This National Academies public workshop, which was co-hosted by the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development and Translation, and the Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, provided a venue for professionals who typically diagnose ADHD, drug developers, researchers, people with lived experience, and other stakeholders to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of adults with ADHD, explore challenges and opportunities for drug development, and consider strategies for assessing the risks and benefits of ADHD medication treatment in adult populations. The workshop was supported, in part, through a grant (PAR-23-072) from the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research at the FDA.