Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification: A National Security Priority: Interim Report (2021)

Chapter: Appendix L: Table of MDV R&D Technical Capabilities Needed for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Nuclear Test Explosions, and Arms Control

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Table of MDV R&D Technical Capabilities Needed for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Nuclear Test Explosions, and Arms Control." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification: A National Security Priority: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26088.
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Appendix L

Table of MDV R&D Technical Capabilities Needed for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Nuclear Test Explosions, and Arms Control

MDV for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle MDV for Nuclear Test Explosions MDV for Arms Control
Data Analytics, Integration, and Systems Analysis
  • Signature discovery, event detection, data fusion, and open-source data
  • Data curation, data storage, data security, and data standards
  • Track notifications and movement
Authentication, Certification, and Validation
  • Authentication and validation of all processes, tools, data (including open-source), and analyses
  • Vulnerability analysis, tamper resistance, and managed access of equipment
  • Containment and surveillance (tags, seals, cameras, etc.) for maintaining continuity of knowledge
  • Standards and training
  • Validation of open-source information
Inspection Capability
  • Concept of operations (CONOPS), training tools, and expertise for safeguards and Additional Protocol inspections
  • CONOPS, training tools, and expertise for post-test detection on-site inspection capability (international consensus)
  • CONOPS, training tools, escort protocols, and expertise for on-site inspections and attended monitoring
Page 166 Cite
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Table of MDV R&D Technical Capabilities Needed for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Nuclear Test Explosions, and Arms Control." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification: A National Security Priority: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26088.
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MDV for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle MDV for Nuclear Test Explosions MDV for Arms Control
On-Site Radiation Detection and Characterization
  • Radiological and nuclear material measurement and characterization
  • Process monitoring in facilities
  • Improved sensitivity and discrimination
  • Field deployable methods and equipment, improved ruggedness
  • On-site inspection
  • Increased sensitivity threshold and isotopic discrimination
  • Fieldable, rapid, sensitive equipment for on-site inspection
  • Confirm presence or absence of warheads and dismantled material
  • Nuclear material measurement and characterization
  • Integrated information barriers
  • Field deployable methods and equipment
Unattendeda On-Site Monitoring
  • Persistent surveillance of facilities and items
  • Process monitoring in facilities
  • Persistent monitoring of materials at legacy test sites
  • Persistent surveillance of facilities and items
  • Portal monitoring
Environmental Monitoringb
  • Particulate and gas effluent monitoring
  • Swipe analyses
  • Local and wide-area environmental sampling
  • In-situ measurements
  • Signature discovery
  • Fate and transport, inverse transport modeling
  • Global background characterization
  • Particulate and gas effluent monitoring
  • In-situ and airborne measurements
  • Fate and transport, inverse transport modeling
  • Global background characterization
  • RN leakage characterization
Stand-off Monitoring
  • Overheadc sensing
  • Geologic sensing
  • Seismic, hydroacoustic, and infrasound monitoring
  • Overhead sensing
  • Enhanced local and regional geologic models and coupling/decoupling models
  • Improved sensitivity and discrimination
  • Overhead sensing
Page 167 Cite
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Table of MDV R&D Technical Capabilities Needed for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Nuclear Test Explosions, and Arms Control." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification: A National Security Priority: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26088.
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MDV for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle MDV for Nuclear Test Explosions MDV for Arms Control
Item Counting
  • Confirm presence or absence of fuel rods, material canisters, etc.
  • Statistical sampling
  • Weighing
  • Containment and surveillance (tags, cameras, and seals)
  • Portal monitoring
  • Confirm presence, absence, and/or dismantlement of delivery vehicles, warheads, weapon components, etc.
  • Statistical sampling
  • Containment and surveillance for chain of custody (tags and seals, buddy tags)
  • Portal monitoring
  • Information barriers

a Unattended systems operate autonomously with no operator intervention needed other than installation and perhaps periodic maintenance. These systems may be stand-off or onsite, and may be permissive or non-permissive.

b Environmental monitoring can be conducted inside and immediately outside nuclear facilities, as well as at much further distances from a known/unknown facility.

c Overhead refers to MDV by satellite, airplane, and/or drone.

Page 168 Cite
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Table of MDV R&D Technical Capabilities Needed for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Nuclear Test Explosions, and Arms Control." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification: A National Security Priority: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26088.
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Page 165 Cite
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Table of MDV R&D Technical Capabilities Needed for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Nuclear Test Explosions, and Arms Control." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification: A National Security Priority: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26088.
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Page 166 Cite
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Table of MDV R&D Technical Capabilities Needed for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Nuclear Test Explosions, and Arms Control." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification: A National Security Priority: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26088.
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Page 167 Cite
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Table of MDV R&D Technical Capabilities Needed for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Nuclear Test Explosions, and Arms Control." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification: A National Security Priority: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26088.
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Page 168 Cite
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Table of MDV R&D Technical Capabilities Needed for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Nuclear Test Explosions, and Arms Control." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification: A National Security Priority: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26088.
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Page 168
Next Chapter: Appendix M: MDV R&D Priorities Listed in the NDRD Strategic Plan for FY20202024
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