21CTP

21st Century Truck Partnership

ABT

averaging, banking, and trading

ACC

American Chemistry Council; also, adaptive cruise control

ACE

advanced combustion engine

ACES

Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study

AFCI

alternative fuel compression ignition

AFV

alternative fuel vehicles

AHSS

advanced high-strength steel

AMOX

ammonia oxidation

AMR

Annual Merit Review (DOE)

AMT

automated manual transmission

ANL

Argonne National Laboratory

APEEM

advanced power electronics and electric motors

API

American Petroleum Institute

APS

Advanced Photon Source

APU

auxiliary power unit

ARRA

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

ASTM

American Society for Testing and Materials (now ASTM International)

ATA

American Trucking Association

ATP-LD

Advanced Technology Powertrains for Light-Duty Vehicles

ATRI

American Transportation Research Institute

AVPTA

Advanced Vehicle Power Technology Alliance

bhp-hr

brake horsepower-hour

BMEP

brake mean effective pressure

BSM

blind spot monitoring

BTE

brake thermal efficiency

C_d

coefficient of drag

C_rr

coefficient of rolling resistance

CAFE

corporate average fuel economy

CAGR

compound annual growth rate

CAMP

Crash Advoidance Metrics Partnership

CARB

California Air Resources Board

CEC

California Energy Commission

CFD

computational fluid dynamics

CGVW

combined gross vehicle weight

CH₄

methane

CI

compression ignition

CLEERS

Cross-cut Lean Exhaust Emissions Reduction Simulation

CMB

collision mitigation braking

CNG

compressed natural gas

CO

carbon monoxide

CO₂

carbon dioxide

CPF

catalyzed particulate filter

CR

compression ratio

CRADA

cooperative research and development agreement

CRC

Coordinating Research Council

CVT

continuously variable transmission

DCN

derived cetane number

DCT

dual clutch transmission

DEER

Directions in Engine-Efficiency and Emissions Research (conference); also, Diesel Engine-Efficiency and Emissions Research (conference)

DEF

diesel exhaust fuel

DME

dimethyl ether

DOC

diesel oxidation catalyst; also, U.S. Department of Commerce

DOD

U.S. Department of Defense

DOE

U.S. Department of Energy

DOT

U.S. Department of Transportation

DPF

diesel particulate filter

DSRC

dedicated short-range communications

EATS

exhaust aftertreatment system

EBS

electronically controlled braking system

ECM

electronic control module

EDT

electric drive technologies

EERE

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DOE Office of)

EHN

ethylhexyl nitrate

EGR

exhaust gas recirculation

EIA

Energy Information Administration

EISA

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007

EMA

Truck and Engine Manufacturers Association

EPA

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

EPAct

Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-58)

ES

energy storage

ESC

electronic stability control

FACE

fuels for advanced combustion engines

FAME

fatty acid methyl ester

FC

fuel consumption

F-CAM

Forward Collision Avoidance and Mitigation

FCVT

FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies

FCW

forward collision warning

FE

fuel economy

FHWA

Federal Highway Administration

FMCSA

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (DOT)

FMEP

friction mean effective pressure

FMVSS

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards

FSP

friction stir processing

F-T

Fischer-Tropsch

FTA

Federal Transit Administration

FTP

federal test procedure

FY

fiscal year

g/bhp-hr

grams per brake horsepower-hour

GCW

gross combined weight

GDI

gasoline direct injection

GEM

GHG emissions model

GHG

greenhouse gas

g/mi

grams per mile

GPS

global positioning system

GPU

Graphical Processor Unit

GTL

gas-to-liquid

GVW

gross vehicle weight

HC

hydrocarbon

HCCI

homogeneous-charge compression ignition

HD

heavy duty

HEV

hybrid electric vehicle

HHDDT

heavy heavy-duty diesel truck

HMI

human–machine interface

hp

horsepower

HPCR

high-pressure common rail

HPL

high-pressure loop

HTHS

high-temperature, high-shear

HTML

High-Temperature Materials Laboratory

HTUF

High-Efficiency Truck Users Forum

HVAC

heating, ventilation, and air conditioning

HVIP

Hybrid and Zero-Emission Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Program

ICE

internal combustion engine

ICME

integrated computational materials engineering

IPM

Intelligent Powertrain Management

IQT

ignition quality test

IR

idle reduction

ISG

Integrated Starter Generator

ITS

Intelligent Transportation Systems

KOH

potassium hydroxide

kWh

kilowatt-hour

LCFS

Low Carbon Fuel Standard

LCM

lane change/merge

LCV

long combination vehicle

LDV

light-duty vehicle

LDW

lane departure warning

LED

light-emitting diode

LES

large eddy simulation

LLFC

leaner lifted flame combustion

LLNL

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

LNG

liquefied natural gas

LOC

loss of control

LSFC

load-specific fuel consumption

LTC

low-temperature combustion

LTCC

Large Truck Crash Causation

LTGC

low-temperature gasoline combustion

MD

medium-duty

MHDVs

medium- and heavy-duty vehicles

MIT

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

mpg

miles per gallon

mph

miles per hour

MY

model year

NAAQS

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NACFE

North American Council for Freight Efficiency

NETL

National Energy Technology Laboratory

NGV

natural gas vehicle

NGWBS

next-generation wide base single (tire)

NHTSA

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

N₂O

nitrous oxides

NO_x

oxides of nitrogen

NPBF

non-petroleum–based fuels

NRC

National Research Council

NREL

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

NVH

noise, vibration, and harshness

OBD

on-board diagnostic

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OEM

original equipment manufacturer

OMB

Office of Management and Budget

ORC

organic Rankine cycle

ORNL

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

PACCAR

Pacific Car and Foundry Company

PCCI

premixed charge compression ignition

PCI

passenger compartment intrusion

PCP

peak cylinder pressure

PDF

probability distribution function

PM

particulate matter

PMC

Project Management Center

PN

particle number

PNGV

Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

PNNL

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

PPCI

partially premixed charge compression ignition

R&D

research and development

RCCI

reactivity-controlled compression ignition

RD&D

research, development, and demonstration

RF

radio frequency

RFS

Renewable Fuels Standard

rpm

revolutions per minute

RSC

roll stability control

RSP

renewable super premium

SAE

Society of Automotive Engineers

SC

single cylinder

SCAQMD

South Coast Air Quality Management District

SCFI

Stronach Center for Innovation

SCR

selective catalytic reduction

SET

Supplemental Emission Test

SI

spark-ignition

SMC

sheet molding compound

SOFC

solid oxide fuel cell

STEP

ShorePower Truck Electrification Project (DOE)

SUT

single unit truck

SUV

sport utility vehicle

TARDEC

Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center

TCFB

Texas Clean Fleet Program

TEM

transmission electron microscopy

TPMS

tire pressure monitoring system

TRU

transportation refrigeration unit

UMTRI

University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute

U.S. DRIVE

U.S. Driving Research and Innovation for Vehicle Efficiency and Energy Sustainability

V2I

vehicle-to-infrastructure

V2V

vehicle-to-vehicle

VAM

Vehicle Acceleration Management

VERIFI

Virtual Engine Research Institute and Fuels Initiative

VG

variable geometry

VIUS

Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey

VMT

vehicle miles traveled

VSI

Vehicle Systems Integration (ORNL)

VSST

vehicle systems simulation and testing

VTO

Vehicles Technology Office (DOE)

WAAS

weighted aerodynamic-average speed

WHR

waste heat recovery

WIM

weigh-in-motion

WTW

well to wheel