Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment (2000)
Chapter: Summary Table: Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD, INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE—NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS (ULa)
|
Life Stage Group |
Calcium (g/d) |
Phosphorus (g/d) |
Magnesium (mg/d)b |
Vitamin D (μg/d) |
Fluoride (mg/d) |
|
Infants |
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|
0–6 mo |
NDe |
ND |
ND |
25 |
0.7 |
|
7–12 mo |
ND |
ND |
ND |
25 |
0.9 |
|
Children |
|||||
|
1–3 y |
2.5 |
3 |
65 |
50 |
1.3 |
|
4–8 y |
2.5 |
3 |
110 |
50 |
2.2 |
|
Males, Females |
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|
9–13 y |
2.5 |
4 |
350 |
50 |
10 |
|
14–18 y |
2.5 |
4 |
350 |
50 |
10 |
|
19–70 y |
2.5 |
4 |
350 |
50 |
10 |
|
> 70 y |
2.5 |
3 |
350 |
50 |
10 |
|
Pregnancy |
|||||
|
≤ 18 y |
2.5 |
3.5 |
350 |
50 |
10 |
|
19–50 y |
2.5 |
3.5 |
350 |
50 |
10 |
|
Lactation |
|||||
|
≤ 18 y |
2.5 |
4 |
350 |
50 |
10 |
|
19–50 y |
2.5 |
4 |
350 |
50 |
10 |
|
a UL = The maximum level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Unless otherwise specified, the UL represents total intake from food, water, and supplements. Due to lack of suitable data, ULs could not be established for thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, or any carotenoids. In the absence of ULs, extra caution may be warranted in consuming levels above recommended intakes. b The ULs for magnesium represent intake from a pharmacological agent only and do not include intake from food and water. |
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|
Niacin (mg/d)c |
Vitamin B6 (mg/d) |
Folate (μg/d)c |
Choline (g/d) |
Vitamin C (mg/d) |
Vitamin E (mg/d)d |
Selenium (μg/d) |
|
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
45 |
|
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
60 |
|
10 |
30 |
300 |
1.0 |
400 |
200 |
90 |
|
15 |
40 |
400 |
1.0 |
650 |
300 |
150 |
|
20 |
60 |
600 |
2.0 |
1,200 |
600 |
280 |
|
30 |
80 |
800 |
3.0 |
1,800 |
800 |
400 |
|
35 |
100 |
1,000 |
3.5 |
2,000 |
1,000 |
400 |
|
35 |
100 |
1,000 |
3.5 |
2,000 |
1,000 |
400 |
|
30 |
80 |
800 |
3.0 |
1,800 |
800 |
400 |
|
35 |
100 |
1,000 |
3.5 |
2,000 |
1,000 |
400 |
|
30 |
80 |
800 |
3.0 |
1,800 |
800 |
400 |
|
35 |
100 |
1,000 |
3.5 |
2,000 |
1,000 |
400 |
|
c The ULs for niacin, folate, and vitamin E apply to synthetic forms obtained from supplements, fortified foods, or a combination of the two. d As α-tocopherol; applies to any form of supplemental α-tocopherol. e ND = Not determinable due to lack of data of adverse effects in this age group and concern with regard to lack of ability to handle excess amounts. Source of intake should be from food only to prevent high levels of intake. |
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Copyright 2000 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
