Innovation Policy Forum

Workshop

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In recent decades, production processes of intermediate and final products have been increasingly fragmented across countries in what are called global value chains (GVCs). GVCs may involve companies in one country outsourcing stages of production to unrelated entities in other countries, multinational enterprises (MNEs) offshoring stages of production to units of the MNE overseas, or both. GVCs can also involve completely independent companies merely sourcing their parts from whichever upstream company may be the most competitive, with no control arrangement necessarily involved. The changing global trade environment and the changes in firms' behavior have raised new and more complicated issues for policy makers and have made it difficult for them to understand the extent and operations of GVCs and their spillover effects on national and local economies.

To improve the understanding, measurement, and valuation of GVCs, the Innovation Policy Forum at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop, "Innovation, Global Value Chains, and Globalization Measurement" May 5-7, 2021. This proceedings has been prepared by the workshop rapporteurs as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop.

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188 pages · 6 x 9 · paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-27795-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-27796-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/26477

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Innovation, Global Value Chains, and Globalization Measurement: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Workshop

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The Manufacturing USA initiative seeks to reinforce U.S.-based advanced manufacturing through partnerships among industry, academia, and government. Started in 2012 and established with bipartisan support by the Revitalize American Manufacturing and Innovation Act of 2014, the initiative envisages a nationwide network of research centers for manufacturing innovation. Some 14 manufacturing innovation institutes have been established to facilitate the movement of early-stage research into proven capabilities ready for adoption by U.S. manufacturers.

To better understand the role and experiences of the Manufacturing USA institutes, a committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on May 23, 2017 drawing together institute directors and manufacturing policy experts along with leaders from industry, academia, and government. Given the continued prominence of enhancing domestic manufacturing and international competitiveness in public policy discussions, the National Academies convened a second workshop on November 14, 2018, to monitor the progress of the Manufacturing USA institutes. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from this second workshop.

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70 pages · 6 x 9 · paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-49162-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-49163-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/25420

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Revisiting the Manufacturing USA Institutes: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Workshop_in_brief

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Micropolitan areas of the United States, cities with populations between 10,000 and 50,000 people, have received little attention from either the research or policy communities regarding their roles in the U.S. economy. Only recently has attention turned toward small-town America in order to try to characterize and understand the roles micropolitan areas play in productivity, growth, employment and, more broadly, in the innovation system of the nation. Likewise, little research has been undertaken to gain a better understanding of which policy instruments and frameworks can best support economic development and workforce readiness in micropolitan areas.

To explore this topic, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a one-day workshop in Indianapolis in April 2018 on "Advancing Economic Development and Workforce Readiness in Micropolitan Areas" in coordination with the Indiana University Public Policy Institute's "Thriving Communities, Thriving State" program. This event sought to connect theory to practice by bringing together policy makers, individuals from industry, and researchers across several disciplines to discuss lessons from current research and on-the-ground experience, explore how this knowledge may be utilized to shape policies to effectively support economic development and workforce readiness, and ultimately lay the groundwork for creating a research and knowledge agenda for future work. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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7 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-48780-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/25339

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Advancing Economic Development and Workforce Readiness in Micropolitan Areas: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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The Manufacturing USA initiative seeks to reinforce U.S.-based advanced manufacturing through partnerships among industry, academia, and government. Started in 2012 and established with bipartisan support by the Revitalize American Manufacturing and Innovation Act of 2014, the initiative envisages a nationwide network of research centers for manufacturing innovation. As of May 2017, 14 manufacturing innovation institutes had been established to facilitate the movement of early-stage research into proven capabilities ready for adoption by U.S. manufacturers.

To better understand the role and experiences of the Manufacturing USA institutes to date, a committee of the Innovation Policy Forum of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on May 23, 2017 drawing together institute directors and manufacturing policy experts along with leaders from industry, academia, and government. Participants addressed the role of the manufacturing institutes in increasing advanced manufacturing in the United States, examined selected foreign programs designed to support advanced manufacturing, and reviewed recent assessments of existing institutes. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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128 pages · 6 x 9 · paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-46452-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-46453-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/24875

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Securing Advanced Manufacturing in the United States: The Role of Manufacturing USA: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Workshop_in_brief

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Through grants, contracts, and loans, the federal government invests over $140 billion annually in research and development. Most economists agree that public support for research and development is essential given that the private sector—unable to internalize the social benefits—will underinvest in the creation of knowledge that may lead to innovation. Critics have questioned the adequacy of the return on this public investment, arguing that government investment is ineffective, inefficient, and may simply crowd out private investment. Overlaying these issues are questions about the broader impacts of these federal investments on inequality—that is, the distribution of gains from the fruits of innovation.

On December 15, 2016, the Innovation Policy Forum of the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy held a workshop designed to gather leading researchers to explore the returns to federal investments in the innovation system, which include economic growth, job creation, as well as improved health and quality of life. The workshop was structured into four panels investigating social returns to: (1) federal investments in basic research; (2) federal support to private-sector innovation (which include research and expenditure (R&E) tax credits, small business support, prizes, and the patent system, among other policies); (3) public investments in human capital and supporting infrastructure such as digital infrastructure; and (4) the relationship between innovation, inequality, and social mobility. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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12 pages · 8.5 x 11 ·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-46600-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/24905

Suggested citation

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Returns to Federal Investments in the Innovation System: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Innovation Policy Forum

Innovation, Global Value Chains, and Globalization Measurement: Proceedings of a Workshop

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