68	100
Working outside science and engineering	107	163	59	147	104	136	178
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1764	1300	1153	723	632	564	565
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	1028	469	435	371	221	300	297
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	1321	2122	2344	2299	2704	2332	2809
Other academic position	479	251	401	607	314	589	642
Industry	616	714	740	726	795	735	450
Federal labs and other government	819	615	369	353	414	377	233
Other jobs (including self-employed)	341	247	304	310	289	175	184
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	3325	3335	3788	3611	4085	3554	3560
Supported by federal grants/contracts	3227	2901	3221	2323	n/a	2208	2364
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	2696	2293	2650	1761	n/a	1940	2131
Panel B: Number in 3–4 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	36	167	64	60	4	10	114
Part-time employed	57	36	7	80	185	130	55
Working outside science and engineering	148	154	109	37	55	222	284
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	2460	1980	1965	1594	1243	905	816
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	870	778	487	287	163	289	362
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	304	615	1062	1206	1259	1476	1448
Other academic position	279	336	547	492	602	560	732
Industry	685	957	1153	1503	1243	1025	1026
Federal labs and other government	716	683	591	500	635	388	408
Other jobs (including self-employed)	324	483	270	415	299	226	130
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	2449	2535	3955	3668	3750	3391	3187
Supported by federal grants/contracts	2836	2602	2633	2405	n/a	1940	2181
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	2371	2125	2183	1926	n/a	1686	1890

Page 148 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel C: Number in 5–6 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	19	96	110	36	25	56	127
Part-time employed	50	73	49	147	4	55	130
Working outside science and engineering	71	268	129	210	168	241	259
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1994	2712	2152	2058	1642	1521	1249
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	688	1021	566	508	443	286	331
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	51	277	310	611	611	632	851
Other academic position	143	236	412	255	597	381	438
Industry	524	814	1125	1361	1451	1306	1058
Federal labs and other government	771	980	829	608	485	487	443
Other jobs (including self-employed)	253	515	423	394	331	344	315
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	1929	2705	2944	2969	3596	3137	3157
Supported by federal grants/contracts	1987	3032	2406	2021	n/a	1783	1751
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	1677	2452	2057	1651	n/a	1540	1546
Panel D: Number in 7–8 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	15	71	23	49	16	38	24
Part-time employed	9	43	103	49	73	36	32
Working outside science and engineering	100	188	109	270	291	344	271
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1769	2676	2409	2481	2114	1753	1752
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	500	788	618	458	342	271	320
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	20	124	141	93	318	323	299
Other academic position	50	145	239	327	568	497	370
Industry	436	738	1205	1383	1676	1361	1217
Federal labs and other government	476	807	701	691	586	610	553
Other jobs (including self-employed)	184	399	515	465	511	340	380
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	1416	2325	2390	3017	3695	3186	3062
Supported by federal grants/contracts	1752	2507	2176	2107	n/a	1882	1929
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	1483	2068	1725	1856	n/a	1692	1714

Page 149 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel E: Number in 9–10 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	9	49	64	61		80	25
Part-time employed	33	26	104	85	39	31	43
Working outside science and engineering	100	196	260	252	271	328	219
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1561	1993	2661	2087	2332	1859	1790
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	426	702	993	555	383	503	259
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)		33	40	61	133	200	196
Other academic position	31	47	309	306	346	354	470
Industry	413	580	734	1181	1481	1405	1486
Federal labs and other government	460	839	1173	803	747	693	623
Other jobs (including self-employed)	141	221	369	522	561	453	413
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	1242	1907	2470	2406	3225	3087	3060
Supported by federal grants/contracts	1311	1871	2180	1956	n/a	2000	1858
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	1150	1469	1827	1599	n/a	1778	1680

Page 150 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.4F Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs from 26 High-Quality Institutions—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel A: Fraction of 1–2 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.02	0.05	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.02
Part-time employed	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.02
Working outside science and engineering	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.01
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.33	0.19	0.16	0.09	0.11	0.10	0.07
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.07	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.04
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.30	0.48	0.47	0.50	0.61	0.55	0.60
Other academic position	0.07	0.04	0.09	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.11
Industry	0.06	0.05	0.09	0.06	0.06	0.09	0.06
Federal labs and other government	0.06	0.06	0.04	0.07	0.05	0.07	0.03
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.05	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.04	0.03	0.03
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.72	0.73	0.73	0.74	0.84	0.82	0.79
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.67	0.68	0.61	0.51	n/a	0.49	0.55
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.60	0.57	0.52	0.42	n/a	0.45	0.50
Panel B: Fraction of 3–4 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01
Part-time employed	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.03
Working outside science and engineering	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.05
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.45	0.40	0.32	0.21	0.19	0.17	0.13
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.10	0.06	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.04
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.11	0.15	0.21	0.24	0.26	0.34	0.33
Other academic position	0.08	0.08	0.12	0.12	0.15	0.13	0.14
Industry	0.06	0.10	0.14	0.24	0.19	0.16	0.18
Federal labs and other government	0.07	0.09	0.07	0.04	0.06	0.05	0.07
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.07	0.07	0.04	0.06	0.06	0.03	0.03
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.55	0.53	0.71	0.68	0.76	0.71	0.73
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.65	0.61	0.54	0.48	n/a	0.48	0.50
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.58	0.52	0.45	0.39	n/a	0.39	0.48

Page 151 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel C: Fraction of 5–6 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01
Part-time employed	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.01	0.04	0.04
Working outside science and engineering	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.04
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.51	0.49	0.44	0.36	0.31	0.31	0.24
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.11	0.11	0.05	0.03	0.06	0.03	0.05
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.01	0.06	0.06	0.10	0.14	0.13	0.17
Other academic position	0.04	0.05	0.12	0.08	0.12	0.09	0.18
Industry	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.20	0.17	0.19	0.18
Federal labs and other government	0.11	0.07	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.08	0.04
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.04	0.05	0.10	0.06	0.07	0.11	0.04
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.48	0.58	0.61	0.56	0.72	0.77	0.72
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.61	0.64	0.57	0.42	n/a	0.45	0.52
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.52	0.53	0.52	0.38	n/a	0.40	0.46
Panel D: Fraction of 7–8 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.00	0	0.02
Part-time employed	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.02
Working outside science and engineering	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.07	0.04	0.02
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.54	0.47	0.52	0.45	0.36	0.35	0.40
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.11	0.12	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.02
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.06	0.06
Other academic position	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.09	0.12	0.11	0.09
Industry	0.07	0.08	0.11	0.17	0.24	0.20	0.19
Federal labs and other government	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.06	0.07	0.09
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.07	0.08	0.10	0.09	0.06	0.07	0.10
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.45	0.48	0.49	0.64	0.70	0.66	0.72
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.64	0.59	0.53	0.51	n/a	0.5	0.50
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.60	0.49	0.41	0.49	n/a	0.49	0.47

Page 152 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel E: Fraction of 9–10 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Part-time employed	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.04
Working outside science and engineering	0.02	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.02
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.48	0.51	0.54	0.41	0.44	0.37	0.45
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.14	0.11	0.06	0.08	0.04	0.07	0.05
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.01
Other academic position	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.10	0.07	0.09	0.08
Industry	0.09	0.10	0.11	0.12	0.22	0.16	0.21
Federal labs and other government	0.11	0.10	0.08	0.09	0.06	0.10	0.05
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.07	0.05	0.06	0.11	0.08	0.09	0.08
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.42	0.48	0.58	0.51	0.64	0.61	0.68
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.49	0.56	0.57	0.46	n/a	0.47	0.54
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.47	0.48	0.54	0.41	n/a	0.41	0.53

Page 153 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.4N Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs from 26 High-Quality Institutions—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel A: Number in 1–2 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	30	91	37	30	11		39
Part-time employed	54	57	83	62	28	44	44
Working outside science and engineering	21	43	17	125	28	68	20
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	526	374	389	214	283	242	179
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	112	58	87	125	24	58	100
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	476	963	1166	1194	1531	1326	1555
Other academic position	116	81	211	182	217	193	296
Industry	91	98	227	156	145	211	166
Federal labs and other government	101	118	99	179	127	169	88
Other jobs (including self-employed)	75	131	150	134	101	83	90
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	1079	1337	1710	1607	2033	1874	1943
Supported by federal grants/contracts	1007	1235	1413	1108	n/a	1128	1369
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	899	1037	1205	910	n/a	1033	1239
Panel B: Number in 3–4 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	33	31	80	43	28	23	27
Part-time employed	41	31	52	73	102	98	75
Working outside science and engineering	46	35	12	31	46	79	110
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	706	745	729	536	454	378	312
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	153	111	77	57	49	90	85
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	168	283	495	607	622	773	793
Other academic position	121	141	274	290	350	302	327
Industry	91	190	334	602	452	360	437
Federal labs and other government	109	160	157	97	141	117	176
Other jobs (including self-employed)	103	122	102	160	131	57	79
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	796	929	1544	1588	1674	1470	1619
Supported by federal grants/contracts	937	1062	1165	1124	n/a	992	1112
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	841	907	968	915	n/a	816	1062

Page 154 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel C: Number in 5–6 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	19	12	9	8	20	8	25
Part-time employed	64	95	71	116	32	86	89
Working outside science and engineering	42	55	35	72	49	72	92
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	733	904	946	926	719	713	513
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	165	197	115	80	150	61	102
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	21	104	135	254	328	297	381
Other academic position	53	92	261	201	292	200	396
Industry	123	159	196	514	402	434	400
Federal labs and other government	155	121	162	230	179	184	98
Other jobs (including self-employed)	64	97	225	160	170	252	84
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	627	964	1239	1322	1607	1657	1431
Supported by federal grants/contracts	801	1066	1170	993	n/a	953	1019
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	678	893	1054	888	n/a	862	905
Panel D: Number in 7–8 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	11	62	20	21			44
Part-time employed	31	34	78	36	71	120	36
Working outside science and engineering	24	50	27	58	189	91	49
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	582	766	1078	976	925	830	900
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	120	200	83	71	44	126	38
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	21	57	34	45	112	152	143
Other academic position	28	45	110	186	321	253	208
Industry	74	129	233	360	623	483	429
Federal labs and other government	113	144	198	214	147	155	198
Other jobs (including self-employed)	75	132	199	188	147	162	231
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	455	709	939	1309	1613	1424	1545
Supported by federal grants/contracts	648	870	1025	1047	n/a	1088	1081
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	604	727	797	1001	n/a	1050	1017

Page 155 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel E: Number in 9–10 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	19	11	33	12	26	34	18
Part-time employed	38	59	80	55	120	55	103
Working outside science and engineering	25	68	67	101	77	123	48
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	502	753	988	913	1218	884	1069
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	149	157	119	175	104	175	117
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)		15	10	45	37	63	24
Other academic position	17	31	70	224	202	205	195
Industry	96	153	208	261	604	391	508
Federal labs and other government	118	155	146	205	163	248	127
Other jobs (including self-employed)	78	81	111	236	223	204	183
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	405	641	953	1054	1639	1325	1507
Supported by federal grants/contracts	474	749	938	942	n/a	1014	1197
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	447	644	899	845	n/a	895	1173

Page 156 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.5F Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs from Other Institutions—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel A: Fraction of 1–2 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.02
Part-time employed	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.02
Working outside science and engineering	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.23	0.20	0.17	0.13	0.12	0.10	0.10
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.17	0.11	0.08	0.06	0.05	0.07	0.05
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.19	0.34	0.41	0.39	0.43	0.41	0.50
Other academic position	0.08	0.04	0.06	0.10	0.06	0.12	0.11
Industry	0.09	0.12	0.12	0.13	0.14	0.13	0.08
Federal labs and other government	0.12	0.10	0.06	0.05	0.08	0.06	0.04
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.03
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.50	0.54	0.67	0.65	0.73	0.66	0.67
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.48	0.47	0.55	0.43	n/a	0.43	0.47
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.39	0.37	0.47	0.33	n/a	0.36	0.43
Panel B: Fraction of 3–4 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02
Part-time employed	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.03
Working outside science and engineering	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.05	0.05
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.38	0.28	0.28	0.25	0.21	0.17	0.13
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.17	0.15	0.10	0.07	0.03	0.07	0.09
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.04	0.10	0.17	0.19	0.21	0.26	0.28
Other academic position	0.05	0.05	0.07	0.08	0.11	0.09	0.12
Industry	0.12	0.15	0.17	0.20	0.20	0.18	0.16
Federal labs and other government	0.13	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.11	0.07	0.08
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.06	0.09	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.04
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.41	0.42	0.61	0.58	0.67	0.66	0.59
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.47	0.42	0.41	0.39	n/a	0.38	0.43
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.38	0.34	0.34	0.32	n/a	0.34	0.37

Page 157 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel C: Fraction of 5–6 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02
Part-time employed	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.04	0.05
Working outside science and engineering	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.06
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.39	0.34	0.30	0.30	0.26	0.25	0.22
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.16	0.16	0.12	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.09
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.02	0.04	0.07	0.10	0.09	0.12	0.13
Other academic position	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.10	0.07	0.10
Industry	0.11	0.12	0.19	0.20	0.26	0.24	0.19
Federal labs and other government	0.17	0.15	0.15	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.09
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.06	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.04	0.05
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.43	0.38	0.47	0.52	0.60	0.58	0.62
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.41	0.42	0.37	0.33	n/a	0.34	0.35
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.35	0.33	0.31	0.27	n/a	0.30	0.31
Panel D: Fraction of 7–8 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Part-time employed	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.03
Working outside science and engineering	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.06	0.06
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.45	0.43	0.35	0.35	0.31	0.29	0.29
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.16	0.14	0.14	0.10	0.07	0.06	0.09
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.05	0.06
Other academic position	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.08	0.10	0.07
Industry	0.13	0.12	0.19	0.22	0.24	0.22	0.23
Federal labs and other government	0.14	0.14	0.11	0.11	0.09	0.12	0.10
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.04	0.07	0.09	0.07	0.08	0.06	0.06
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.41	0.39	0.40	0.46	0.58	0.59	0.56
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.46	0.41	0.33	0.32	n/a	0.34	0.34
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.37	0.34	0.27	0.26	n/a	0.29	0.30

Page 158 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel E: Fraction of 9–10 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00
Part-time employed	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02
Working outside science and engineering	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.07	0.05
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.47	0.39	0.34	0.32	0.33	0.28	0.29
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.14	0.16	0.17	0.11	0.07	0.09	0.05
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04
Other academic position	0.01	0.01	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.10
Industry	0.13	0.12	0.11	0.20	0.23	0.24	0.24
Federal labs and other government	0.15	0.18	0.19	0.14	0.13	0.12	0.13
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.08	0.09	0.06	0.07
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.41	0.42	0.35	0.41	0.48	0.56	0.54
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.41	0.39	0.30	0.33	n/a	0.33	0.32
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.35	0.29	0.23	0.26	n/a	0.30	0.28

Page 159 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.5N Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs from Other Institutions—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel A: Number in 1–2 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	114	84	139	190	100	95	172
Part-time employed	141	71	139	174	272	177	158
Working outside science and engineering	115	177	61	137	138	223	299
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1410	1099	958	742	719	633	674
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	1046	625	443	385	291	428	369
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	1183	1884	2281	2304	2610	2626	3425
Other academic position	496	241	328	589	357	775	735
Industry	568	685	679	799	868	864	579
Federal labs and other government	763	565	331	305	470	382	271
Other jobs (including self-employed)	337	190	208	304	280	205	203
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	2884	2877	3487	3525	4060	3925	4188
Supported by federal grants/contracts	2800	2484	2900	2325	n/a	2517	2939
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	2289	1976	2451	1817	n/a	2146	2660
Panel B: Number in 3–4 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	37	179	47	89	47	41	146
Part-time employed	111	82	71	132	193	296	213
Working outside science and engineering	133	150	145	63	114	308	348
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1978	1591	1572	1481	1240	1014	850
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	856	872	554	434	198	452	572
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	216	573	961	1135	1208	1579	1771
Other academic position	258	277	369	483	624	569	779
Industry	615	817	955	1202	1141	1059	995
Federal labs and other government	649	605	579	557	661	435	480
Other jobs (including self-employed)	287	483	281	361	356	298	234
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	1980	2195	3214	3273	3645	3589	3376
Supported by federal grants/contracts	2286	2166	2139	2186	n/a	2054	2439
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	1839	1749	1775	1804	n/a	1858	2079

Page 160 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel C: Number in 5–6 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	24	120	143	46	72	97	141
Part-time employed	102	122	78	185	85	222	309
Working outside science and engineering	60	241	137	217	197	269	368
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1478	2184	1645	1647	1526	1454	1303
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	611	1007	668	525	501	415	535
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	73	279	381	561	511	704	790
Other academic position	124	215	277	327	569	421	582
Industry	426	746	1018	1143	1572	1386	1172
Federal labs and other government	650	944	800	570	555	594	535
Other jobs (including self-employed)	236	516	354	357	393	253	312
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	1559	2236	2437	2693	3384	3045	3252
Supported by federal grants/contracts	1470	2448	1897	1695	n/a	1783	1831
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	1248	1921	1571	1383	n/a	1592	1607
Panel D: Number in 7–8 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	25	33	49	73	32	66	69
Part-time employed	44	85	91	130	229	188	191
Working outside science and engineering	97	149	140	263	240	372	316
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1314	2230	1821	1949	1938	1663	1621
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	461	730	715	560	444	319	530
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	24	134	151	111	325	308	322
Other academic position	49	138	223	305	508	562	386
Industry	377	643	1025	1223	1502	1254	1305
Federal labs and other government	401	726	597	615	583	715	572
Other jobs (including self-employed)	126	339	450	405	506	342	326
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	1116	1931	2010	2388	3345	3067	2856
Supported by federal grants/contracts	1268	2038	1645	1669	n/a	1774	1745
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	1011	1674	1348	1337	n/a	1521	1540

Page 161 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel E: Number in 9–10 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	11	66	95	69	15	77	26
Part-time employed	34	70	100	177	157	129	139
Working outside science and engineering	90	156	219	196	219	436	292
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1170	1514	2068	1652	1787	1704	1656
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	352	634	1037	568	404	554	305
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	7	49	49	87	134	201	204
Other academic position	30	32	327	201	289	369	550
Industry	334	464	639	1060	1280	1470	1374
Federal labs and other government	367	722	1114	734	732	716	755
Other jobs (including self-employed)	84	196	361	440	468	360	405
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	952	1503	1950	1950	2453	3009	2838
Supported by federal grants/contracts	972	1393	1663	1542	n/a	1798	1671
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	819	1055	1308	1237	n/a	1601	1491

Page 162 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.6F Career Progression of Nonbiomedical Life-Science PhDs—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel A: Fraction of 1–2 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.01	0.02	0.01
Part-time employed	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.05	0.07	0.02	0.04
Working outside science and engineering	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.08
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.27	0.27	0.30	0.24	0.20	0.12	0.16
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.24	0.11	0.13	0.07	0.06	0.11	0.09
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.06	0.14	0.14	0.19	0.22	0.30	0.33
Other academic position	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.12	0.03	0.11	0.07
Industry	0.11	0.18	0.18	0.14	0.23	0.13	0.11
Federal labs and other government	0.19	0.18	0.11	0.10	0.12	0.12	0.05
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.06
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.41	0.45	0.51	0.61	0.69	0.62	0.62
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.39	0.38	0.51	0.37	n/a	0.38	0.41
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.29	0.26	0.31	0.25	n/a	0.28	0.31
Panel B: Fraction of 3–4 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.00	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02
Part-time employed	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.05	0.04	0.07	0.03
Working outside science and engineering	0.01	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.04	0.04
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.43	0.29	0.24	0.37	0.29	0.22	0.13
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.17	0.16	0.13	0.03	0.04	0.06	0.11
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.09	0.07	0.15	0.22
Other academic position	0.03	0.05	0.09	0.09	0.08	0.10	0.13
Industry	0.15	0.21	0.26	0.22	0.20	0.19	0.15
Federal labs and other government	0.17	0.18	0.16	0.10	0.19	0.13	0.13
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.04	0.05
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.38	0.33	0.53	0.57	0.58	0.59	0.52
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.43	0.36	0.33	0.45	n/a	0.22	0.44
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.35	0.31	0.20	0.35	n/a	0.15	0.34

Page 163 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel C: Fraction of 5–6 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.05
Part-time employed	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.06	0.07
Working outside science and engineering	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.06	0.04
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.34	0.30	0.27	0.33	0.37	0.29	0.24
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.20	0.21	0.14	0.14	0.09	0.07	0.03
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.12
Other academic position	0.01	0.01	0.07	0.04	0.07	0.05	0.1
Industry	0.10	0.12	0.18	0.18	0.21	0.24	0.19
Federal labs and other government	0.27	0.23	0.26	0.15	0.16	0.11	0.15
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.02	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.06	0.02
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.45	0.31	0.45	0.43	0.63	0.52	0.69
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.37	0.41	0.28	0.33	n/a	0.33	0.32
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.31	0.31	0.22	0.23	n/a	0.25	0.23
Panel D: Fraction of 7–8 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.01
Part-time employed	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.05	0.02	0.02
Working outside science and engineering	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.05	0.09	0.09
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.49	0.45	0.34	0.31	0.33	0.26	0.27
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.15	0.13	0.15	0.11	0.05	0.08	0.11
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03
Other academic position	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.09	0.08	0.05
Industry	0.11	0.13	0.23	0.25	0.25	0.18	0.22
Federal labs and other government	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.17	0.13	0.20	0.12
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.06	0.03	0.05	0.06
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.44	0.38	0.31	0.45	0.53	0.6	0.52
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.52	0.42	0.30	0.29	n/a	0.29	0.37
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.43	0.34	0.23	0.19	n/a	0.21	0.32

Page 164 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel E: Fraction of 9–10 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.02	0.00
Part-time employed	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02
Working outside science and engineering	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.07	0.05
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.47	0.31	0.26	0.26	0.37	0.30	0.28
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.16	0.19	0.26	0.13	0.10	0.12	0.06
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.04	0.02	0.03
Other academic position	0.01	0.02	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.10
Industry	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.18	0.14	0.19	0.18
Federal labs and other government	0.19	0.30	0.25	0.25	0.17	0.18	0.20
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.08	0.04	0.07
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.45	0.43	0.32	0.41	0.46	0.51	0.57
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.39	0.36	0.27	0.28	n/a	0.29	0.32
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.33	0.24	0.20	0.23	n/a	0.21	0.28

Page 165 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.6N Career Progression of Nonbiomedical Life-Science PhDs—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel A: Number in 1–2 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	23	31	66	105	31	43	12
Part-time employed	38	11	48	105	146	39	78
Working outside science and engineering	45	56	26	79	37	76	151
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	615	547	573	562	426	259	307
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	542	218	243	163	135	237	178
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	138	290	280	438	460	643	632
Other academic position	125	107	78	270	57	228	131
Industry	258	364	344	313	492	278	221
Federal labs and other government	423	374	222	227	263	256	103
Other jobs (including self-employed)	49	57	55	49	89	60	111
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	890	879	914	1238	1324	1211	1047
Supported by federal grants/contracts	833	751	908	758	n/a	743	688
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	615	512	561	509	n/a	542	520
Panel B: Number in 3–4 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	4	74	25	34	13	17	32
Part-time employed	17	23	21	102	84	129	59
Working outside science and engineering	22	41	75	33	42	69	88
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	849	609	508	818	635	426	270
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	338	328	264	71	92	108	230
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	35	41	86	204	159	291	462
Other academic position	59	108	180	205	171	185	267
Industry	298	442	533	493	434	355	305
Federal labs and other government	337	366	341	229	419	254	271
Other jobs (including self-employed)	17	35	56	38	112	81	97
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	737	638	1051	1167	1163	1007	997
Supported by federal grants/contracts	823	704	657	918	n/a	382	843
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	671	601	387	720	n/a	254	639

Page 166 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel C: Number in 5–6 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	12	21	35	0	25	18	95
Part-time employed	45	36	25	34	23	124	124
Working outside science and engineering	30	94	13	105	26	117	70
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	519	688	527	620	763	568	447
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	312	487	268	267	180	142	48
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	16	59	2	102	57	108	213
Other academic position	14	26	131	70	141	94	179
Industry	154	274	341	339	436	468	348
Federal labs and other government	416	514	493	283	337	216	279
Other jobs (including self-employed)	28	81	86	86	93	110	38
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	663	662	834	758	1256	883	1064
Supported by federal grants/contracts	539	882	517	580	n/a	570	493
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	458	650	399	409	n/a	429	354
Panel D: Number in 7–8 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0	24	18	31	4	30	25
Part-time employed	5	24	5	23	124	51	35
Working outside science and engineering	55	37	33	77	121	178	161
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	629	922	617	636	782	549	489
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	190	264	268	217	117	168	206
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	5	29	2	37	44	54	58
Other academic position	8	47	55	66	203	169	96
Industry	138	265	429	507	595	369	387
Federal labs and other government	233	369	330	356	295	421	219
Other jobs (including self-employed)	32	60	70	116	59	99	116
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)						2088
Engaged primarily in research	545	746	557	874	1120	1092	823
Supported by federal grants/contracts	637	820	524	563	n/a	525	577
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	528	656	405	374	n/a	380	510

Page 167 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel E: Number in 9–10 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	13	21	24	12	0	43	0
Part-time employed	11	12	31	64	46	37	41
Working outside science and engineering	43	56	124	91	58	159	99
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	587	456	674	483	733	671	547
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	205	280	658	240	197	276	117
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	3	5	6	10	74	34	53
Other academic position	18	23	101	86	90	113	198
Industry	128	137	216	340	274	428	349
Federal labs and other government	236	434	650	458	330	397	393
Other jobs (including self-employed)	18	34	75	74	164	83	138
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	533	589	751	693	865	1013	1024
Supported by federal grants/contracts	465	498	645	472	n/a	575	571
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	393	330	473	394	n/a	430	507

Page 168 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.7F Career Progression of Biomedical Life-Science PhDs—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel A: Fraction of 1–2 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.03
Part-time employed	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02
Working outside science and engineering	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.24	0.17	0.13	0.07	0.09	0.09	0.07
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.11	0.08	0.05	0.06	0.03	0.04	0.04
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.28	0.46	0.52	0.51	0.57	0.49	0.58
Other academic position	0.09	0.04	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.11	0.12
Industry	0.07	0.08	0.09	0.11	0.08	0.12	0.07
Federal labs and other government	0.08	0.06	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.03
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.03	0.02
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.60	0.65	0.74	0.70	0.78	0.74	0.72
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.58	0.58	0.59	0.48	n/a	0.47	0.51
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.50	0.49	0.54	0.40	n/a	0.42	0.48
Panel B: Fraction of 3–4 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02
Part-time employed	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.04	0.03
Working outside science and engineering	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.05	0.05
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.39	0.32	0.31	0.19	0.18	0.15	0.13
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.14	0.12	0.06	0.07	0.03	0.07	0.06
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.07	0.15	0.24	0.25	0.28	0.32	0.31
Other academic position	0.07	0.06	0.08	0.09	0.13	0.11	0.12
Industry	0.09	0.10	0.13	0.21	0.19	0.17	0.17
Federal labs and other government	0.09	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.06
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.08	0.11	0.06	0.08	0.06	0.04	0.03
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.47	0.49	0.68	0.62	0.74	0.70	0.67
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.55	0.50	0.48	0.40	n/a	0.46	0.45
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.46	0.41	0.43	0.34	n/a	0.42	0.42

Page 169 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel C: Fraction of 5–6 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Part-time employed	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.04
Working outside science and engineering	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.06
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.46	0.40	0.36	0.31	0.24	0.26	0.21
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.13	0.12	0.09	0.05	0.08	0.05	0.09
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.02	0.05	0.09	0.11	0.13	0.15	0.15
Other academic position	0.04	0.05	0.07	0.07	0.12	0.09	0.13
Industry	0.11	0.11	0.15	0.21	0.25	0.22	0.19
Federal labs and other government	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.08	0.06	0.09	0.06
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.07	0.09	0.09	0.07	0.08	0.06	0.06
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.44	0.47	0.54	0.57	0.64	0.67	0.64
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.50	0.48	0.48	0.37	n/a	0.38	0.42
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.43	0.40	0.42	0.33	n/a	0.36	0.38
Panel D: Fraction of 7–8 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.1
Part-time employed	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.03
Working outside science and engineering	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.03
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.47	0.43	0.42	0.40	0.32	0.32	0.33
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.14	0.14	0.10	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.06
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.06	0.07	0.07
Other academic position	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.07	0.10	0.11	0.08
Industry	0.12	0.11	0.15	0.19	0.23	0.23	0.22
Federal labs and other government	0.10	0.10	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.09
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.06	0.09	0.11	0.08	0.09	0.07	0.07
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.41	0.42	0.46	0.54	0.64	0.62	0.63
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.51	0.47	0.42	0.41	n/a	0.43	0.40
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.43	0.39	0.34	0.37	n/a	0.40	0.36

Page 170 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel E: Fraction of 9–10 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Part-time employed	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.02	0.03
Working outside science and engineering	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.04
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	0.48	0.46	0.45	0.37	0.36	0.31	0.35
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	0.13	0.13	0.09	0.09	0.05	0.07	0.05
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.03
Other academic position	0.01	0.01	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.09
Industry	0.13	0.12	0.12	0.18	0.26	0.23	0.25
Federal labs and other government	0.11	0.11	0.12	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.08
Other jobs (including self-employed)	0.06	0.06	0.08	0.11	0.08	0.08	0.07
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	0.39	0.43	0.44	0.45	0.56	0.60	0.58
Supported by federal grants/contracts	0.47	0.46	0.40	0.39	n/a	0.40	0.40
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	0.41	0.38	0.36	0.33	n/a	0.37	0.38

Page 171 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.7N Career Progression of Biomedical Life-Science PhDs—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel A: Number in 1–2 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	121	144	110	115	80	52	199
Part-time employed	157	117	174	131	154	182	124
Working outside science and engineering	91	164	52	183	129	215	168
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1321	926	774	394	576	619	546
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	616	465	287	347	180	249	291
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	1521	2557	3167	3060	3681	3309	4348
Other academic position	487	215	461	501	517	740	900
Industry	401	419	562	642	521	797	524
Federal labs and other government	441	309	208	257	334	295	256
Other jobs (including self-employed)	363	264	303	389	292	228	182
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	3073	3335	4283	3894	4769	4588	5084
Supported by federal grants/contracts	2974	2968	3405	2675	n/a	2902	3620
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	2573	2501	3095	2218	n/a	2637	3379
Panel B: Number in 3–4 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	66	136	102	98	62	47	141
Part-time employed	135	90	102	103	211	265	229
Working outside science and engineering	157	144	82	61	118	318	370
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1835	1727	1793	1199	1059	966	892
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	671	655	367	420	155	434	427
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	349	815	1370	1538	1671	2061	2102
Other academic position	320	310	463	568	803	686	839
Industry	408	565	756	1311	1159	1064	1127
Federal labs and other government	421	399	395	425	383	298	385
Other jobs (including self-employed)	373	570	327	483	375	274	216
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	2039	2486	3707	3694	4156	4052	3998
Supported by federal grants/contracts	2400	2524	2647	2392	n/a	2664	2708
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	2009	2055	2356	1999	n/a	2420	2502

Page 172 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel C: Number in 5–6 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	31	111	117	54	67	87	71
Part-time employed	121	181	124	267	94	184	274
Working outside science and engineering	72	202	159	184	220	224	390
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1692	2400	2064	1953	1482	1599	1369
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	464	717	515	338	471	334	589
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	78	324	514	713	782	893	958
Other academic position	163	281	407	458	720	527	799
Industry	395	631	873	1318	1538	1352	1224
Federal labs and other government	389	551	469	517	397	562	354
Other jobs (including self-employed)	272	532	493	431	470	395	358
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	1523	2538	2842	3257	3735	3819	3619
Supported by federal grants/contracts	1732	2632	2550	2108	n/a	2166	2357
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	1468	2164	2226	1862	n/a	2025	2158
Panel D: Number in 7–8 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	36	71	51	63	28	36	88
Part-time employed	70	95	164	133	176	257	192
Working outside science and engineering	66	162	134	244	308	285	204
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1267	2074	2282	2289	2081	1944	2032
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	391	666	530	414	371	277	362
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	40	162	183	119	393	406	407
Other academic position	69	136	278	425	626	646	498
Industry	313	507	829	1076	1530	1368	1347
Federal labs and other government	281	501	465	473	435	449	551
Other jobs (including self-employed)	169	411	579	477	594	405	441
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)						6073
Engaged primarily in research	1026	1894	2392	2823	3838	3399	3578
Supported by federal grants/contracts	1279	2088	2146	2153	n/a	2337	2249
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	1087	1745	1740	1964	n/a	2191	2047

Page 173 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

	Survey Year
	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Panel E: Number in 9–10 Year Cohort
Not in Full-time S&E Work Force
Unemployed and seeking position	17	56	104	69	41	68	44
Part-time employed	61	117	149	168	231	147	201
Working outside science and engineering	72	168	162	206	238	400	241
Full-time employed in S&E field
Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions	1085	1811	2382	2082	2272	1917	2178
Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst	296	511	498	503	311	453	305
Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)	4	59	53	122	97	230	175
Other academic position	29	40	296	339	401	461	547
Industry	302	480	631	981	1610	1433	1533
Federal labs and other government	249	443	610	481	565	567	489
Other jobs (including self-employed)	144	243	397	602	527	481	450
Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)
Engaged primarily in research	824	1555	2152	2311	3227	3321	3321
Supported by federal grants/contracts	981	1644	1956	2012	n/a	2237	2297
Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA	873	1369	1734	1688	n/a	2066	2157

Page 174 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Table F.8 Number of Citizen and Permanent Resident Life-Science PhDs by sector, 1973–1995

	1973	1977	1981	1985	1989	1993	1995
Unemployed and seeking	343	869	879	1063	852	1414	1682
Part-time employment	809	940	1463	2164	3016	4581	4447
Working outside S&E	951	1775	1606	3392	4355	6378	6457
Tenure-track faculty: PhD-granting inst.	13685	18957	23923	27838	31857	32908	34257
Tenure-track faculty: other inst.	4817	6316	7469	8048	8191	9272	10014
Postdoctoral appointments	2202	4402	5772	6461	7567	8316	9851
Other academic appointments	1401	1438	3062	4251	5734	6532	7828
Industry	3547	5938	8845	13308	17724	20517	21185
Federal labs & other gov't	4406	6174	7503	8474	10160	10675	11143
Self-employed & others	1835	3117	4550	6035	7196	7733	8120
Total PhDs in workforce	33996	49926	65072	81034	96652	103920	114984

Page 175 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

Appendix G
Getting Started on the World Wide Web: Web Sites of Interest to Young Scientists

This list is a starting point for readers who wish to search the Internet for information relevant to this report. It is neither complete nor fully representative. New sites open daily, and sites are discontinued without notice. Inclusion in the following list does not necessarily imply endorsement by the committee of the information found at the site.

Sites with a Focus on Young Scientists

National Academy of Sciences Career Planning Center: http://www.nas.edu/cpc/index.html
Science's Next Wave: http://nextwave.org
Young Scientists' Network: http://www.edoc.com/jrl-bin/wilma/ema.800726377.htm [electronic newsletter] http://www.physics.uiuc.edu/ysn/ [archives and other information]
Network of Emerging Scientists: http://pegasus.uthct.edu/nes/nes.html
Pandora Science Policy Site: http://www.mit.edu:8001/afs/athena.mit.edu/user/e/r/erw/public/pandoralid.html

Networking and Education Sites

Networking on the Network: http://weber.ucsd.edu/˜pagre/network.html
Principles of Protein Structure: http://www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/pps/index.html http://pdb.pdb.bnl.gov/pps/index.html (us mirror site)
Globewide Network Academy: http://www.gnacademy.org
The Glycoprotein Network and electronic conferencing: http://bellatrix.pcl.ox.ac.uk/tgn/Welcome.html

Page 176 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.

BioMOO: http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/biomoo

Scientific Societies

National Academy of Sciences (NAS): http://www.nas.edu
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB): http://www.faseb.org
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): http://www.aaas.org
Association for Women in Science (AWIS): http://www.awis.org
American Psychological Association (APA): http://www.apa.org
American Society for Microbiology (ASM): http://www.asmusa.org
Society for Neuroscience (SN): http://www.sfn.org
American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB): http://www.ascb.org
Links: The World of Science (hot links to American Chemical Society, and so on) http://www.annurev.org/general/univrsty.htm
The World Wide Web Virtual Library of Biology Societies and Organizations: http://golgi.harvard.edu/afagen/depts/orgs.html
American Society of Plant Physiologists http://aspp.org