Separation Technologies for the Industries of the Future (1998)
Chapter: Front Matter
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.
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This study by the National Materials Advisory Board was conducted under a contract with the Department of Energy. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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Cover: Background photograph: Hydrogen plant at refinery. Courtesy of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Top inset photograph: Glass containers and cullet for recycling. Courtesy of the Glass Packaging Institute. Middle inset photograph: Paper drying on a laboratory scale. Courtesy of the Institute of Paper Science and Technology. Bottom inset photograph: Refined alumina. Courtesy of Alcan Aluminum Ltd.
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PANEL ON SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY FOR INDUSTRIAL RECYCLING AND REUSE
GEORGE E. KELLER II (chair), consultant,
South Charleston, West Virginia
R. RAY BEEBE, consultant,
Tucson, Arizona
RICHARD J. FRUEHAN,
Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
NORMAN N. LI,
NL Chemical Technology, Inc., Arlington Heights, Illinois
EVE L. MENGER,
Corning, Inc. (retired), Corning, New York
GUIDO P. PEZ,
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pennsylvania
PETER H. PFROMM,
Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
RONALD W. ROUSSEAU,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
MICHAEL P. THOMAS,
Alcan Aluminum Corporation, Shelbyville, Tennessee
National Materials Advisory Board Staff
THOMAS E. MUNNS, Associate Director
BONNIE A. SCARBOROUGH, Program Officer
AIDA C. NEEL, Senior Project Assistant
LOIS LOBO, Research Associate
Government Liaison
CHARLES RUSSOMANNO,
U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTS
R. RAY BEEBE (chair), consultant,
Tucson, Arizona
GARY A. BAUM,
Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
PHILIP H. BRODSKY,
Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri
JOHN V. BUSCH,
IBIS Associates, Wellesley, Massachusetts
NORMAN A. GJOSTEIN, consultant,
Dearborn, Michigan
FRANCIS C. MCMICHAEL,
Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
MAXINE L. SAVITZ,
AlliedSignal Aerospace Corporation, Torrance, California
Government Liaisons
DENISE SWINK,
U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
JAMES E. QUINN,
U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
NATIONAL MATERIALS ADVISORY BOARD
ROBERT A. LAUDISE (chair),
Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey
G.J. ABBASCHIAN,
University of Florida, Gainesville
MICHAEL I. BASKES,
Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California
JESSE L. BEAUCHAMP,
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
FRANCIS DISALVO,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
EARL DOWELL,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
EDWARD C. DOWLING,
Cyprus AMAX Minerals Company, Englewood, Colorado
THOMAS EAGAR,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
ANTHONY G. EVANS,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
JOHN A.S. GREEN,
The Aluminum Association, Washington, D.C.
SIEGFRIED S. HECKER,
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
JOHN H. HOPPS, JR.,
Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgia
MICHAEL JAFFE, consultant,
Maplewood, New Jersey
LISA KLEIN,
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
SYLVIA M. JOHNSON,
SRI International, Menlo Park, California
HARRY A. LIPSITT,
Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
ALAN G. MILLER,
Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, Seattle, Washington
RICHARD S. MULLER,
University of California, Berkeley
ROBERT C. PFAHL JR.,
Motorola, Schaumburg, Illinois
ELSA REICHMANIS,
Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey
KENNETH L. REIFSNIDER,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg
JAMES WAGNER,
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
BILL G.W. YEE,
Pratt and Whitney, West Palm Beach, Florida
RICHARD CHAIT, Director
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Panel on Separation Technology for Industrial Recycling and Reuse would like to thank the presenters and participants in the two workshops that served as the principal data-gathering sessions for this study. Presenters at the October 1997 workshop on industrial separation technology were: Earl Beaver, Monsanto; David Carter, Allied Metals Corp.; Robert P. Foley, Illinois Institute of Technology; Donald R. Hubbard, Champion International; H.S. Muralidhara, Cargill, Inc.; Ray D. Peterson, Reynolds Metal Co.; Charles G. Scouten, Amoco; and Malcolm B. Wood, consultant. Presenters at the December 1997 workshop on separation technology research were: Thomas J. Bruno, National Institute of Standards and Technology; Edward C. Dowling, Cyprus Amax Minerals Company; Richard R. Klimpel, RK Associates; Garry R. Kenny, Magnetic Separation Systems, Inc.; Frank S. Knoll, Carpco, Inc.; H.S. Muralidhara, Cargill, Inc.; Elwin L. Rooy, Elwin Rooy and Associates; Anna Lee Y. Tonkovich, Pacific Northwest Laboratory; and Norman L. Weinberg, Electrosynthesis.
This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC' s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the authors and the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The content of the review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report: Mari Chesser, Weyerhauser; Edward Dowling, Cleveland Cliffs, Inc.; Merton Flemings, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; C. Judson King, University of California;
PREFACE
The seven industries discussed in this report have widely divergent interests, concerns, and priorities. During the course of this project, the panel discovered how broadly and narrowly "separation" can be defined and had to grapple with the task of focusing the definition in a way that would be useful to our sponsors. In the process, we all learned a great deal about the various industries and changed our definitions of separation technology.
I wish to thank the members of the panel for their hard work and enthusiasm in searching out potential cross-cutting areas of research in separation technology. I hope that readers will find this report to be enlightening and worthwhile. Comments and suggestions can be sent via electronic mail to nmab@nas.edu or via facsimile to the National Materials Advisory Board at (202) 334–3718.
GEORGE E. KELLER II, CHAIR
PANEL ON SEPARATIONS TECHNOLOGY FOR
INDUSTRIAL RECYCLING AND REUSE
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TABLES AND FIGURES
Tables
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1-1 |
Status of Vision Documents and Road Maps for the Industries of the Future, |
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2-1 |
Projected Sizes of Semiconductor Devices and Gas Purity Requirements for Contaminant-Free Manufacturing, |
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2-2 |
Candidates for Energy Savings of 33 Percent through Hybrid Technologies Involving Membranes and Distillation, |
Figures
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1-1 |
Separation in manufacturing processes, |
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4-1 |
Membrane reactor configuration used in dehydrogenation technology, |
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4-2 |
Schematic illustration of affinity chromatography, |
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4-3 |
Schematic illustration of the relationship between energy costs, product purity, and process variability, |
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5-1 |
Separation issues for the aluminum industry, |
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9-1 |
Schematic illustration of bleached pulp production emphasizing chlorine, a nonprocess element (NPE), |
