The Naval Studies Board (NSB) was established in 1974 at the request of the then-Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) as an entity “to which the U.S. Navy could turn for independent and outside counsel of any area of its responsibilities involving the interplay of science and technical matters with other national issues.” Since its establishment, the NSB has continuously demonstrated an ability to work across the entire Department of the Navy (DoN) to examine naval capabilities and needs, identify cutting-edge technologies (within and outside the DoN), and provide CNO and the DoN with independent, authoritative science-based advice. Recent areas of focus include data science, data analytics, networking, communications, and architecture approaches for enhanced decision-making; multi-domain autonomy; innovation and rapid development; missile defense; unmanned undersea vehicles; and cyber defense.