The workshop discusses the findings of the report, U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health (2013), which documented the relative and growing disadvantage of U.S. women compared with women in other countries in stark and compelling terms. This workshop explores the implications for health research of system, patient, and provider level factors that might explain the comparative deficiency in the health of U.S. women. Experts share their research on how health disparities may be affected by availability and quality of health care, and other factors such as socio-economic status, education, employment and risk behaviors.