Consensus
Building on the innovative Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human and Crossing the Quality Chasm, Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health offers a strategy to address the quality challenges in rural communities.
Rural America is a vital, diverse component of the American community, representing nearly 20% of the population of the United States. Rural communities are heterogeneous and differ in population density, remoteness from urban areas, and the cultural norms of the regions of which they are a part. As a result, rural communities range in their demographics and environmental, economic, and social characteristics. These differences influence the magnitude and types of health problems these communities face.
Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health assesses the quality of health care in rural areas and provides a framework for core set of services and essential infrastructure to deliver those services to rural communities. The book recommends:
It is critical that existing and new resources be deployed strategically, recognizing the need to improve both the quality of individual-level care and the health of rural communities and populations.
288 pages
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6 x 9
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hardcover
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-58877-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/11140
Institute of Medicine. 2005. Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Population-based cancer surveillance has a pivotal role in assessing the nation's progress in cancer control and helps inform research and care interventions aimed at reducing the burden of cancer on patients and communities, including the ability to identify health disparities in cancer outcomes. However, challenges with the current approach to cancer surveillance in the United States include delays and gaps in data collection, as well as inadequate infrastructure and workforce to keep pace with the informatics and treatment-related advances in cancer. To examine opportunities to enhance and modernize cancer surveillance in order to improve cancer research, care, and outcomes for all patients, the National Academies National Cancer Policy Forum hosted a public workshop in July 2024. This Proceedings of a Workshop highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop.
94 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73222-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73223-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28676
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Enabling 21st Century Applications for Cancer Surveillance Through Enhanced Registries and Beyond: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Understanding and anticipating change in the ocean, and how it will affect marine ecosystems and humans, has never been more urgent. Over recent years, basic and applied research in ocean science has developed more accurate forecasts of ocean and seafloor processes that have helped communities adapt to changing conditions. However, at the start of this new decade (2025-2035), U.S. investment in ocean science, engineering, and technology is not keeping pace with growing societal needs, even as U.S. competitors are increasing investments in ocean science and advancing their capacities.
At the request of the National Science Foundation (NSF), this report provides advice on how to focus investments in ocean research, infrastructure, and workforce to meet national and global challenges in the coming decade and beyond, and in doing so, enhance national security, scientific leadership, and economic competitiveness through a thriving blue economy. The report also sets out an overarching challenge for NSF and the broader research community: to establish a new paradigm for forecasting the state of the ocean at scales relevant to human well-being in the next decade. Accomplishing this challenge is reliant on continued funding for basic research across ocean studies and reinvestment in ocean science infrastructure. It will require an integrated approach to research that takes full advantage of emerging technologies, expands the workforce, and increases available resources through strategic partnerships among federal and state agencies, industry, academia, and other interest holders.
164 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72222-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72223-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27846
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Forecasting the Ocean: The 2025–2035 Decade of Ocean Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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This issue paper focuses on the use of multiomics as a tool to understand and identify molecular determinants of human cognitive and behavioral traits, particularly in relation to modifying human performance for military and other applications. The paper was conducted under the auspices of the Standing Committee on Advances and National Security Implications of Transdisciplinary Biotechnology, an activity of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine sponsored by the National Counterproliferation and Biosecurity Center. The standing committee works to identify and characterize advanced biotechnologies that may affect U.S. national security. The authors are solely responsible for the content of this paper, which does not necessarily represent the views of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
25 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-10425-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29080
Tucholski, T, D. DiEuliis, E. Chaikof, C. D. Gilbert, and K. Berger. 2025. Elucidating Molecular and Pathway-Level Determinants of Cognitive Performance in Humans Through Multiomics: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Forum for Children's Well-Being hosted an implementation summit titled Advancing Child and Youth Health System Transformation. This event convened a broad range of leaders to support the implementation of recommendations from the 2024 consensus study report Launching Lifelong Health by Improving Health Care for Children, Youth, and Families. That report responds to worsening child health outcomes in the United States - including increases in chronic conditions, mental health crises, and health inequities - and offers a roadmap to address these urgent challenges. At the workshop, invited speakers engaged in two moderated dialogues - one reflecting on the report's vision and recommendations, and the other highlighting innovative models for advancing healthcare for children, youth, and families. Each dialogue was followed by sessions where attendees collaborated to identify opportunities for scaling efforts, driving policy change, and fostering cross-sector partnerships to advance the report's goals. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
12 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73574-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29082
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Advancing Child and Youth Health Care System Transformation: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Addressing burnout is important for healthy workplaces and healthy individuals. Burnout comes with many significant consequences for workers who may face physical and mental health challenges as well as organizations that can suffer from absenteeism, attrition, and diminished engagement, all of which can reduce growth and innovation. In healthcare settings, consequences have the potential to be even more dire. It has been shown that burnout can be related to negative patient outcomes as individual providers are struggling to manage overwhelming caseloads and hours. The uneven effect of burnout is also cause for concern for a thriving science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) ecosystem, as this can diminish the kind of creativity and innovation that thrives in environments when a broad set of voices are represented. Taken together, these challenges make clear the need for continued attention to burnout and interventions in STEMM fields.
To explore these challenges in greater detail, the Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine of the National Academies convened a workshop on October 1 and 2, 2024, in Washington, D.C., to examine burnout and its implications for gender equity in STEMM. Through three commissioned papers, panel and breakout discussions, and participant engagement, the workshop was designed to examine current knowledge, share lessons learned, and consider ways to address burnout in STEMM settings. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
232 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73567-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73568-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29078
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Impact of Burnout on the STEMM Workforce: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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State departments of transportation (DOTs) have effective procurement processes for highway construction but lag in acquiring new business technologies. As they invest in advanced solutions for communications, asset management, and human resources, they aim to leverage artificial intelligence and cloud-based big data tools. However, traditional procurement methods typically relied on by state DOTs focus on individual purchases rather than long-term goals and often fall short in addressing the growing complexity of these systems and evolving customer needs. This can create challenges in acquiring technological products and services.
NCHRP Research Report 1145: Practices for Transportation Agency Procurement and Management of Advanced Technologies, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents a guide that includes successful strategies and practices for procuring new and innovative transportation system technologies.
90 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73547-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73548-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29072
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices for Transportation Agency Procurement and Management of Advanced Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act requires federal agencies, including the U.S. Federal Highway Administration, to take into account the effects of their programs and projects listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 412: Creating a Handbook for Successful No-Effect and No-Adverse-Effect Section 106 Determinations, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is a supplement to NCHRP Research Report 1133: Preparing Successful No-Effect and No-Adverse-Effect Section 106 Determinations: A Handbook for Transportation Cultural Resource Practitioners.
311 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73431-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29036
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Creating a Handbook for Successful No-Effect and No-Adverse-Effect Section 106 Determinations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The 1926 Air Commerce Act established which aspects of aviation the federal government would and would not regulate. Although it was understood that standardization created safety and reliability, the Act did not create standards for airports. Instead, the Department of Commerce created a voluntary rating system aimed to provide objective guidance to municipalities and private companies that wanted to construct or improve facilities.
ACRP Legal Research Digest 48: Legal Issues Concerning the Safety and Security of General Aviation Airports, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, explores legal issues related to safety and security at general aviation airports, with a focus on state regulatory requirements for general aviation airports.
84 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73543-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73544-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29071
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Legal Issues Concerning the Safety and Security of General Aviation Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Transportation modeling applications can be divided into two categories: travel demand forecasting and operational modeling. Demand forecasting predicts future traffic volumes for long-term infrastructure investments; operational modeling focuses on specific problems at a near-term or finer level of detail (such as for improving the traffic signal timing along a corridor, identifying the causes of an existing bottleneck, assessing the mobility impacts of a planned construction project, or decision-making on alternative selection).
NCHRP Synthesis 650: Practices for Operational Traffic Simulation Models, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents state department of transportation processes and procedures for the use of operational traffic simulation models.
192 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73560-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73561-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29076
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices for Operational Traffic Simulation Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act requires federal agencies, including the U.S. Federal Highway Administration, to take into account the effects of their programs and projects listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.
NCHRP Research Report 1133: Preparing Successful No-Effect and No-Adverse-Effect Section 106 Determinations: A Handbook for Transportation Cultural Resource Practitioners, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is designed to aid in the navigation of both the Section 106 and project development processes and address other various practitioner challenges.
Supplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 412: Creating a Handbook for Successful No-Effect and No-Adverse-Effect Section 106 Determinations, a technical memorandum on implementation of the research findings and products, and a PowerPoint presentation on the study.
102 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73387-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73388-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28911
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Preparing Successful No-Effect and No-Adverse-Effect Section 106 Determinations: A Handbook for Transportation Cultural Resource Practitioners. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Dial-a-ride and fixed-route transit options are some of the ways that microtransit services have traditionally been implemented in rural areas. App-based booking and dynamic routing are among the newer offerings transit agencies are exploring to provide greater flexibility and more spontaneous options for users.
TCRP Synthesis 178: Microtransit Solutions in Rural Communities: On-Demand Alternatives to Dial-a-Ride Services and Unproductive Coverage Routes, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, provides a comprehensive overview of rural microtransit operations through a literature review, surveys of 19 transit providers, and case examples of seven agencies. High customer satisfaction and improved service efficiency were frequently cited as benefits of microtransit solutions.
100 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99179-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99180-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29085
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Microtransit Solutions in Rural Communities: On-Demand Alternatives to Dial-a-Ride Services and Unproductive Coverage Routes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Run-off-road traffic crashes account for almost one third of the deaths and serious injuries each year on U.S. highways. The effective design of roadsides, including the placement of roadside safety devices, can reduce the frequency and/or severity of these crashes but requires an understanding of the nature and frequency of roadside encroachments.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 427: Roadside Encroachment Database and Analysis, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, details a plan to develop a database that can be used to evaluate the effects of characteristics of the nature and frequency of roadside encroachments and associated crashrelated factors.
The project deliverables include an excel database and a coding manual among other documents.
460 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99247-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29123
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Roadside Encroachment Database and Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The Committee on Human Rights (CHR) promotes engagement with internationally recognized human rights norms to help shape effective, sustainable, and just responses to societal challenges. It advocates and marshals support for members of the research, technological, and health care communities who come under threat as a result of repression and discrimination. This annual report summarizes the activities of CHR in 2024.
1 pages
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29067
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Committee on Human Rights: Annual Report 2024. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Changes to the landscape of food safety threats, and the introduction of new regulations to address these concerns increasingly have nutrition, economic, and equity implications. In September 2024, the National Academies Food Forum hosted a public workshop to explore the hazard and risk-based communications strategies and approaches to safeguarding both domestic and global food systems. This Proceedings of a Workshop highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop.
76 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73085-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73086-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28575
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Safeguarding the Food Supply: Integrating Diverse Risks, Connecting with Consumers, and Protecting Vulnerable Populations: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Since its inception, NASA's Science Activation program has demonstrated considerable success in leveraging the agency's strong public reputation and resources to engage a diversity of audiences in science education projects nationwide. As the program nears the end of this second five-year funding cycle, NASA tasked the National Academies with reviewing its progress and making strategic recommendations for its next round of funding. This consensus study report reflects on the successes of the past few years, addresses persistent challenges, and outlines a pathway forward for Science Activation.
102 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72749-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72750-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27989
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Assessing NASA Science Activation 2.0: Progress, Achievements, and Strategic Recommendations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Aquatic organism passage (AOP) water crossing design is an evolving field at the nexus of the built environment and the natural world. When successful, AOP water crossings provide sustainable transportation infrastructure and environmental benefits via connected habitats for fish and other aquatic organisms.
NCHRP Synthesis 646: Design, Construction, and Monitoring Practices for Aquatic Organism Passage, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents current practices of state departments of transportation in the design, construction, and monitoring of AOP water crossing structures.
110 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73479-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73480-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29054
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Design, Construction, and Monitoring Practices for Aquatic Organism Passage. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Global demand for animal-derived foods such as meat, eggs, and milk is increasing, even as arable land and water to support animal production are declining worldwide. Among the approaches to meet global demand in a resource-constrained future is the genetic improvement of livestock to increase the efficiency and sustainability of animal agriculture. Food-animal breeders are beginning to leverage advances in the fields of genomics and biotechnology to make targeted changes in DNA, called heritable genetic modifications (HGMs), that can be passed onto subsequent generations, thereby significantly accelerating the process of genetic improvement in populations of food animals.
At the request of Congress, Heritable Genetic Modification in Food Animals examines the biological basis of potential health risks relevant to the regulation of HGMs in food animals. This report considers whether hazards could arise during the development of HGM food animals, the methods available to detect hazards, and the likelihood that they could result in harm. Heritable Genetic Modification in Food Animals recommends conducting additional research to fill gaps in understanding of how both HGM techniques and conventional breeding methods influence animal welfare and the quality of animal foods, establishing a study group to gauge public attitudes toward animal biotechnology in agriculture, and developing best practices for public engagement regarding such technologies.
184 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71843-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71844-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27750
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Heritable Genetic Modification in Food Animals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), which serves as the primary source of dietary guidance from the federal government, provides recommendations for dietary intake and healthful dietary patterns - including alcohol intake. DGA recommendations are informed by systematic reviews. The last review on alcohol and health conducted for the DGA focused on all-cause mortality in 2020; however, questions related to weight changes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurocognitive health, and lactation have not been examined since 2010.
To inform the next edition of the DGA, Congress tasked the National Academies with convening an expert committee to independently review the evidence on the relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and eight health outcomes including obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The resulting report, Review of Evidence on Alcohol and Health, presents the committee's findings and conclusions and does not offer dietary recommendations or advice.
252 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73115-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73116-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28582
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Review of Evidence on Alcohol and Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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