NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
The National Research Council (NRC) is the operating arm of the National Academies, which includes the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized in 1916 by the National Academy of Sciences to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and providing impartial advice to the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts, President of the National Academy of Sciences, and Dr. William A. Wulf, President of the National Academy of Engineering, also serve as chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
The Center for Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Education (CSMEE) was established in 1995 to provide coordination of all the National Research Council's education activities and reform efforts for students at all levels, specifically those in kindergarten through twelfth grade, undergraduate institutions, school-to-work programs, and continuing education. The Center reports directly to the Governing Board of the National Research Council.
This study by CSMEE's Mathematical Sciences Education Board was conducted under a grant from the National Science Foundation (DUE-9727710) to the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council. Any opinions, findings, or recommendations expressed in this report are those of the members of the Committee and the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Printed in the United States of America.
Copyright 1999 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES EDUCATIONBOARD
HYMAN BASS (CHAIR),
Columbia University
JERE CONFREY (VICE CHAIR),
University of Texas at Austin
DEBORAH L. BALL,
University of Michigan
GLENDA T. LAPPAN,
Michigan State University
MARK SAUL,
Bronxville Public Schools
EDWARD A. SILVER,
University of Pittsburgh
STAFF
JAY B. LABOV, Director,
Division on Postsecondary Policy and Practice, Center for Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Education
TERRY K. HOLMER, Senior Project Assistant
Center for Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Education
REVIEWERS
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report:
MARY COLVARD, Cobleskill-Richmondville High School
ARTHUR EISENKRAFT, Bedford Public Schools
ENRIQUE GALINDO, Indiana University
TOBY HORN, Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Mathematics
MIRIAM MASULLO, IBM Watson Research Laboratory
KURT MOSES, Academy for Educational Development
JAMES SERUM, Hewlett-Packard, Inc.
While the individuals listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, responsibility for the final content of this report rests solely with the workshop planning committee and the National Research Council.
