| 2D | Two-dimensional |
| 3D | Three-dimensional |
ABIM | American Board of Internal Medicine |
| ABMS | American Board of Medical Specialties |
| ABNM | American Board of Nuclear Medicine |
| ABR | American Board of Radiology |
| ACGME | Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education |
| ACSI | Advanced Cyclotron Systems, Inc |
| AECL | Atomic Energy of Canada Limited |
| AIPES | Association of Imaging Producers and Equipment Suppliers |
| AMA | American Medical Association |
| AMIPA | American Medical Isotopes Production Act |
| ANDA | Abbreviated new drug application |
| ANL | Argonne National Laboratory |
| ANSTO | Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation |
| ASNM | American Society of Nuclear Medicine |
| ATA | American Thyroid Association |
| AUC | Appropriate Use Criteria |
B&W | Babcock & Wilcox (now BWX Technologies) |
| BATAN | Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional |
| Bq | Becquerel |
| BR-2 | Belgian Reactor II |
| CAD | Coronary artery disease |
| CANDU | CANada Deuterium Uranium |
| CBNC | Certifying Board of Nuclear Cardiology |
| CCaS | Coronary artery calcium scoring |
| CCTA | Cardiac computed tomography angiography |
| CEA | Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives |
| CEA Scan™ | Carcinoembryonic antigen scan (Tradename for arcitumomab) |
| CERCA | Compagnie pour l’Etude et la Réalisation de CombustiblesAtomiques |
| Ci | Curie |
| CIAE | China Institute of Atomic Energy |
| CIIC | Canadian Isotope Innovations Corporation |
| CMS | Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services |
| CNEA | Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica |
| CNL | Canadian Nuclear Laboratories |
| CNSC | Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission |
| CORAR | Council of Radionculides and Radiopharmaceuticals |
| CPT | Current Procedural Terminology |
| CRCHUS | Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke |
| CRP | Coordinated Research Project |
| CT | Computed tomography |
DOE | U.S. Department of Energy |
| DTPA | Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid |
EOP | End of processing |
FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| FRM-II | Forschungsreaktors München II reactor |
| FY | Fiscal year |
GA | General Atomics |
| GAO | U.S. Government Accountability Office |
| GE | General Electric |
| GEHC | General Electric Health Care |
| GTRI | Global Threat Reduction Initiative |
HANARO | High-flux Advanced Neutron Application ReactOr |
| HCPCS | Healthcare Common Procedural Code System |
| HEU | Highly enriched uranium |
| HFIR | High Flux Isotope Reactor |
| HFR | High Flux Reactor |
| HHS | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
| HIFAR | High Flux Australian Reactor |
| HLG-MR | High-level Group on the Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes |
| HLW | High-level waste |
IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency |
| INVAP | Investigación Aplicada |
| IOM | Institute of Medicine |
| IRE | Institut National des Radioéléments |
JHR | Jules Horowitz Reactor |
KAERI | Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute |
| KJRR | Kijang Research Reactor |
LEU | Low enriched uranium |
| LLW | Low-level waste |
| LMI | Lantheus Medical Imaging |
MAA | Macroaggregated albumin |
| MAG3 (or MAG-3) | Mercaptoacetyltriglycine |
| MAPLE | Multipurpose Applied Physics Lattice Experiment reactor |
| MIPS | Medical Isotopes Production System |
| MIR | Modernized international reactor |
| MIT | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| MOX | Mixed oxide |
| MPI | Myocardial perfusion imaging |
| MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
| MTR | Materials test reactor |
| MURR | Missouri University Research Reactor Center |
| MYRRHA | Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications |
NASEM | National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| NCRP | National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements |
| NDA | New Drug Application |
| NEA | Nuclear Energy Agency |
| NECSA | Nuclear Energy Corporation of South Africa |
| NEI | Nuclear Energy Institute |
| NNSA | National Nuclear Security Administration |
| NRC | U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
| NRCan | Natural Resources Canada |
| NRG | Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group |
| NRU | National Research Universal Reactor |
| NTP | Nuclear Technology Products SOC Ltd. |
OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| OPAL | Open-Pool Australian Lightwater Reactor |
| ORC | Outage reserve capacity |
| ORNL | Oak Ridge National Laboratory |
| OSTP | (The White House) Office of Science and Technology Policy |
PET | Positron emission tomography |
| PIPE | Prairie Isotope Production Enterprise |
| PNNL | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |
RAS | Russian Academy of Sciences |
| RIAR | Scientific Research Institute of Atomic Reactors |
| RMB | Brazilian Multipurpose Research Reactor |
SAFARI-1 | South Africa Fundamental Atomic Research Installation 1 reactor |
| sANDA | Supplemental ANDA |
| SCK•CEN | Dutch: Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie; French: Centre d’Étude de l’énergie Nucléaire; English: Belgian Nuclear Research Center |
| SGE | Selective gas extraction |
| SHINE | Subcritical Hybrid Intense Neutron Emitter |
| sNDA | Supplemental NDA |
| SNMMI | Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging |
| SPECT | Single-photon emission computed tomography |
| SRA | Southern Radioisotopes Alliance Inc. |
TIG | Tungsten inert gas |
| TRIGA | Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics |
| TRIUMF | A consortium of Canadian universities, formerly Tri-University Meson Facility |
| TRM | Target Residual Material |
| UPPI | United Pharmacy Partners LLC |
WBC | White blood cell |
| WNN | World Nuclear News |