This study takes a technical look at three utilization technologies, including mineral carbonation, chemical conversion, and biological conversion, for utilizing gaseous carbon waste streams to create products such as chemicals, fuels, and construction materials. The waste streams the committee was tasked to explore included carbon dioxide and, to a lesser extent, methane. This study also explores improvements necessary for tools used in evaluating the economic and environmental attributes of these technologies using life-cycle assessments, and technoeconomic analyses.