| AA | Associate Administrator |
| AAAC | Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee |
| ACE | Advanced Composition Explorer |
| AGs | assessment groups |
| AIM | Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere |
| AirMOSS | Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface |
| ALMA | Atacama Large Millimeter Array |
| ARTEMIS | Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon’s Interaction with the Sun |
| AST | NSF Astronomical Sciences Division |
| ASTER | Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer |
| Astro2000 | 2000 astronomy decadal survey: Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium |
| Astro2010 | 2010 astronomy and astrophysics decadal survey: New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| ATTREX | Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment |
| CAA | Committee on Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| CALIPSO | Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations |
| CAPTEM | Curation and Analysis Planning Team for Extraterrestrial Materials |
| CARVE | Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment |
| CATE | cost and technical evaluation |
| CEOS | Committee on Earth Observing Systems |
| CGRO | Compton Gamma Ray Observatory |
| CINDI | Coupled Ion-Neutral Dynamics Investigation |
| CoBRA | Complexity Based Risk Assessment |
| ConX | Constellation-X Observatory |
| COPAG | Cosmic Origins Program Analysis Group |
| COSPAR | Committee on Space Research |
| CSA | Canadian Space Agency |
| CYGNSS | Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System |
| DISCOVER-AQ | Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality |
| DKIST | Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope |
| DOE | Department of Energy |
| DOI | Department of the Interior |
| DRIVE | Diversify, Realize, Integrate, Venture, Educate |
| DSN | Deep Space Network |
| Earth2007 | 2007 Earth science and applications from space decadal survey: Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond |
| EO-1 | Earth Observing-1 |
| EOS | Earth Observing System |
| ESA | European Space Agency |
| EXIST | Energetic X-ray Survey Telescope |
| FACA | Federal Advisory Committee Act |
| FY | fiscal year |
| G-MOWG | Geospace Management Operations Working Group |
| GMT | Giant Magellan Telescope |
| GOLD | Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk |
| GP-B | Gravity Probe-B |
| GPM | Global Precipitation Measurement |
| GRACE | Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment |
| GRACE FO | Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow On |
| GSMT | Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope |
| Helio2013 | 2013 solar and space physics decadal survey: Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society |
| HEOMD | NASA Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate |
| HS-3 | Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel |
| HST | Hubble Space Telescope |
| IBEX | Interstellar Boundary Explorer |
| ICESat-2 | Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 |
| ICON | Ionospheric Connection Explorer |
| IIP | Instrument Incubator Program |
| IRIS | Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph |
| ISG | infrastructure study group |
| ISSI | International Space Station Institute |
| IXO | International X-ray Observatory |
| JAXA | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency |
| JEO | Jupiter Europa Orbiter |
| JUICE | Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer |
| JWST | James Webb Space Telescope |
| LADEE | Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer |
| LEAG | Lunar Exploration Analysis Group |
| LISA | Laser Interferometer Space Antenna |
| LRO | Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter |
| LSST | Large Synoptic Survey Telescope |
| LWS | Living With a Star |
| LWS-MOWG | Living With a Star Management Operations Working Group |
| MAVEN | Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN Mission |
| MAX-C | Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher |
| MEPAG | Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group |
| MER | Mars Exploration Rover (Spirit and Opportunity) |
| MESSENGER | MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging |
| MGN | Magellan (Venus Radar Mapper) |
| MMS | Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission |
| MO | Mars Observer |
| MOO | Mission of Opportunity |
| MOWG | management operations working group |
| MREFC | NSF Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction |
| MRI | Major Research Instrumentation |
| MRO | Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter |
| MSL | Mars Science Laboratory |
| MSR | Mars Sample Return |
| NAC | NASA Advisory Council |
| NAFCOM | NASA/Air Force Cost Model |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| NEO | Near-Earth Object |
| NF4 | New Frontiers 4 |
| NF5 | New Frontiers 5 |
| NICER | Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer |
| NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| NPOESS | National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System |
| NRC | National Research Council |
| NSF | National Science Foundation |
| NuSTAR | Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array |
| OCO-2 | Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 |
| OMB | Office of Management and Budget |
| OPAG | Outer Planets Analysis Group |
| OSIRIS-REx | Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer |
| OSTM | Ocean Surface Topography Mission |
| OSTP | Office of Science and Technology Policy |
| PDR | preliminary design review |
| PDS | Planetary Data System |
| PI | principal investigator |
| Planetary2011 | 2011 planetary science decadal survey: Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 |
| PPP | program prioritization panel |
| PSD | NASA Planetary Science Division |
| QuikSCAT | Quick Scatterometer |
| R&A | research and analysis activities |
| RFI | request for information |
| RHESSI | Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager |
| ROSES | research opportunities in space and Earth sciences |
| SAFIR | Single Aperture Far-InfraRed observatory |
| SAGE III | Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment |
| SBAG | Small Bodies Analysis Group |
| SDO | Solar Dynamics Observatory |
| SFP | science frontier panel |
| SH-MOWG | Solar-Heliosphere Management Operations Working Group |
| SIM | Space Interferometry Mission; originally proposed in the 1990 astronomy decadal survey as AIM: Astronomical Interferometry Mission |
| SMAP | Soil Moisture Active-Passive |
| SMD | NASA Science Mission Directorate |
| SOC | Spacecraft Operations Centre |
| SOFIA | Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy |
| SOHO | Solar and Heliospheric Observatory |
| SORCE | Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment |
| SPP | Solar Probe Plus |
| SRA | supporting research and analysis |
| SSB | Space Studies Board |
| STEREO | Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory |
| STMD | NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate |
| STP | Solar Terrestrial Probe |
| Suomi NPP | Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership |
| SWOT | Surface Water Ocean Topography Mission |
| TEMPO | Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution |
| TESS | Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite |
| THEMIS | Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms |
| TIMED | Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics |
| TMT | Thirty Meter Telescope |
| TOPEX/POSEIDON | Topography Experiment/Poseidon |
| TPF | Terrestrial Planet Finder |
| TRMM | Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission |
| TWINS | Two Wide-Angle Imaging Neutral-Atom Spectrometers |
| UARS | Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite |
| USGS | U.S. Geological Survey |
| VEXAG | Venus Exploration Analysis Group |
| VGR | Voyager |
| VLA | Very Large Array |
| VLBA | Very Long Baseline Array |
| WBS | work breakdown structure |
| WFIRST | Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope |
| XMM-Newton | X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission Newton |