References
AAMC (Association of American Medical Colleges). 2023. 2022 Physician Specialty Data Report: Executive summary. Washington, DC.
Abbasi, E. 2022. States legislatures taking steps to address direct care wages. https://leadingage.org/states-legislatures-taking-steps-to-address-direct-care-wages/ (accessed August 25, 2023).
ANA (American Nurses Association). 2022. Our racial reckoning statement. Silver Spring, MD: American Nurses Association.
Anderson, S. R., M. Gianola, J. M. Perry, and E. A. R. Losin. 2020. Clinician–patient racial/ethnic concordance influences racial/ethnic minority pain: Evidence from simulated clinical interactions. Pain Medicine 21(11):3109–3125.
Ariadne Labs. 2023. Serious illness conversation guide. Boston, MA: Ariadne Labs.
Armstrong, M., E. Edwards, and D. Pinter. 2023. Corporate commitments to racial justice: An update. Columbus, OH: McKinsey Institute for Black Economic Mobility.
Bell, L. F., J. Livingston, R. M. Arnold, Y. Schenker, R. C. Kelsey, C. Ivonye, and T. W. October. 2021. Lack of exposure to palliative care training for black residents: A study of schools with highest and lowest percentages of black enrollment. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 61(5):1023–1027.
Berg, S. 2017. Better communication with patients linked to less burnout. https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/physician-health/better-communication-patients-linked-less-burnout (accessed August 25, 2023).
Boissy, A., A. K. Windover, D. Bokar, M. Karafa, K. Neuendorf, R. M. Frankel, J. Merlino, and M. B. Rothberg. 2016. Communication skills training for physicians improves patient satisfaction. Journal of General Internal Medicine 31(7):755–761.
Bowling, D., III, B. D. Richman, and K. A. Schulman. 2022. The rise and potential of physician unions. JAMA 328(7):617–618.
Busher Betancourt, D. A. 2015. Madeleine Leininger and the transcultural theory of nursing. The Downtown Review 2(1).
Campbell, S., A. D. R. Drake, R. Espinoza, and K. Scales. 2021. Caring for the future: The power and potential of America’s direct care workforce. Bronx, NY: PHI.
Chen, P. V., A. Helm, S. G. Caloudas, A. Ecker, G. Day, J. Hogan, and J. Lindsay. 2022. Evidence of phone vs. video-conferencing for mental health treatments: A review of the literature. Current Psychiatry Reports 24(10):529–539.
Christ, A. 2023. Medicare Advantage plans and supplemental benefits: Bridging the data gap for equitable access. https://healthlaw.org/medicare-advantage-plans-and-supplemental-benefits-bridging-the-data-gap-for-equitable-access/ (accessed August 23, 2023).
Cortis, L. J., R. A. McKinnon, and C. Anderson. 2013. Palliative care is everyone’s business, including pharmacists. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 77(2):21.
Crowley, R., O. Atiq, and D. Hilden. 2021. Financial profit in medicine: A position paper from the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine 174(10):1447–1449.
Curtis, J. R. 2022. Life lessons after a career in intensive care medicine. Intensive Care Medicine 48(2):257–258.
Dawson, J., I. McCarthy, C. Taylor, K. Hildenbrand, M. Leamy, E. Reynolds, and J. Maben. 2021. Effectiveness of a group intervention to reduce the psychological distress of healthcare staff: A pre-post quasi-experimental evaluation. BMC Health Services Research 21(1):392.
Dieppa, E., and R. Espinoza. 2022. Implementing the care integration senior aide: A practical guide for home and community-based services providers. Bronx, NY: PHI.
Dingfield, L. 2020. Addressing a workforce crisis: Innovations in training for HPM specialists https://www.capc.org/blog/palliative-pulse-the-palliative-pulse-february-2019-addressing-a-workforce-crisis-innovation-training-for-hpm-specialists/ (accessed August 25, 2023).
Dixon-Fyle, S., D. V. Hunt, K. Dolan, and S. Prince. 2020. Diversity wins: How inclusion matters. London, UK: McKinsey & Co.
Flatt, J. D., B. A. Hollister, and S. A. Chapman. 2018. Dementia care specialist workforce in California: Role, practice, training, and demand. San Francisco, CA: UCSF HealthWorkforce Research Center on Long-Term Care.
Gaffney, A., S. Woolhandler, C. Cai, D. Bor, J. Himmelstein, D. McCormick, and D. U. Himmelstein. 2022. Medical documentation burden among U.S. office-based physicians in 2019: A national study. JAMA Internal Medicine 182(5):564–566.
Gilbody, S., P. Bower, J. Fletcher, D. Richards, and A. J. Sutton. 2006. Collaborative care for depression: A cumulative meta-analysis and review of longer-term outcomes. Archives of Internal Medicine 166(21):2314–2321.
Goodchild, L., A. Mulligan, E. S. Green, and T. Mueller. 2022. Clinican of the future. New York: Elsevier.
Guerrero, L. R., A. C. Avgar, E. Phillips, and M. R. Sterling. 2020. They are essential workers now, and should continue to be: Social workers and home health care workers during COVID-19 and beyond. Journal of Gerontological Social Work 63(6-7):574–576.
Hobfoll, S. E., P. Watson, C. C. Bell, R. A. Bryant, M. J. Brymer, M. J. Friedman, M. Friedman, B. P. R. Gersons, J. T. V. M. de Jong, C. M. Layne, S. Maguen, Y. Neria, A. E. Norwood, R. S. Pynoos, D. Reissman, J. I. Ruzek, A. Y. Shalev, Z. Solomon, A. M. Steinberg, and R. J. Ursano. 2007. Five essential elements of immediate and mid-term mass trauma intervention: Empirical evidence. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes 70(4):283–315.
Holly, R. 2021. “A huge victory”: Home care turnover remains stable at 65.2%. https://homehealthcarenews.com/2021/05/a-huge-victory-home-care-turnover-remains-stable-at-65-2/ (accessed August 25, 2023).
Kamal, A. H., J. H. Bull, K. M. Swetz, S. P. Wolf, T. D. Shanafelt, and E. R. Myers. 2017. Future of the palliative care workforce: Preview to an impending crisis. American Journal of Medicine 130(2):113–114.
Kamal, A. H., S. P. Wolf, J. Troy, V. Leff, C. Dahlin, J. D. Rotella, G. Handzo, P. E. Rodgers, and E. R. Myers. 2019. Policy changes key to promoting sustainability and growth of the specialty palliative care workforce. Health Affairs (Millwood) 38(6):910–918.
Kreider, A. R., and R. M. Werner. 2023. The home care workforce has not kept pace with growth in home and community-based services. Health Affairs 42(5):650–657.
Kuo, E. F.-C., J. Cho, I. Olaye, D. Delgado, N. Dell, and M. R. Sterling. 2022. Understanding the technological landscape of home health aides: Scoping literature review and a landscape analysis of existing mHealth apps. Journal of Medical Internet Research 24(11):e39997.
Lancellotti, K. 2008. Culture care theory: A framework for expanding awareness of diversity and racism in nursing education. Journal of Professional Nursing 24(3):179–183.
Leff, V. 2021. Well-being debriefings for health care workers: An evidence-based method for improving well-being. New York: Center to Advance Palliative Care.
Lupu, D. 2010. Estimate of current hospice and palliative medicine physician workforce shortage. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 40(6):899–911.
Lupu, D., L. Quigley, N. Mehfoud, and E. S. Salsberg. 2018. The growing demand for hospice and palliative medicine physicians: Will the supply keep up? Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 55(4):1216–1223.
Maben, J., C. Taylor, J. Dawson, M. Leamy, I. McCarthy, E. Reynolds, S. Ross, C. Shuldham, L. Bennett, and C. Foot. 2018. Health services and delivery research. In A realist informed mixed-methods evaluation of Schwartz Center Rounds in England. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library.
Malotte, K., D. R. Naidu, C. M. Herndon, and R. S. Atayee. 2021. Multicentered evaluation of palliative care pharmacists’ interventions and outcomes in California. Journal of Palliative Medicine 24(9):1358–1363.
Mapping Police Violence. 2023. Mapping police violence. https://mappingpoliceviolence.org/ (accessed July 20, 2023).
Martin, B., N. Kaminski-Ozturk, C. O’Hara, and R. Smiley. 2023. Examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on burnout and stress among U.S. nurses. Journal of Nursing Regulation 14(1):4–12.
McWilliams, J. M. 2022. Don’t look up? Medicare Advantage’s trajectory and the future of Medicare. https://www.healthaffairs.org/content/forefront/don-t-look-up-medicare-advantage-s-trajectory-and-future-medicare (accessed August 23, 2023).
Mealer, M. L., A. Shelton, B. Berg, B. Rothbaum, and M. Moss. 2007. Increased prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in critical care nurses. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 175(7):693–697.
Medlock, M., E. Radis, K. Abrams, J. Bhatt, N. Eisner, and R. Malhotra. 2022. Addressing health care’s talent emergency. Deloitte Center for Health Solutions.
Møller, M. C. R., A. Mygind, and F. Bro. 2018. Who needs collaborative care treatment? A qualitative study exploring attitudes towards and experiences with mental healthcare among general practitioners and care managers. BMC Family Practice 19(1):78.
Murphy-Barron, C., E. A. Buzby, and S. Pittinger. 2022. Review of Contract Year 2023 Medicare Advantage expanded supplemental healthcare benefit offerings. Seattle, WA: Milliman.
NASEM (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine). 2020. Building the workforce we need to care for people with serious illness: Proceedings of a workshop. Edited by K. Friedman, J. Alper, and L. Graig. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Nash, W., R. Westphal, P. Watson, and B. Litz. 2011. Combat and operational stress first aid: Responder training manual. Washington, DC: U.S. Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.
National Academy of Medicine. 2022. National plan for health workforce well-being. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
News, N. 2022. Anti-Asian hate crimes increased 339 percent nationwide last year, report says. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/anti-asian-hate-crimes-increased-339-percent-nationwide-last-year-repo-rcna14282 (accessed July 20, 2023).
Neyman, G., and W. Dalsey. 2021. Black Lives Matter protests and COVID-19 cases: Relationship in two databases. Journal of Public Health (Oxf) 43(2):225–227.
Ochieng, N., J. F. Biniek, M. Freed, A. Damico, and T. Neuman. 2023. Medicare Advantage in 2023: Enrollment update and key trends. https://www.kff.org/medicare/issue-brief/medicare-advantage-in-2023-enrollment-update-and-key-trends/ (accessed August 23, 2023).
Paul, D. P., III, T. Godby, S. Saldanha, J. Valle, and A. J. Coustasse. 2016. Quality of care and profitability in not-for-profit versus for-profit nursing homes. Paper presented at the Business and Health Administration Association Annual Conference, Chicago, IL.
Periyakoil, V. S., C. F. von Gunten, F. A. Bailey, L. E. Dingfield, and M. Schlögl. 2022. Midcareer training to advance palliative care. Journal of Palliative Medicine 25(5):705–711.
PHI. 2022. Direct care workers in the United States: Key facts. New York: PHI.
Quigley, L., D. Lupu, E. Salsberg, and S. Sliwa. 2019. A profile of new hospice and palliative medicine physicians: Results from the survey of hospice and palliative medicine fellows who completed training in 2018. American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine.
Rogers, M., and R. Heitner. 2019. Latest trends and insights from the national palliative care registry. New York: Center to Advance Palliative Care.
Rogers, M. M., S. Friebert, C. S. P. Williams, L. Humphrey, R. Thienprayoon, and J. C. Klick. 2021. Pediatric palliative care programs in U.S. hospitals. Pediatrics 148(1).
Rogers, M., D. W. Stevens, and B. Bowman. 2022. Palliative care leadership during the pandemic: Results from a recent survey. https://www.capc.org/blog/palliative-care-leadership-during-the-pandemic-results-from-a-recent-survey/ (accessed August 25, 2023).
Salyer, C., S. McCammon, E. Bassette, L. H. Landzaat, L. Spoozak, and J. V. Brooks. 2023. Facilitators and barriers to recruiting surgeons into hospice and palliative medicine training. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 65(5):409–417.
Scales, K. 2019. It’s time to build dementia care competency in direct care. https://www.phinational.org/its-time-to-build-dementia-care-competency-in-direct-care/ (accessed July 20, 2023).
Snyder, J. E., R. D. Upton, T. C. Hassett, H. Lee, Z. Nouri, and M. Dill. 2023. Black representation in the primary care physician workforce and its association with population life expectancy and mortality rates in the US. JAMA Network Open 6(4):e236687.
Stawnychy, M. A., J. B. Ringel, R. Barbara, and M. R. Sterling. 2023. Better preparation and training determine home care workers’ self-efficacy in contributing to heart failure self-care. Journal of Applied Gerontology 42(4):651–659.
Sterling, M. R. 2023. Leveraging home health aides to improve outcomes in heart failure. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04239911 (accessed August 23, 2023).
Sterling, M. R., A. F. Silva, P. B. K. Leung, A. L. Shaw, E. K. Tsui, C. D. Jones, L. Robbins, Y. Escamilla, A. Lee, F. Wiggins, F. Sadler, M. F. Shapiro, M. E. Charlson, L. M. Kern, and M. M. Safford. 2018. “It’s like they forget that the word ‘health’ is in ‘home health aide’”: Understanding the perspectives of home care workers who care for adults with heart failure. Journal of the American Heart Association 7(23):e010134.
Sterling, M. R., J. Cho, J. B. Ringel, and A. C. Avgar. 2020a. Heart failure training and job satisfaction: A survey of home care workers caring for adults with heart failure in New York City. Ethnicity & Disease 30(4):575–582.
Sterling, M. R., N. Dell, E. Tseng, F. Okeke, J. Cho, B. Piantella, and J. N. Tobin. 2020b. Home care workers caring for adults with heart failure need better access to training and technology: A role for implementation science. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4(3):224–228.
Surgeon General of the United States. 2022. Addressing health worker burnout: The U.S. Surgeon General’s advisory on building a thriving health workforce. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2022. Table 1. Incidence rates of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses by industry and case types, 2021. https://www.bls.gov/iif/nonfatal-injuries-and-illnesses-tables/table-1-injury-and-illness-rates-by-industry-2021-national.htm (accessed August 23, 2023).
Washington, E. F. 2022. The five stages of DEI maturity. Harvard Business Review 11(November–December 2022).
Wert, K., A. M. Donaldson, T. A. Dinh, D. P. Montero, R. Parry, J. R. Renew, D. S. Yip, and L. Speicher. 2023. Communication training helps to reduce burnout during COVID-19 pandemic. Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology 10:23333928221148079.
WHO (World Health Organization). 2021. The impact of COVID-19 on health and care workers: a closer look at deaths. Geneva: World Health Organization.
This page intentionally left blank.
