Framing the Dialogue on Race and Ethnicity to Advance Health Equity: Proceedings of a Workshop (2016)
Chapter: Front Matter
FRAMING THE DIALOGUE on
RACE AND ETHNICITY
to ADVANCE HEALTH EQUITY
Proceedings of a Workshop
Darla Thompson, Rapporteur
Roundtable on Population Health Improvement
Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
Health and Medicine Division
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and The California Endowment (#10002009), the Fannie Rippel Foundation, the Health Resources and Services Administration (DHHS-10002817), HealthPartners, Nemours, and Novo Nordisk. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-44573-3
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-44573-6
Digital Object Identifier: 10.17226/23576
Additional copies of this publication are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.
Copyright 2016 by the National Academies of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Framing the dialogue on race and ethnicity to advance health equity: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23576.
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president.
The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.
The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.
Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national-academies.org.
Reports document the evidence-based consensus of an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and committee deliberations. Reports are peer reviewed and are approved by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
Proceedings chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other convening event. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and have not been endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
For information about other products and activities of the Academies, please visit nationalacademies.org/whatwedo.
PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR FRAMING THE DIALOGUE ON RACE AND ETHNICITY TO ADVANCE HEALTH EQUITY1
PHYLLIS D. MEADOWS (Co-Chair),2 Associate Dean for Practice, Office of Public Health Practice, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, and Senior Fellow, Health Program, The Kresge Foundation
LOURDES RODRÍGUEZ (Co-Chair), Program Officer, New York State Health Foundation
GILLIAN BARCLAY,2 former Vice President, Aetna Foundation
MARTHE R. GOLD, Visiting Scholar, New York Academy of Medicine
SARAH R. LINDE, Rear Admiral, U.S. Public Health Service, Chief Public Health Officer, Health Resources and Services Administration
SANNE MAGNAN, former President and Chief Executive Officer, Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement
KASISOMAYAJULA “VISH” VISWANATH, Professor of Health Communication, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Professor of Health Communication, McGraw-Patterson Center for Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
_______________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
2 Member of the Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity and the Elimination of Health Disparities.
This page intentionally left blank.
ROUNDTABLE ON POPULATION HEALTH IMPROVEMENT1
GEORGE ISHAM (Co-Chair), Senior Advisor, HealthPartners, and Senior Fellow, HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research
SANNE MAGNAN (Co-Chair), former President and Chief Executive Officer, Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement
DAVID A. KINDIG (Co-Chair emeritus), Professor Emeritus and Emeritus Vice-Chancellor, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
TERRY ALLAN, Health Commissioner, Cuyahoga County Board of Health
JOHN AUERBACH, Associate Director for Policy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Acting Director, Office for State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Support
CATHERINE BAASE, Global Director of Health Services, The Dow Chemical Company
RAYMOND J. BAXTER, Senior Vice President, Community Benefit, Research and Health Policy, Kaiser Permanente, and President, Kaiser Permanente International
RAPHAEL BOSTIC, Judith and John Bedrosian Chair in Governance and Public Enterprise, Sol Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California
DEBBIE I. CHANG, Vice President, Policy and Prevention, Nemours
CHARLES FAZIO, Medical Director, HealthPartners
GEORGE R. FLORES, Program Manager, The California Endowment
ALAN GILBERT, Director, Global Government and NGO Strategy, GE healthymagination
MARY LOU GOEKE, Executive Director, United Way of Santa Cruz County
MARTHE R. GOLD, Emeritus Professor, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City College of New York
GARTH GRAHAM, President, Aetna Foundation
GARY GUNDERSON, Vice President for Faith and Health, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Professor of Faith and Health of the Public, Wake Forest University School of Divinity
ROBERT M. KAPLAN, Chief Science Officer, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
JAMES KNICKMAN, President and Chief Executive Officer, New York State Health Foundation
_______________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
PAULA LANTZ, Professor and Associate Dean for Research and Policy Engagement, Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan
MICHELLE LARKIN, Assistant Vice President, Health Group, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
THOMAS A. LAVEIST, William C. and Nancy F. Richardson Professor in Health Policy, and Director, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
JEFFREY LEVI, Professor of Health Management and Policy, Milken Institute School of Public Healthm, George Washington University
SARAH R. LINDE, Rear Admiral, U.S. Public Health Service, Chief Public Health Officer, Health Resources and Services Administration
PHYLLIS D. MEADOWS, Associate Dean for Practice, Office of Public Health Practice, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, and Senior Fellow, Health Program, The Kresge Foundation
BOBBY MILSTEIN, Director, ReThink Health
JOSÉ MONTERO, Vice President of Population Health and Health Systems Integration, Cheshire Medical Center/Dartmouth Hitchcock Keene
MARY PITTMAN, President and Chief Executive Officer, Public Health Institute
PAMELA RUSSO, Senior Program Officer, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Health and Medicine Division Staff
ALINA B. BACIU, Study Director
COLIN F. FINK, Senior Program Assistant
DARLA THOMPSON, Program Officer
ROSE MARIE MARTINEZ, Senior Director, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published Proceedings of a Workshop as sound as possible and to ensure that the publication meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this Proceedings of a Workshop:
Judy Lubin, Public Square Communications
Xavier Morales, The Praxis Project
Wendy D. Puriefoy, Ford Foundation
Lydia Sermons, Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the Proceedings of a Workshop before its release. The review of this Proceedings of a Workshop was overseen by Harold J. Fallon, Medical University of South Carolina. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this Proceedings of a Workshop was carried out in
accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this Proceedings of a Workshop rests entirely with the rapporteur and the institution.
Boxes, Figures, and Tables
BOXES
FIGURES
2-1 Image of Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
2-4 Exposure–disease–stress framework for environmental health disparities
2-6 Reports of age, gender, and racial discrimination for black and white women
2-7 Conceptual model of how racism may shape time over the life course
2-8 Conceptual model of how racism may shape time over the life course in 2016
3-1 Art class at the Irene Kaufman Settlement House in the Pittsburgh Hill District, 1950
3-2 Checkers players in front of Babe’s Place, Logan and Epiphany Streets, Hill District, June 1949
3-4 Executive committee of the Allegheny Conference
3-5 Segregation in Pittsburgh, 1930
3-6 Pittsburgh’s proposed plan for urban renewal. Aerial photograph of the Lower Hill District, 1956
3-7 The Lower Hill District after urban renewal. Aerial photograph of completed Civic Arena, 1961
3-9 Middle Hill District, the ravages of disinvestment, 1999
TABLES
Acronyms and Abbreviations
| ACT | affirm, counter, transform |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CSI | Center for Social Inclusion |
| EDI | equity, diversity, and inclusion |
| GARE | Government Alliance on Race and Equity |
| IOM | Institute of Medicine |
| NACCHO | National Association of County and City Health Officials |
This page intentionally left blank.
