The National Academies initiated this study to examine the risks and identify key current and future technical and societal concerns for the transport of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste in the United States. On request of Congress, the study’s scope was expanded to review the procedures used by the Department of Energy for selecting routes for transporting research reactor spent fuel between its facilities in the United States. However, the report does not address the security risks for spent fuel and high-level waste transportation due to an inability to access classified and other restricted information.