Consensus
Recent health care payment reforms aim to improve the alignment of Medicare payment strategies with goals to improve the quality of care provided, patient experiences with health care, and health outcomes, while also controlling costs. These efforts move Medicare away from the volume-based payment of traditional fee-for-service models and toward value-based purchasing, in which cost control is an explicit goal in addition to clinical and quality goals. Specific payment strategies include pay-for-performance and other quality incentive programs that tie financial rewards and sanctions to the quality and efficiency of care provided and accountable care organizations in which health care providers are held accountable for both the quality and cost of the care they deliver.
Accounting For Social Risk Factors in Medicare Payment is the fifth and final report in a series of brief reports that aim to inform ASPE analyses that account for social risk factors in Medicare payment programs mandated through the IMPACT Act. This report aims to put the entire series in context and offers additional thoughts about how to best consider the various methods for accounting for social risk factors, as well as next steps.
580 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-44920-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-44921-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/23635
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Accounting for Social Risk Factors in Medicare Payment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Many transit agencies' conductor insulation systems used for traction power cables and lower voltage power distribution and signal communication systems typically have a 30-year lifespan, and many of these systems are at that age or older.
TCRP Research Report 246: Transit Traction Power Cables: Replacement Guidelines, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, presents current practices for assessing insulation aging and replacement of cables before failure, including approaches used in transit systems for which there are no monitoring programs or testing systems.
Supplemental to the report are TCRP Web-Only Document 77: Developing a Guide for Transit Traction Power Cables and a PowerPoint presentation.
148 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71003-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72436-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27907
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Transit Traction Power Cables: Replacement Guidelines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Airport operators prepare greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventories to better understand their emissions profile, set more informed goals, monitor performance, and communicate their progress toward meeting environmental goals to key stakeholders.
ACRP Web-Only Document 63: Airport Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory: A Primer, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, is an update to ACRP Report 11: Guidebook on Preparing Airport Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories and provides recommended practices for airport operators to account for and manage airport GHG emissions. While all airports can use Airport Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory: A Primer, it will be particularly helpful for operators of small to mid-size airports.
43 pages
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11 x 8.5
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72712-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27981
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Airport Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory: A Primer. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is the U.S. Army's sole fundamental research laboratory focused on cutting-edge scientific discovery and technological innovation that offer great potential to strengthen the U.S. Army. The mission of ARL is to operationalize science for transformational overmatch in support of persistent Army modernization.
This report presents findings and recommendations related to the quality of ARL's research, development, and analysis programs for the following four ARL competencies: electromagnetic spectrum sciences, energy sciences, mechanical sciences, and military information sciences.
114 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71597-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71598-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27503
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. 2023 Assessment of the DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The National Academies Standing Committee on Reproductive Health, Equity, and Society hosted a 2-part public webinar series to assess the role of public and private financing, institutions, and systems in shaping equitable access to comprehensive reproductive health care at state and national levels. Discussions included insurance reimbursement rates for abortion care, inequities in financing for infertility care, contraceptive access initiatives, and the influence of different organizations, including the Veterans Health Administration and Indian Health Service, on access to and delivery of reproductive health services.
8 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72566-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27937
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Shaping Access to Reproductive Health Care Through Financing and Delivery Systems: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The nation was reminded of the importance of security barriers for transit bus operators by the fatal attack on a Tampa, Florida bus operator in 2019. The need for security barriers was reinforced by a serious attack on another operator for that same system later that year. While these are two extreme examples, they are likely not unique, as many assaults against transit workers have been underreported in the past. Another important but more pernicious risk to bus operator health is viral and bacterial infection.
TCRP Research Report 249: Bus Operator Barrier Design: Guidelines and Considerations, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, provides information and guidance for North American public transportation agencies, standards committees, and government and non-government policymaking organizations on designing, procuring, and installing bus operator barriers to prioritize the health and safety of essential operators and the public they serve.
134 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71008-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72318-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27877
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Bus Operator Barrier Design: Guidelines and Considerations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Roadway safety management is a multi-step process that begins with screening a roadway network for sites with potential for safety improvement. Subsequent steps in the process include diagnosing safety problems at candidate sites, identifying countermeasures for implementation, conducting an economic appraisal of the countermeasures, prioritizing sites for safety improvement, and evaluating the safety effectiveness of countermeasure implementation.
NCHRP Synthesis 634: Calibration and Development of State-DOT-Specific Safety Performance Functions, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents state departments of transportation practice on calibration factors and the development of jurisdiction-specific safety-performance functions.
136 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71011-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72433-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27906
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Calibration and Development of State-DOT-Specific Safety Performance Functions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Patients living with and beyond cancer often require care from a wide range of clinicians as they navigate cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship care. To examine opportunities to improve equitable access to high-quality multispecialty and multidisciplinary expert care for people living with and beyond cancer, the National Academies National Cancer Policy Forum hosted a public workshop in collaboration with the Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education.
84 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71912-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71913-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27769
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Developing a Multidisciplinary and Multispecialty Workforce for Patients with Cancer, from Diagnosis to Survivorship: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened an ad-hoc committee to examine learning and development in out-of-school time settings across the K-12 age span. To inform its deliberations, the committee held three public sessions, on October 19, 2023, February 8, 2024, and April 18, 2024. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the three workshops.
12 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72351-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27885
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Promoting Learning and Development in K-12 Out-of-School Time Settings: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Commercial disputes among owners, contractors, and subcontractors on construction projects are a fact of life, regardless of how hard parties might try to avoid them. Sometimes these disputes get resolved quickly at the project level, but sometimes the dispute is handled through litigation.
NCHRP Legal Research Digest 92: Resolving Construction Disputes: Review of State DOT Processes, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, aims to build a better understanding of what state departments of transportation (DOTs) are doing in terms of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes and reviews state DOT practices for construction disputes.
110 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71009-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72380-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27891
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resolving Construction Disputes: Review of State DOT Processes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Racial and ethnic inequities in health and health care impact individual well-being, contribute to millions of premature deaths, and cost the United States hundreds of billions of dollars annually. Addressing these inequities is vital to improving the health of the nation's most disadvantaged communities—and will also help to achieve optimal health for all. In 2003, the Institute of Medicine examined these inequities in Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care.
Because disparities persist, the National Academies convened an expert committee with support from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the National Institutes of Health. The committee's report reviews the major drivers of health care disparities, provides insight into successful and unsuccessful interventions, identifies gaps in the evidence base, and makes recommendations to advance health equity.
374 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72155-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72156-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27820
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Ending Unequal Treatment: Strategies to Achieve Equitable Health Care and Optimal Health for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
To explore the current and future state of serious illness care research, the National Academies Roundtable on Quality Care for People with Serious Illness hosted a public workshop in November 2023. Speakers identified research gaps and challenges and explored strategies and opportunities to further develop the evidence base to improve care for all those living with serious illness, their families, and care partners.
168 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71876-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71877-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27760
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Serious Illness Care Research: Exploring Current Knowledge, Emerging Evidence, and Future Directions: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020, many individuals infected with the virus that causes COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have continued to experience lingering symptoms for months or even years following infection. Some symptoms can affect a person's ability to work or attend school for an extended period of time. Consequently, in 2022, the Social Security Administration requested that the National Academies convene a committee of relevant experts to investigate and provide an overview of the current status of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of long-term health effects related to Long COVID. This report presents the committee conclusions.
264 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71860-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71861-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27756
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Long-Term Health Effects of COVID-19: Disability and Function Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
A National Academies committee held a public hybrid workshop in March 2024 on the state of women's health research for select conditions and to hear perspectives from the public. Topics included the science of sex differences and research needs in women's cancers, reproductive and gynecologic health, and mental and behavioral health.
14 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72536-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27932
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Overview of Research Gaps for Selected Conditions in Women's Health Research at the National Institutes of Health: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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As liquefied gas exports from U.S. ports have grown rapidly in recent years, reforms are needed to a U.S. Coast Guard program that examines liquefied gas carriers (LGCs). Going forward, this growth in LGC exports and arrivals is likely to increase the demand for gas carrier exams by Coast Guard marine inspectors, of which there is a chronic shortage.
TRB Special Report 350: Reforming the Coast Guard's Certificate of Compliance Program for Liquefied Gas Carriers: Promoting Efficient Implementation and Safety Effectiveness from the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, was requested by Congress out of concern for the Coast Guard's ability to examine the increasing number of foreign tank ships that load liquefied gas for transport overseas. The National Academies' committee concluded that the time is right for Congress to revisit the Certificate of Compliance program's requirements mandating the frequency of exams and to allow the Coast Guard greater flexibility to decide when and how to examine individual LGCs using indicators of risk.
148 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72088-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72089-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27803
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Reforming the Coast Guard's Certificate of Compliance Program for Liquefied Gas Carriers: Promoting Efficient Implementation and Safety Effectiveness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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As the number of pedestrians, bicyclists, and users of other active transportation modes continues to grow in the United States, state departments of transportation and other transportation agencies are seeking to improve how these users are accommodated on or adjacent to our nation's roadways.
NCHRP Research Report 1116: Development of a MASH Barrier to Shield Pedestrians, Bicyclists, and Other Vulnerable Users from Motor Vehicles, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, provides a detailed design for a crashworthy roadside barrier system for use alongside high-speed roadways that also addresses the needs of nonmotorized users of adjacent multiuse facilities.
Supplemental to the report are:
314 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71000-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72402-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27896
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Development of a MASH Barrier to Shield Pedestrians, Bicyclists, and Other Vulnerable Users from Motor Vehicles. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Vaccines are a public health success story, as they have prevented or lessened the effects of many infectious diseases. To address concerns around potential vaccine injuries, the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) administers the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) and the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP), which provide compensation to those who assert that they were injured by routine vaccines or medical countermeasures, respectively. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine have contributed to the scientific basis for VICP compensation decisions for decades.
HRSA asked the National Academies to convene an expert committee to review the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence about the relationship between COVID-19 vaccines and specific adverse events, as well as intramuscular administration of vaccines and shoulder injuries. This report outlines the committee findings and conclusions.
212 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71832-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71833-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27746
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evidence Review of the Adverse Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination and Intramuscular Vaccine Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis and treatment among adults has increased over the past decade in the U.S. and globally. Evidence suggests adults with ADHD may be more likely to develop a substance use disorder, and there are concerns that nonmedical use of prescription stimulants could lead to misuse, overdose, or toxicity. In December 2023, The National Academies Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation and Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a public workshop to examine the diagnosis and treatment of adults with ADHD and explore the challenges and opportunities for the development of new therapeutics. The workshop was supported, in part, through a grant (PAR-23-072) from the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research at the FDA.
170 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71916-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71917-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27770
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Implications for Drug Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Transportation agencies are charged with monitoring, maintaining, and improving rural highways of regional or statewide importance.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 392: Developing a Guide for Rural Highways: Reliability and Quality of Service Evaluation Methods, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is a supplement to NCHRP Research Report 1102: Reliability and Quality of Service Evaluation Methods for Rural Highways: A Guide.
252 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72405-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27897
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Developing a Guide for Rural Highways: Reliability and Quality of Service Evaluation Methods. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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