NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.
This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-FC01-94EW54069. All opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Energy.
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COMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR CLEANUP OF HIGH-LEVEL WASTE IN TANKS IN THE DOE WEAPONS COMPLEX
B. JOHN GARRICK, Chair,
PLG Inc. (retired), Newport Beach, California
VICKI M. BIER,
University of Wisconsin, Madison
ALLEN G. CROFF,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee
MARSHALL E. DRUMMOND*,
Eastern Washington University, Cheney
JOHN H. ROECKER, Consultant,
Colbert, Washington
CLAUDE G. SOMBRET,
Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (retired), Villeneuve Les Avignon, France
MARTIN J. STEINDLER,
Argonne National Laboratory (retired), Downers Grove, Illinois
RAYMOND G. WYMER,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (retired), Tennessee
Staff
ROBERT S. ANDREWS, Senior Staff Officer
ERIKA L. WILLIAMS, Research Assistant
PATRICIA A. JONES, Senior Project Assistant
LAURA D. LLANOS, Project Assistant
BOARD ON RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT
MICHAEL C. KAVANAUGH, Chair,
Malcolm Pirnie, Inc., Oakland, California
JOHN F. AHEARNE, Vice Chair,
Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society, and Duke University, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
ROBERT J. BUDNITZ,
Future Resources Associates, Inc., Berkeley, California
MARY R. ENGLISH,
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
DARLEANE C. HOFFMAN,
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California
JAMES H. JOHNSON, JR.,
Howard University, Washington, D.C.
ROGER E. KASPERSON,
Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts
JAMES O. LECKIE,
Stanford University, Stanford, California
JANE C. S. LONG,
University of Nevada, Reno
CHARLES McCOMBIE, International Consultant,
Wettingen, Switzerland
WILLIAM A. MILLS,
Oak Ridge Associated Universities (retired), Olney, Maryland
D. WARNER NORTH,
Northworks, Inc., Mountain View, California
MARTIN J. STEINDLER,
Argonne National Laboratory (retired), Argonne, Illinois
JOHN J. TAYLOR,
Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
MARY LOU ZOBACK,
U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California
BRWM Staff
KEVIN D. CROWLEY, Director
ROBERT S. ANDREWS, Senior Staff Officer
THOMAS E. KIESS, Senior Staff Officer
JOHN R. WILEY, Senior Staff Officer
SUSAN B. MOCKLER, Research Associate
TONI GREENLEAF, Administrative Associate
ROBIN L. ALLEN, Senior Project Assistant
PATRICIA A. JONES, Senior Project Assistant
ANGELA R. TAYLOR, Senior Project Assistant
LATRICIA C. BAILEY, Project Assistant
LAURA D. LLANOS, Project Assistant
COMMISSION ON GEOSCIENCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND RESOURCES
GEORGE M. HORNBERGER, Chair,
University of Virginia, Charlottesville
RICHARD A. CONWAY,
Union Carbide Corporation (retired), S. Charleston, West Virginia
THOMAS E. GRAEDEL,
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
THOMAS J. GRAFF,
Environmental Defense Fund, Oakland, California
EUGNIA KALNAY,
University of Oklahoma, Norman
DEBRA KNOPMAN,
Progressive Policy Institute, Washington, D.C.
KAI N. LEE,
Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts
RICHARD A. MESERVE,
Covington & Burling, Washington, D.C.
JOHN B. MOONEY, JR.,
J. Brad Mooney Associates, Ltd., Arlington, Virginia
HUGH C. MORRIS,
El Dorado Gold Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia
H. RONALD PULLIAM,
University of Georgia, Athens
MILTON RUSSEL,
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
THOMAS C. SCHELLING,
University of Maryland, College Park
ANDREW R. SOLOW,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
VICTORIA J. TSCHINKEL,
Landers and Parsons, Tallahassee, Florida
E-AN ZEN,
University of Maryland, College Park
MARY LOU ZOBACK,
United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California
Staff
ROBERT M. HAMILTON, Executive Director
GREGORY H. SYMMES, Associate Executive Director
CRAIG SCHIFFRIES, Associate Executive Director for Special Projects
JEANETTE SPOON, Administrative and Financial Officer
SANDI FITZPATRICK, Administrative Associate
MARQUITA SMITH, Administrative Assistant/Technology Analyst
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Acknowledgement of Reviewers
This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council (NRC) Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The content of the review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals, who are neither officials nor employees of the NRC, for their participation in the review of this report:
Robert J. Budnitz, Future Resources Associates, Inc.
Gregory R. Choppin, Florida State University
Donald R. Gibson, TRW Defense Services
Harry D. Harmon, Harmon Consulting
William E. Kastenberg, University of California
William A. MacCrehan, III, National Institute of Standards and Technology
Richard A. Meserve, Covington & Burling
D. Warner North, Northworks, Inc.
Frank L. Parker, Vanderbilt University
John L. Swanson, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (retired)
While the individuals listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, it must be emphasized that responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the NRC.
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Figures and Tables
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Figure 1 |
DOE Tank Sites |
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Figure 2 |
Two Basic Types of Hanford Tanks |
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Figure 3 |
Process for Using End State Criteria to Derive Technology Development Requirements |
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Figure 4 |
Committee's Reference and Plausible Bounding Scenarios and Functional Flowsheets for Hanford Site Tanks and Associated Wastes |
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Figure 5 |
Committee's Reference and Plausible Bounding Scenarios and Functional Flowsheets for Hanford Site Tanks and Associated Wastes (same of Figure 4), with Functions Selected for Discussion in This Report Shown in Bold Outlined Boxes |
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Table 1 |
Waste Tanks in the DOE EM Remediation Area Program by Site |
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Table 2 |
Waste Volumes for the Hanford Tanks, as of May 31, 1998 |
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Table 3 |
Selected Impacts of Hanford Tank Waste Remediation Alternatives |
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Table 4 |
Committee's Reference Hanford Tank Remediation Scenario—Concentration Goals for Key Radionuclides in Low-Activity Waste (LAW) for the Purposes of Planning Technology Development |
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Table 5 |
Extensive Separations Hanford Tank Remediation Scenario—Concentration Goals for Key Radionuclides in Low-Activity Waste (LAW) for the Purposes of Planning Technology Development |
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Table 6 |
Department of Energy Office of Science and Technology Projects on Enhanced Sludge Washing |
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Table 7 |
Department of Energy Office of Science and Technology Projects on Enhanced Barriers |
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