Scientific and Policy Considerations in Developing Smallpox Vaccination Options: A Workshop Report (2002)
Chapter: Front Matter
SCIENTIFIC AND POLICY CONSIDERATIONS IN DEVELOPING SMALLPOX VACCINATION OPTIONS
A WORKSHOP REPORT
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The views presented in this report are those of the Institute of Medicine Committee for a Forum on Smallpox: The Scientific Basis for Vaccination Policy Options and are not necessarily those of the funding agencies.
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The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The serpent adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin.
Cover: Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of Orthopoxvirus variola viruses. Magnification: x50,000 at 6 x 4.5cm size. Alfred Pasieka/Science Photo Library/Photo Researcher.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M.Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm.A.Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V.Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M.Alberts and Dr. Wm.A.Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council
COMMITTEE FOR A FORUM ON SMALLPOX: THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR VACCINATION POLICY OPTIONS
STUART BONDURANT (Chair),
The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
RONALD BAYER,
Columbia University, New York
GEORGE ISHAM,
HealthPartners, Inc., Bloomington, Minnesota
KATHLEEN TOOMEY,
Georgia State Health Department, Atlanta
ROBERT B.WALLACE,
University of Iowa, Iowa City
Staff
CATHARYN LIVERMAN, Senior Program Officer
KATHLEEN STRATTON, Senior Program Officer
JUDITH ESTEP, Senior Project Assistant
ROSE MARIE MARTINEZ, Director,
Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
RITA GASKINS, Administrative Assistant,
Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
KATHI E.HANNA, Writer, Consultant
INDEPENDENT REPORT REVIEWERS
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Kenneth Bloem, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
K.Lynn Cates, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Frank J.Fenner, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Patricia A.Nolan, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Bronwyn Schrecker, Manager of Report Review for the Institute of Medicine. Appointed by the Institute of Medicine, she was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
