Reducing the Threat of Improvised Explosive Device Attacks by Restricting Access to Explosive Precursor Chemicals (2018)
Chapter: Appendix C: History of High-Profile Bombing Attacks
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Appendix C
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Suggested Citation:
"Appendix C: History of High-Profile Bombing Attacks." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Reducing the Threat of Improvised Explosive Device Attacks by Restricting Access to Explosive Precursor Chemicals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/24862.
Appendix C
History of High-Profile Bombing Attacks
Table on following page.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix C: History of High-Profile Bombing Attacks." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Reducing the Threat of Improvised Explosive Device Attacks by Restricting Access to Explosive Precursor Chemicals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/24862.
| Event (Location) | Main Charge | Mass (lb) | Booster | Initiator |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970-Sterling Hall Bombing (Madison, Wl) | ANFO | 2,000 | Dynamite | Caps |
| 1983-Beirut Barracks Bombing (Beirut, Lebanon) | PETN | 20,000 | u | u |
| 1983-US Embassy Bombings (Beirut, Lebanon) | ANFO | 2,000 | u | u |
| 1992-St. Mary Axe Bombing (London, United Kingdom) | CAN/IS | 1,000-2,000 | S/DC | u |
| 1993-World Trade Center Bombing (New York, NY) | Urea Nitrate | 1,200 | NG/AN | u |
| 1993-Bishopsgate Bombing (London, United Kingdom) | CAN/IS | 2,000-4,000 | S/DC | u |
| 1995-Oklahoma City Bombing (Oklahoma City, OK) | AN/NM | 5,000 | Commercial | Caps |
| 1996-Manchester Shopping Mall (Manchester, United Kingdom) | CAN/IS | 1,000-3,000 | S/DC | u |
| 1996-South Quay bombing (London, United Kingdom) | CAN/IS | 1,000-3,000 | S/DC | u |
| 1996-Khobar Towers Bombing (Khobar, Saudi Arabia) | C4 | 20,000 | u | |
| 1998-US Embassy Bombings (Tanzania, Kenya) | TNT | 2,000 | u | |
| 1999-Millennial Bomber Interdiction (Port Angeles, WA) | Urea Nitrate | <500 | EGDN | HMTD |
| 2000-USS Cole Bombing (Aden, Yemen) | Mil. Exp. | 1,000 | u | |
| 2001-Shoe Bomber (AA Flight 63) | PETN | <1 | DC | TATP |
| 2002-Bali Nightclub Bombing (Bali, Indonesia) | KCIO3/S/AI | 2,000 | DC | u |
| 2003-Marriott Hotel Jakarta Bombing (Jakarta, Indonesia) | KCIO3/S/AI | 100 | u | u |
| 2003-British Consulate Bombing (Istanbul, Turkey) | AN/AI | 1,000-2,000 | u | |
| 2003-Casablanca Bombings (Casablanca, Morocco) | TATP/AN | 10-20 | u | |
| 2004-Australian Embassy Attack (Jakarta, Indonesia) | KCIO3/S/AI | 1,000-2,000 | u | u |
| 2004-US Consulate Failed Attack (Karachi, Pakistan) | CHP/Flour | <2,000 | Caps | |
| 2004-Disrupted Jordanian Attack (Amman, Jordan) | CHP/Cumin | >10,000 | NG | Caps |
| 2004-US Embassy Attack (Tashkent, Uzbekistan) | AN/AI | 10-20 | u | |
| 2004-Madrid Train Bombings (Madrid, Spain) | Dynamite | 10-20 | u | |
| 2005-7/7 Underground Bombing (London, United Kingdom) | CHP/Black Pepper | 10-20 | TATP | |
| 2005-7/21 Bombing (London, United Kingdom) | CHP/Flour | 10-20 | TATP | |
| 2006-Operation Overt (London, United Kingdom) | CHP/Tang | <1 | HMTD | |
| 2006-Disrupted Plot (Ontario, Canada) | ANFO | 6,000-7,000 | u | u |
| 2007-Disrupted Bomb (Ramstein, Germany) | CHP/Flour | 1,000 | u | u |
| 2008-US Embassy Attack (Sana’a, Yemen) | TNT | 100 | u | |
| 2009-Underwear Bomber (NWA Flight 253) | PETN | <1 | TATP | |
| 2009-Operation Highrise Interdiction (Denver, CO/New York, NY) | CHP/Flour | 10 | TATP | |
| 2010-Printer Bombs (United Kingdom/United Arab Emirates) | PETN | <1 | MF | |
| 2010-Failed Times Square Plot (New York, NY) | AN/IS/Sawdust | 100 | Pyrotechnics | |
| 2011 -Khalid Ali-M Aldawsari Plot (Lubbock, TX) | Picric Acid | 10-20 | TATP | |
| 2011-Oslo Bombing (Oslo, Norway) | ANFO/CAN/AI/MB | 2,000 | Picric Acid | DDNP |
| 2012-Aurora Theater Shooting (Aurora, CO) | BP | 10-20 | KPMG/Thrm | |
| 2013-Boston Marathon Bombings (Boston, MA) | Pyrotechnics | 10-20 | u | |
| 2015-Paris Attacks (Paris, France) | TATP | 10-20 | u | |
| 2016-Brussels Attacks (Brussels, Belgium) | TATP | 30-40 | u | |
| 2016-Ahmad Khan Rahami (New York/New Jersey) | AN ET/BP/HMTD | 1-10 | u | |
| 2017-Concert Bombing (Manchester, United Kingdom) | TATP | u |
NOTE: AN: ammonium nitrate, AN/FO: ammonium nitrate / fuel oil, PETN: pentaerythritol tetranitrate, CAN: calcium ammonium nitrate, NM: nitromethane, TATP: triacetone triperoxide, BP: black powder, CHP: concentrated hydrogen peroxide, TNT: trinitrotoluene, MB: micro-balloons, Mil. Exp.: military explosives, u: unknown, NG: nitroglycerine, EGDN: ethylene glycol dinitrate, DDNP: diazodinitrophenol, IS: icing sugar, S/DC: semtex/detcord, MF: mercury fulminate, KPMG: potassium permanganate / glycerin, Thrm: thermite, ET: exploding target mixture.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix C: History of High-Profile Bombing Attacks." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Reducing the Threat of Improvised Explosive Device Attacks by Restricting Access to Explosive Precursor Chemicals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/24862.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix C: History of High-Profile Bombing Attacks." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Reducing the Threat of Improvised Explosive Device Attacks by Restricting Access to Explosive Precursor Chemicals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/24862.
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