First Name
Last Name
Email (required)
I agree to receive emails from the National Academies (required)

We respect your privacy and will never share your information.

Search this publication

Front Matter i-iii
Contents iv-vi
Summary vi-viii
A0-1 Introduction 1-8
A1-1 Chapter One: Communication Mediums, Protocols, and Terminals 9-9
A.1.1 Wire Mediums and Terminals 10-62
A.1.2 Fiber Mediums and Terminals 63-131
A.1.3 Wireless Communications 132-197
A.1.4 Computer Considerations in Communication 198-203
A.1.5 Communication Networks and Protocols 204-245
A.1.6 Video Applications in ITS 246-262
A.1.7 Commercial Communication Services 263-344
A2-1 Chapter Two: ITS Communication System Design 345-345
A.2.1 Analog versus Digital Communication System 345-347
A.2.2 Theoretical and In Practice Capacity of Digital Communication Mediums 348-352
A.2.3 Repeaterless Link Distances: Link Budgets 353-357
A.2.4 Multimedia Communications Networks 358-360
A.2.5 Communication Load Analysis 361-365
A.2.6 ITS Network Architecture and Topology 366-377
A.2.7 ITS Communication Network Topology 378-378
A.2.8 Fault Tolerant Networks 379-382
A3-1 Chapter Three: Example ITS Communication Designs and Costs 383-383
A.3.1 ITS Communication Infrastructure Cost Estimating 383-397
A.3.2 Example ITS Communcation System Designs and Costs 398-436
A4-1 Chapter Four: Communication System Support 437-437
A.4.1 General Overview: Maintainability of Advanced Communication Systems 437-449
A.4.2 Reliabiligy, Availability, and Maintainability of Advanced Communication Systems 450-452
A.4.3 Maintenance Personnel Staffing 453-460
A.4.4 Spares 461-461
A.4.5 Test, Measurement, and Diagnostic Equipment 462-471
A.4.6 Life Cycle Cost Estimating 472-490
A.4.7 References and Standards 491-498
A5-1 Chapter Five: Strategies and Tools 499-499
A.5.1 Barriers 499-501
A.5.2 Procurement Policy 502-504
A.5.3 Life Cycle Cost Analyses and Evaluation of a Technology 505-513
A.5.4 Measures of Effectiveness for Communications Technology 514-517
A.5.5 Reliability 518-537

Log In

Former MyNAP users: You'll need to reset your password on your first login to MyAcademies. Click "Forgot password" below to receive a reset link via email. Having trouble? Visit our FAQ page to contact support.

Members of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, or National Academy of Medicine should log in through their respective Academy portals.

Email (required)
Password (required)

Don't have an account?

Register

Email (required)
New password (required)
Retype password (required) Password must be at least 8 characters
I agree to receive emails from the National Academies
I accept the terms of use
terms of use

Thank You

Thank you for creating a MyAcademies account!

Enjoy free access to thousands of National Academies' publications, a 10% discount off every purchase, and build your personal library.

Forgot Password

Enter the email address for your MyAcademies (formerly MyNAP) account to receive password reset instructions.

Email (required)

Reset Requested

We sent password reset instructions to your email . Follow the link in that email to create a new password. Didn't receive it? Check your spam folder or contact us for assistance.

Reset Password

New password (required)
Retype password (required) Password must be at least 8 characters

Reset Password

Your password has been reset.

Verify email

Verify Your Email Address

We sent a verification link to your email. Please check your inbox (and spam folder) and follow the link to verify your email address. If you did not receive the email, you can request a new verification link below

Communication Mediums for Signal, ITS, and Freeway Surveillance Systems: Final Report (1996)

Chapter: A.4.4 Spares

My Academies

Communication Mediums for Signal, ITS, and Freeway Surveillance Systems: Final Report (1996)

Chapter: A.4.4 Spares