Consensus
Building on the innovative Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human and Crossing the Quality Chasm, Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health offers a strategy to address the quality challenges in rural communities.
Rural America is a vital, diverse component of the American community, representing nearly 20% of the population of the United States. Rural communities are heterogeneous and differ in population density, remoteness from urban areas, and the cultural norms of the regions of which they are a part. As a result, rural communities range in their demographics and environmental, economic, and social characteristics. These differences influence the magnitude and types of health problems these communities face.
Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health assesses the quality of health care in rural areas and provides a framework for core set of services and essential infrastructure to deliver those services to rural communities. The book recommends:
It is critical that existing and new resources be deployed strategically, recognizing the need to improve both the quality of individual-level care and the health of rural communities and populations.
288 pages
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6 x 9
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hardcover
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-58877-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/11140
Institute of Medicine. 2005. Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Bridge and tunnel strikes inflict serious damage to vehicles, highway bridges, and tunnels; cause injuries and fatalities; and impose detours and costly delays on highway users. Attempts by state departments of transportation (DOTs) and other bridge and tunnel owners to prevent bridge and tunnel strikes include signing, lighting, height detection systems, and actuated warning devices.
NCHRP Research Report 1132: Bridge and Tunnel Strikes: A Guide for Prevention and Mitigation, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents state-of-the-art information to assist state DOTs in the prevention and mitigation of bridge and tunnel strikes by overheight motor vehicles.
Supplemental to the report is NCHRP Web-Only Report 411: Prevention and Mitigation of Bridge and Tunnel Strikes.
132 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73260-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73261-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28813
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Bridge and Tunnel Strikes: A Guide for Prevention and Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Committee on Law and Justice and Computer Science and Telecommunications board hosted a two-day workshop on June 24-25, 2024, to explore law enforcement use of person-based and place-based predictive policing strategies. These strategies utilize data to predict individuals or locations likely to be associated with crime, with the aim of preventing criminal activities.
The workshop explored effectiveness, legal, ethical, and social considerations, and concluded with discussions on future approaches to predictive policing. This new proceedings summarizes the workshop's key themes, including pressing challenges and opportunities, and areas for further consideration and guidance.
90 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72918-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72919-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28036
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Law Enforcement Use of Predictive Policing Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's National Science, Technology, and Security Roundtable (NSTSR) was called for in the Fiscal Year 2020 National Defense Authorization Act to bring together individuals from federal research agencies, intelligence, law enforcement, academic research, and business communities to explore critical issues related to protecting U.S. national and economic security while ensuring the open exchange of ideas and the international talent required for American leadership in science and technology.
Since the first meeting of the NSTSR in 2020, there have been numerous discussions around the topic of research security among policymakers and affected communities, and the policy landscape has continued to evolve. The NSTSR played a role in these discussions, and to capture what was learned and explore potential future directions, a Capstone Workshop was held on July 16 and 17, 2024. Discussions over the 2 days of the workshop included observations by participants about the nature of the challenge of research security in the United States, reflections on actions that the United States has taken on research security to date, and possible future directions. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
158 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72695-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72696-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27976
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. National Science, Technology, and Security Roundtable Capstone: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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There has been an increase in bridge and tunnel strikes in the United States, presenting significant hazards to both the vehicles involved and the structural integrity of bridges and tunnels. Nationally, there are over 15,000 bridge strikes annually, costing millions of dollars in repairs and posing serious safety risks. The pressing need for a comprehensive solution is evident.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 411: Prevention and Mitigation of Bridge and Tunnel Strikes, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1132: Bridge and Tunnel Strikes: A Guide for Prevention and Mitigation.
252 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73257-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28812
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Prevention and Mitigation of Bridge and Tunnel Strikes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Development of the AASHTO Highway Safety Manual began from a TRB conference session and a workshop, both held in 1999, that identified the need for a traffic safety document analogous to the role of the Highway Capacity Manual for traffic operations.
NCHRP Research Report 1140: Quantitative Safety Analyses for Highway Applications, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, describes a multiyear research process undertaken to improve the state of the practice for quantitative safety analyses for highway applications.
96 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73291-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73292-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28851
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Quantitative Safety Analyses for Highway Applications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Since 1959, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has annually solicited the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene expert panels to evaluate the quality, effectiveness, and resource sufficiency of NIST's six measurement and standards laboratories. This report provides an assessment of the NIST Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) focusing on technical programs , scientific and technical expertise portfolio, facilities, equipment, and human resources support, and program dissemination.
84 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71408-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27430
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. An Assessment of Selected Divisions of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Information Technology Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2024. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The U.S. electricity system, known collectively as "the grid," is increasingly integrating a complex array of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as solar panels, wind turbines, batteries, and small-scale energy generators. By harnessing a diverse range of power sources and often generating energy close to the point of use rather than only in central power plants, DERs offer unprecedented flexibility in electricity generation and management. However, the imperative to maintain and improve the operational integrity of the grid as it takes on increasing quantities of DERs represents an emerging critical issue, particularly as demand for electricity enters a period of significant growth in many places across the United States.
To consider the research needs, operational standards, regulatory approaches, market incentives, and other facets relevant to ensuring the operational integrity of the grid as it integrates complex distributed elements, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on Electricity System Operability and Reliability under Increasing Complexity in Washington, DC, on June 17-18, 2024. The workshop convened representatives from government, industry, academia, and nongovernmental organizations to examine a variety of challenges that grid operators face in maintaining reliable and equitable electricity service, along with emerging technologies and capabilities that may impact grid operations and reliability.
76 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73059-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73060-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28541
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Electricity System Operability and Reliability Under Increasing Complexity: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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As communities become more socially and environmentally conscious, there is growing awareness of some of the adverse impacts of aviation activity, including its contribution to climate change and the resulting social pressure to sometimes discourage air travel.
ACRP Research Report 277: Communicating a Balanced Look at Local Airport Activity and Climate Change, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, is a guide for airport practitioners to understand the relationships among their airport's activity, economic benefits, and climate change. The guide offers rules of thumb to estimate these changes and effectively communication strategies that directly address the most common community concerns.
168 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73239-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73240-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28759
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Communicating a Balanced Look at Local Airport Activity and Climate Change. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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For many Black Americans, trust in science, engineering, and medicine (SEM) institutions is affected by historic and current contexts, with significant consequences including exacerbating health and economic inequities for this population. Many SEM professionals recognize the importance of building trust with the Black community, and are looking for sustainable and effective ways to earn and nurture that trust.
To advance SEM issues within the Black community, the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a public workshop to examine local, national, and global strategies used by groups such as the Black Church to build institutional trust. The workshop, held December 14-15, 2022, was structured to identify organizations that have demonstrated success in building and maintaining trust with Black communities, highlight best practices for SEM professionals to develop sustainable and effective relationships with the Black community, and examine how communication with Black communities influences trust and acceptance of SEM institutions.
138 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71726-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71727-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27649
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Leveraging Trust to Advance Science, Engineering, and Medicine in the Black Community: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Atypical weather events, such as extreme tropical cyclones, pose substantial threats to life, property and livelihoods in the U.S. and worldwide. Despite major advances in forecasting capabilities, communicating about extreme weather events with decision-makers and the public carries considerable challenges but also provides opportunities for innovation. Decisions surrounding extreme weather events often involve making tradeoffs between different degrees and varieties of risks. For example, deciding whether or when to issue an evacuation order ahead of a tropical cyclone entails tradeoffs between the risks to lives posed by the event and the risks to livelihoods posed by the financial costs of evacuations or relocations.
In early 2024, the National Academies held a workshop on risk communication around extreme tropical cyclones and other atypical climate events. Participants aimed to identify opportunities and challenges for risk communication as well as lessons about community engagement and communication concerning other climate events. Over the course of the workshop, participants addressed various facets of risk communication, including the importance and difficulty of clearly communicating uncertainty to the general public; the importance of understanding the needs of various audiences in the context of effective communication; preparedness as a critical component of an effective response; and the often-profound ways that strong partnerships and relationships across sectors and offices can impact and improve risk communication.
104 pages
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7 x 10
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72537-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72538-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27933
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Advancing Risk Communication with Decision-Makers for Extreme Tropical Cyclones and Other Atypical Climate Events: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The National Academies Food and Nutrition Board hosted a public workshop in May 2024 to explore the challenges and successes of bidirectional communication between producers of food and consumers about food sources, production, and composition. Speakers from a broad range of disciplines, including agriculture and nutrition researchers, journalists, social scientists, and more considered the health and nutrition needs of consumers across the food system. This proceedings summarizes the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop.
68 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72881-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72882-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28024
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Communication to Bridge the Gap Between Food Production and Nutrition and Health: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Lagging indicators in occupational safety and health are required reporting figures that provide an industry-standard metric to measure the number of employees injured annually or impacted by a recordable injury. Recognizing the weaknesses of traditional lagging indicators to proactively manage occupational safety, many organizations and industries have emphasized safety leading indicators; that is, metrics to identify safety-related activities to consider before an incident occurs.
NCHRP Synthesis 637: Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, explores issues related to safety leading indicator practices used by state departments of transportation (DOTs) to track and prevent occupational injuries and other incidents. The synthesis also includes findings from a survey related to safety leading indicators of practices used by state DOTs.
180 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73194-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73195-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28599
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Since 1959, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has engaged the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine annually to assess the quality, effectiveness, and resource adequacy of NIST's six measurement and standards laboratories. This report reviews the NIST Engineering Laboratory (EL), evaluating technical programs, assessing EL's portfolio of scientific and technical expertise, reviewing the adequacy of facilities, equipment, and human resources, and evaluating EL's effectiveness in disseminating its program outputs.
88 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71457-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27444
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. An Assessment of Selected Research Programs and Goals of the Engineering Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2024. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In 2024, the Roundtable on Obesity Solutions marked its 10th anniversary with a symposium that reviewed the roundtable's evolution over time and how it has informed research, policy, and practice, and its continued role in informing the field. This reaffirmed the roundtable's focus on a systems approach prioritizing equity and the lived experience of obesity in addressing obesity prevention, treatment, and management. The roundtable and its five innovation collaboratives also covered important and timely issues, including obesity and medications.
4 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73465-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29049
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Year in Review 2024: Roundtable on Obesity Solutions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Industry guidance on the planning, operation, and design of airfield vehicle service roads (VSRs) is limited and dispersed across multiple documents. For that reason, VSR systems vary across the industry and are usually influenced by an airport's unique operational demands, vehicle types, airfield and facility configurations, and other airport-specific characteristics.
ACRP Synthesis 139: Airfield Vehicle Service Road Design and Operations, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, describes planning, design, and operations for airfield VSR systems, including operations on apron, non-movement, and movement areas. The synthesis considers VSR issues such as maintaining the road, driver's training, safety concerns, and operational challenges of VSR layouts.
64 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73253-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73254-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28811
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Airfield Vehicle Service Road Design and Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Social determinants of health, including factors such as the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age; their education and income; and many other elements can influence their likelihood of developing cancer, the type of cancer, the cancer stage at diagnosis, the quality of care they receive, and their health outcomes. The National Cancer Policy Forum hosted a workshop in March 2024 to examine the complex interactions among biological variables and these factors and their impact on cancer-related health outcomes and health equity.
94 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72906-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72907-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28034
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Biological Effectors of Social Determinants of Health in Cancer: Identification and Mitigation: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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A segmental bridge is constructed in short sections or segments that are either precast or cast-in-place concrete. Segmental bridges were first built in the United States in the 1970s and have proven to be an efficient design for long span bridges.
NCHRP Research Report 1128: Load Rating of Segmental Bridges, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents procedures for load rating of segmental bridges. The proposed recommendations were developed based on extensive review of the state of practice of the evaluation of segmental bridges and comprehensive analytical programs.
260 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73186-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73187-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28597
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Load Rating of Segmental Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The National Academies Food Forum hosted a public workshop in September 2024 to explore science-informed hazard- and risk-based approaches to safeguarding both the domestic and global food systems. Speakers considered nutritional, economic, and equity implications in food safety decision-making, as well as strategies for communicating hazard and risk across sectors. Discussions also included national and international perspectives on risk assessment and public health, highlighting new tools utilizing technologies such as artificial intelligence.
12 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73084-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28574
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Safeguarding the Food Supply: Integrating Diverse Risks, Connecting with Consumers, and Protecting Vulnerable Populations: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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