Respiratory Protection for the Public and Workers without Respiratory Protection Programs at their Workplaces

Consensus

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Individuals in the United States and Americans abroad are exposed to inhalation hazards from a variety of sources, and these hazards can have both short- and long-term adverse effects on health. For example, exposure to wildfire smoke, which contains particulate matter and toxic chemicals, can lead to respiratory problems, increased risk for heart attacks, and other adverse health outcomes. Individuals also may be exposed to airborne infectious agents through aerosol or droplet transmission, and as demonstrated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the individual and public health consequences of these exposures can be severe. Storms, floods, and hurricanes can increase exposure to moisture-driven hazards, such as mold, and to accidental releases from production facilities or transport vehicles that may result in chemical exposures.

The current regulatory system is focused primarily on ensuring access to respiratory protection in occupational settings characterized by well-defined hazards and employer-employee relationships. With this narrow regulatory focus, the respiratory protection needs of the public and many workers are not being met. As climate change increases the incidence and severity of wildfires, hurricanes, floods, infectious disease outbreaks, and other phenomena that impact air quality and human health, it is imperative that the United States ensure that the respiratory protection needs of the public and all workers are met. Recognizing the urgent need to address the gaps in the nation's ability to meet the respiratory protection needs of the public and workers without workplace respiratory protection programs, this report makes recommendations for a framework of responsibilities and authorities that would provide a unified and authoritative source of information and effective oversight for the development, approval, and use of respiratory protection.

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Publication information

572 pages · 6 x 9 · paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-27137-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-27141-X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/26372

Suggested citation

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Frameworks for Protecting Workers and the Public from Inhalation Hazards. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Jonathan M. Samet

Jonathan Samet, M.D., M.S., (chair) a pulmonary physician and epidemiologist, is Dean of the Colorado School of Public Health. Previously, he was the Distinguished Professor and Flora L. Thornton Chair for the Department of Preventive Medicine at the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California. His research has focused on the health risks of inhaled pollutants in outdoor air and also indoor pollutants including secondhand smoke and radon. He has also investigated the occurrence and causes of cancer and respiratory diseases, emphasizing the risks of active and passive smoking. He has served on and chaired numerous committees of the National Research Council and National Academy of Medicine, including chairing the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. For several decades, he has been involved in global health, focusing on tobacco control, air pollution, and chronic disease prevention. He has been chair of the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee of the EPA and the FDA’s Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee. Dr. Samet has served as Editor and Author for Reports of the Surgeon General on Smoking and Health since 1984, receiving the Surgeon General’s Medallion in 1990 and 2006 for these contributions. Dr. Samet received the 2004 Prince Mahidol Award for Global Health awarded by the King of Thailand, the Edward Livingston Trudeau Medal from the American Thoracic Society/American Lung Association, the Luther Terry Award for Distinguished Career from the American Cancer Society, and the Fries Prize for Health. He was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 1997 and received the David Rall Medal in 2015.

Gloria Addo-Ayensu

Gloria Addo-Ayensu, M.D., M.P.H., is the Director of Health for Fairfax County. In this capacity she provides overall leadership and direction for public health programs in the county and serves as the official health advisor to Fairfax Board of Supervisors, Health Care Advisory Board and the Human Services Council. She is a visionary leader with a passion for promoting community resiliency and creating innovative, practical and sustainable community-based approaches to public health challenges. She has led a number of regional and state public health initiatives in the areas of health literacy, emergency preparedness, obesity prevention and health equity, as well as served on a number of national committees, including NACCHO’s Public Health Preparedness Essential Services Committee and two Institute of Medicine committees on personal protective equipment for healthcare workers to prevent transmission of pandemic influenza or other viral respiratory infections. In 2016 Dr. Gloria was a recipient of the A. Heath Onthank Memorial Award, the highest honor the county bestows upon its employees.

Wandi Bruine de Bruin

Wändi Bruine de Bruin, Ph.D., is Provost Professor of Public Policy, Psychology, and Behavioral Science at the University of Southern California (USC), where she leads the initiative on Behavioral Science and Well-Being Policy. At USC, she is affiliated with the Price School of Public Policy, the Dornsife School’s Department of Psychology, the Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, the Center for Economic and Social Research, the Center for Sustainability Solutions, and the Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events. She previously served on the faculty at Carnegie Mellon University's Department of Engineering and Public Policy and the Leeds University Business School (UK), and still holds affiliations with each. She holds a PhD in Behavioral Decision Research and Psychology from Carnegie Mellon University. Wändi’s research aims to understand and inform how people make decisions about their health, well-being, and environmental impacts. She also studies age differences in decision-making competence. She has published over 120 peer-reviewed papers on these topics, in journals targeting psychology, public policy, health, and environmental science. She is a Fellow of the Psychonomic Society, of the UK’s Academy of Social Sciences, and of the Network for Studies on Pensions, Aging and Retirement (NETSPAR). She is a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, Decision, Medical Decision Making, the Journal of Risk Research, and Psychology and Aging. She is co-leading a national USC survey that is tracking people’s risk perceptions and experiences associated with COVID-19. She has previously served on expert panels for the National Academy of Sciences on Communicating Science Effectively and for the Council of the Canadian Academies on Health Product Risk Communication.

Sarah Coefield

Sarah Coefield, M.S., M.A., is an Air Quality Specialist with the Missoula City-County Health Department. As a public health practitioner she works to prepare the public for air pollution events through studies, communication, planning and direct interventions. She has lectured on the topic of Wildfire Smoke-Ready Communities at multiple conferences, workshops and webinars in the United States and Canada, including a 2018 International Association of Wildland Fire conference, a 2018 Northwest Center for Public Health Practice Hot Topics In Practice webinar, the 2019 Health Effects Institute Annual Conference, a 2019 American Thoracic Society workshop, a 2019 Air & Waste Management Association conference, and a 2019 British Columbia Lung Association conference. Ms. Coefield has been a part of the Air Quality Program at the health department since 2010. She runs lead on smoke management, wildfire smoke response, and oxygenated fuels and also works on large projects, such as the PM10 Redesignation Request and the Carbon Monoxide Limited Maintenance Plan.

Howard J. Cohen

Howard J. Cohen, Ph.D., M.P.H., CIH, consults in areas of occupational exposure assessment and respiratory protection. He retired as Professor Emeritus at the University of New Haven where he chaired the Occupational Safety and Health Management program. He has served as an Adjunct Professor and Instructor at the Yale University’s Schools of Public Health and Medicine. He also served briefly as an Adjunct Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Rhode Island. He received his BA from Boston University and earned both his PhD in Industrial Hygiene and his MPH at the University of Michigan. He is board certified in the comprehensive practice of industrial hygiene by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene. Prior to joining the University of New Haven faculty in 1994, Dr. Cohen spent 16 years as an industrial hygienist at Olin Corporation, where he last served as its corporate manager. Dr. Cohen was Editor-in-Chief of the American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal from 1991–2003 and then served as a member of the Editorial Board of Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene until 2017. He has previously served as Chair of the ANSI Z88.2 Committee on Respiratory Protection and Chair of the American Industrial Hygiene Association Committee on Respiratory Protection. He also has served as Treasurer of the American Board of Industrial Hygiene. Dr. Cohen has received numerous professional awards including the 1989 Warren A. Cook Award, the 1990, 1992 and 2002 John M. White Award for excellence in respiratory protection, the 2003 Alfred Kammer award, the 2007 Donald Cummings Award and the 2011 Henry Smyth Jr. Award. His published writings address occupational exposure assessment, the characterization of specific airborne particulates, and the performance of respiratory protective devices. Since August of 2021, Howard has joined StoneTurn Consultants and, with 9 other subject matter experts, is providing expertise to NIOSH's National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL) under a competitively awarded contract titled: “Transitioning PPE Conformity Assessment Practices to Align with the National Framework for Conformity Assessment.”

Joseph Domitrovich

Joseph Domitrovich, Ph.D., is a wildland firefighter and an exercise physiologist for the U.S. Forest Service National Technology and Development Program based in Missoula, MT. He started with the Forest Service in 2007. He completed his Ph.D. at the University of Montana, Missoula in Interdisciplinary Studies with an emphasis in exercise physiology. He received his Master’s also at the University of Montana, and his Bachelors’ at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo in California. Dr. Domitrovich’s work at the National Technology and Development Program (NTDP) includes hydration, nutrition, health effects of smoke, heat related illnesses, stress and fitness. He is an advisor to the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) Risk Management Committee and the Forest Service Fire Risk Management Council. Joe is the Forest Service representative to the National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) committee on Respiratory Protection, and task group chair for NFPA 1984 (Wildland and Urban Interface Respiratory Protection). He teaches wildland fire training courses at the local and national level.

Karen M. Emmons

Karen Emmons, Ph.D., is a Professor of Social and Behavioral Science at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. She is behavioral scientist with a strong track record of funded research in community-based approaches to cancer prevention in a variety of settings that serve under-resourced communities, including low income housing and community health centers. Her work targets a range of cancer risk factors, including nutrition, physical activity, sun exposure, tobacco and second-hand smoke exposure, and cancer screening. Her research teams have included interdisciplinary perspectives on cancer risk reduction and health disparities, with a focus on multiple cancer risk behaviors. Dr. Emmons has a strong track record as a mentor, and is a past recipient of a mid-career K award focused on dissemination an implementation research to reduce cancer disparities. Her current work and writing focuses heavily on implementation science, particularly in community health settings, and she has been actively involved in national efforts to develop implementation research and training programs. She currently serves as the Faculty Director of the Community Engagement Program for Harvard’s Clinical Translational Science Award. Dr. Emmons is Past-President of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, and a member of the National Academy of Medicine.

Shawn Gibbs

Shawn Gibbs, Ph.D., M.B.A., C.I.H., joined Texas A&M University on May 1, 2020, as Dean of the School of Public Health. Dr. Gibbs is an industrial hygienist whose expertise is in the disruption of highly infectious diseases, such as COVID-19 and Ebola virus disease. His research has helped to determine national policies, procedures, and best practices for responders and healthcare workers to safely treat patients with Ebola virus disease, COVID-19, and other highly infectious diseases. Dr. Gibbs is sought after to lend guidance to national and international organizations, such as his appointment to the United States Environmental Protection Agency Board of Scientific Counselors-Homeland Security Subcommittee as well as work with the U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Air Force Air Mobility Command. He obtained a Bachelor of Science in Biology at The Ohio State University. While working as a contractor for the USEPA, he attended the University of Cincinnati (UC) where he was awarded a Master of Science in Environmental Engineering, and then a Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science. While serving as Associate Dean at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) he completed his MBA in Agribusiness from the University of Nebraska. His first tenure track position was with the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston at their El Paso regional campus, where he served as co-director of two Cores of the Hispanic Health Disparities Research Center. He then went to the College of Public Health at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, where he served as Director of Masters Programs and then Associate Dean of Student Affairs. There he worked with the Nebraska Biocontainment Unit (NBU) as Director of Research. Their team designed quarantine, isolation, personal protective equipment (PPE), other policies and procedures, and provided international training and evaluation to first responders, including the military, and others who have direct or indirect patient contact. They performed decontamination research to assist with shortages in PPE. Dr. Gibbs and the Nebraska Biocontainment Unit served the US Ebola response, including treatment of patients with Ebola virus disease. Dr. Gibbs then went to Indiana University to serve as Executive Associate Dean of the School of Public Health. While at Indiana University, he also held several interim roles, including Associate Dean for Research. He developed a National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) training grant that resulted into the Biosafety and Infectious Disease Training Initiative, a partnership with several nationally recognized organizations, including the University of Texas Health School of Public Health, to deliver national trainings on infectious disease. This merged into a continuing partnership with the UTHealth led Prevention, Preparedness, and Response (P2R) Consortium a NIESH funded Worker Training Program, a relationship that has continued through his return to Texas. As Dean of the School of Public Health, Dr. Gibbs assumed leadership of a School committed to transforming health through interdisciplinary inquiry, innovative solutions and development of leaders through the Aggie tradition of service to engage diverse communities worldwide. Dr. Gibbs and the Texas A&M School of Public Health have served the University, County, State and Country through the response to COVID-19.

Ayse Gurses

Ayse P. Gurses, Ph.D., M.S., M.P.H., is a professor in the Johns Hopkins University Schools of Medicine, Bloomberg Public Health and Whiting Engineering. She is the founding Director of the Armstrong Institute Center for Health Care Human Factors. She is an industrial and systems engineer (with sub-specialization in human factors engineering), an implementation scientist, and a health services researcher. Her current research efforts focus on improving patient safety (medication safety, diagnostic safety, care transitions/ handoffs in pediatric trauma, preventing health care acquired infections), health care worker safety (protecting health care workers from communicable diseases through engineering-based solutions, workload management, reducing clinician stress and burnout), and patient- and family-centeredness of care (improving communication and partnership with patients in primary care for safe medication management). Dr. Gurses earned her Ph.D. in industrial and systems engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and completed her postdoctoral training at the University of Maryland-Baltimore. Before joining the Johns Hopkins University, she served as a faculty member at the University of Maryland-Baltimore and the University of Minnesota. She is a member of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, where she was the chair of the Health Care Technical Group. She serves as the Scientific Editor of Applied Ergonomics, a top-level journal in the field of human factors engineering. Her work has been recognized with numerous awards. Most recently, she was awarded with a Best Paper Award from the International Ergonomics Association and the Liberty Mutual for research examining patient safety in the cardiovascular operating room and an Early Career Investigator Award from the Federation of Associations in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (FABBS) Foundation.

Robert Harrison

Robert Harrison, M.D., M.P.H., is a Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. Dr. Robert Harrison joined UCSF in 1984. He founded and has directed UCSF Occupational Health Services for more than 15 years, and now is a senior attending physician. He has diagnosed and treated thousands of patients with work- and environmental-induced diseases and injuries. He also directs the worker tracking investigation program for the California Department of Public Health. Harrison received his B.A. from the University of Rochester and his M.D. from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He is board certified in both internal medicine and occupational medicine. He has served on the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Cal/OSHA) Standards Board, and authored numerous publications in the area of occupational medicine. He is a clinical professor of medicine at UCSF.

Stephanie M. Holm

Stephanie Holm, M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., is Co-Director of the Western States Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit and a Public Health Medical Officer at The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment of the California EPA. Dr. Holm received her medical degree in 2011 from the University of Pittsburgh. She is board certified in both pediatrics and occupational/environmental medicine (trained at Children’s Hospital and Research Center Oakland and University of California San Francisco, respectively). She also completed a year of pediatric pulmonary training at Oakland before leaving to further pursue her interests in pediatric research and pediatric environmental medicine. She was the PI on THE AQUA study, a dual cohort study of asthmatic children with and without cigarette exposure, which measured particulate matter levels in children’s home environments in order to correlate these with features and behaviors of the household and its occupants. As part of her work with the Region 9 PEHSU, she has reviewed literature relevant to the health effects of wildfire smoke and potential public health responses, including literature on the use of masks and respirators by the general public. As part of her PEHSU work she is one of the authors on multiple fact-sheets and infographics that mention masks and respirators in the setting of wildfire smoke, which are based on her published work in the peer-reviewed literature. Dr. Holm completed an MPH and a PhD in epidemiology at UC Berkeley.

Sundaresan Jayaraman

Sundaresan Jayaraman, Ph.D. is Kolon Professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is also the Founding Director of the Kolon Center for Lifestyle Innovation at Georgia Tech. A pioneer in bringing about convergence between textiles and computing, Professor Jayaraman’s research has led to the paradigm of “Fabric is the Computer.” He is a leader in studying and defining the roles of engineering design, manufacturing and materials technologies in public policy for the nation. Professor Jayaraman and his research students have made significant contributions in the following areas: (i) Smart Textile-based Wearable Systems; (ii) Computer-aided Manufacturing, Automation and Enterprise Architecture Modeling; (iii) Engineering Design and Analysis of Intelligent Textile Structures and Processes; and (iv) Design and Development of Knowledge Based Systems (KBS) for textiles and apparel. Professor Jayaraman is a recipient of the 1989 Presidential Young Investigator Award from NSF for his research in the area of computer aided manufacturing and enterprise architecture. In September 1994, he was elected a Fellow of the Textile Institute, (UK). His publications include a textbook on computer-aided problem solving published by McGraw-Hill in 1991 and ten U.S. patents. As Principal Investigator, he has received over $16Million in research funding from a variety of sources including NSF, DARPA, DoD, NIST, CDC, and industry. Dr. Jayaraman served as Technical Editor, Information Technology, for ATI Magazine (now Textile World) from 1995-2003. From May 2000 to October 2004, he was an Editor of the Journal of the Textile Institute and is currently on the Editorial Advisory Board. Professor Jayaraman is a founding member of the IOM Standing Committee on Personal Protective Equipment in the Workplace (2005-2013). From December 2008 to February 2011, he served on the Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design of the National Academies. In February 2011, he became a founding member of the National Materials and Manufacturing Board of the National Academies. He has also served on seven Study Committees for the National Academy of Medicine (formerly Institute of Medicine) and the National Research Council of the National Academies. He is also a founding member of the IEEE Technical Committee on Biomedical Wearable Systems (2004 –2008). In October 2000, Professor Jayaraman received the Georgia Technology Research Leader Award from the State of Georgia.

James S. Johnson

James S. Johnson, Ph.D., C.I.H., Q.E.P., is a certified industrial hygienist and qualified environmental professional who has operated JSJ and Associates on a part-time basis since 1978. JSJ and Associates is a small consulting firm specializing in occupational safety and health and hazardous material issues. Many of the firm’s projects since 1978 have involved a variety of personal protective equipment work activities with tasks on firefighter respiratory protective equipment routinely addressed. Dr. Johnson worked at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) from1972 through 2006. His position from November 2000 to 2006 was section leader of the Chemical and Biological Safety Section of the Safety Programs Division. Throughout his career at LLNL, Dr. Johnson was involved with respiratory protection and personal protective equipment as a respiratory program administrator, research scientist, and division and section manager. He is an AIHA fellow; a past member of the NFPA Technical Correlating Committee on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment; a past member of the NFPA Respiratory Protection Equipment Committee; past chair of the International Society for Respiratory Protection (ISRP), past ISRP Americas Section Chair, and past ISRP Journal Editor. Currently Dr. Johnson is the Subcommittee Chair of the ASTM Subcommittee F23.65 on respiratory protection. The recent relocation of the ANSI Z88 Secretariat from the American Society of Safety Professionals (ASSP) to ASTM has expanded the visibility and participation in respiratory standards development. New work items initiated to support the COVID-19 pandemic will address facial covering performance, emergency responder elastomeric respirator performance, and elastomeric respirator decontamination test methods. He also continues to provide his expertise on respiratory program improvements, Hanford Tank Farm, use of toxic materials, beryllium, as well as providing expert witness consultation on respiratory protection. He has coauthored a number of respirator articles as well as authored several chapters on respiratory protection in the past several years. Since August of 2021, Dr. Johnson has joined StoneTurn Consultants and, with 9 other subject matter experts, is providing expertise to NIOSH's National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL) under a competitively awarded contract titled: “Transitioning PPE Conformity Assessment Practices to Align with the National Framework for Conformity Assessment.”

Bruce Lippy

Bruce Lippy, Ph.D., CIH, CSP, FAIHA is the Director of Nanomaterials Research at CPWR - The Center for Construction Research and Training and president of The Lippy Group, LLC. Dr. Lippy started his career in industrial hygiene working with Maryland Occupational Safety and Health in 1978. He has a Ph.D. in policy from the University of Maryland Baltimore County. He is a Certified Industrial Hygienist and Certified Safety Professional and was recently designated a Fellow of the American Industrial Hygiene Association. As an Associate at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, he teaches a graduate course on occupational injury prevention. He is a member of the National Response Team and has supported the protection of responders during 9-11, the anthrax attacks, Hurricane Katrina and the Gulf oil spill. He has recently performed safety culture audits for large construction projects, including the first nuclear power unit to be built in the U.S. in decades. He served on a National Academies of Science committee on the use of elastomeric respirators in health care and continues to advise management of the Department of Energy's chemical waste storage facilities in Hanford, Washington about proper respiratory protection for the workers at the facilities. Since August of 2021, Dr. Lippy has joined StoneTurn Consultants and, with 9 other subject matter experts, is providing expertise to NIOSH's National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL) under a competitively awarded contract titled: “Transitioning PPE Conformity Assessment Practices to Align with the National Framework for Conformity Assessment.”

David M. Michaels

David Michaels, Ph.D., M.P.H., is an epidemiologist and Professor of Environmental and Occupational Health at the Milken Institute School of Public Health of George Washington University. He served as Assistant Secretary of Labor for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration from 2009 to 2017, the longest serving in the agency’s history. From 1998 to 2001, Dr. Michaels was Assistant Secretary of Energy for Environment, Safety, and Health, charged with protecting the workers, community residents, and environment in and around the nation’s nuclear weapons facilities. In that position, he was the chief architect of the historic initiative to compensate nuclear weapons workers who were sickened by radiation, beryllium, and other toxic exposures. Much of Dr. Michaels' work has focused on protecting the integrity of the science underpinning public health, safety, and environmental protections. On this topic, he is the author of Doubt is Their Product: How Industry's Assault on Science Threatens Your Health (Oxford University Press, 2008) and The Triumph of Doubt: Dark Money and the Science of Deception (Oxford University Press, 2020). He is a recipient of the American Association for the Advancement of Science’s Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award, the American Public Health Association’s David P. Rall Award for Advocacy in Public Health, and the John P. McGovern Science and Society Award given by Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society. Dr. Michaels is a member of the Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Toxicology Program. He received his PhD and MPH from Columbia University and his BA from the City College of New York.

Mary Rice

Mary Rice, M.D., M.P.H., is an Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Rice’s research focuses on preventable causes of chronic lung disease in children and adults, including environmental exposures such as air pollution, weather, allergens and microbes, and behavioral and nutritional risk factors. Dr. Rice directs the Institute for Lung Health at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), a clinical and translational research program in respiratory disease that applies advanced statistical and sampling methodologies, and leverages BIDMC clinical programs in chronic lung disease and multiple U.S.-based prospective cohort studies of children and adults. Her research is funded by the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). In 2020, Dr. Rice received an Outstanding New Environmental Scientist (ONES) award from NIEHS to study the effect of home air purification for COPD. Dr. Rice has received the Jo Rae Wright award for outstanding science (2020) and the David Bates award (2016), both from the American Thoracic Society (ATS), for her contributions to the field of environmental, occupational and population health. She was the vice chair (2015-2018) and is now chair (2018-) of the ATS Environmental Health Policy Committee, and is an active member of several ATS assembly committees. Dr. Rice is the co-editor of the section on environmental science and health of the Annals of the American Thoracic Society.

Kevin Riley

Kevin Riley, Ph.D., M.P.H., is the Director of Research and Evaluation at UCLA’s Labor Occupational Safety and Health (LOSH) Program, which collaborates with workers, unions, community organizations, employers, academics, students, governmental representatives, and health professionals to improve health and safety conditions for workers in Southern California. Initiatives include health and safety training, education for low-income, minority, and immigrant workers, public advocacy, and participation in industry-wide research relating to policy issues in California. Dr. Riley serves as Principal Investigator of the Western Region Universities Consortium (WRUC), a partnership of four university-based hazmat training programs funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Worker Training Program and supporting hazmat-related worker training initiatives throughout EPA Regions IX and X. He had led WRUC’s training initiatives for healthcare workers on aerosol transmissible disease hazards and California’s ATD Standard—most recently with an emphasis on protections from SARS-CoV-2. He has also overseen training efforts for workers exposed to smoke and atmospheric particulate matter during wildfire events. Other areas of research have included heat illness among outdoor workers; occupational injuries and workers’ compensation eligibility for residential day laborers and domestic workers; long work hours among long-haul truck drivers and live-in caregivers; and evaluation of various worker training initiatives. Dr. Riley received his PhD in Sociology from UCLA and his MPH from the UCLA School of Public Health. He is an active member of the Occupational Health Section of the American Public Health Association.

Daniel K. Shipp

Daniel K. Shipp was president of the International Safety Equipment Association (ISEA), the association for manufacturers and distributors of personal protective equipment and clothing, from 1993 until his retirement in 2017. As the chief staff officer of ISEA, Shipp represented US safety equipment manufacturers before Congress and US regulatory agencies, as well as global industry and government forums. He has served as a member of the National Academies Committee on Personal Protective Equipment (COPPE), the Board of the Americas Section of the International Society for Respiratory Protection, and the Board of Directors of the National Safety Council, as well as the NIOSH NPPTL PPE Conformity Assessment Working Group. He was a member of the planning committee for the National Academies August 2020 workshop on current issues in assessment of respiratory protective devices. Since August of 2021, Shipp has joined StoneTurn Consultants and, with 9 other subject matter experts, is providing expertise to NIOSH's National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL) under a competitively awarded contract titled: “Transitioning PPE Conformity Assessment Practices to Align with the National Framework for Conformity Assessment.”

Rosemary K. Sokas

Rosemary K. Sokas, M.D., M.O.H., M.Sc., is Professor of Human Science at the Georgetown University School of Nursing and Health Studies and Professor of Family Medicine at the Georgetown School of Medicine. She has more than 30 years of experience in the field of occupational and environmental medicine and public health. She is an internist who provided primary care in safety net health centers in Las Marias, Puerto Rico and Bronx, New York, and subsequently specialized in occupational health and public health, serving as the Director of the Office of Occupational Medicine at the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and as Associate Director for Science at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)/CDC. She has held academic positions at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Studies, and the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, where she conducted participatory action research and educational programs engaging workers, community members, and practitioners and students in medicine, public health, nursing and community peer education. Her research and career focus on occupational and environmental health for high risk, low-wage vulnerable populations. Her publications address the role primary care providers play in addressing the prevention needs of under-served working populations, and etiologic and intervention studies targeting hazards faced by construction workers, healthcare workers, immigrant day labor and home care workers, including the impact of contingent work and the need for supply chain and other policy interventions. Her interests include transdisciplinary collaboration and mixed-method approaches to addressing social justice concerns in the workplace and in the community.

John Volckens

John Volckens, Ph.D., is a professor of Mechanical Engineering and the Director of the Center for Energy Development and Health at Colorado State University (CSU). He holds affiliate appointments in Environmental Health, Biomedical Engineering, the Colorado School of Public Health, and the CSU Energy Institute. His research interests involve air quality, low-cost sensors, exposure science, and air pollution-related disease. His laboratory is currently testing respirators and other respiratory protective devices for effectiveness against COVID-19. He is a founding member of the CSU Partnership for Air Quality, Climate, and Health – an organization that seeks to develop practical, science-vetted solutions to intertwined problems of air quality, climate, and health that we face as a society. He holds a B.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of Vermont and M.S., Ph.D. degrees in Environmental Engineering from the School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He then went on to a Postdoctoral position at the U.S. EPA’s National Exposure Research Laboratory in Research Triangle Park, NC. At CSU, he has pioneered the development of several new pollution sensor technologies, which have been deployed for public health research in over 30 different countries and as far away as the International Space Station. He is a co-founder of Access Sensor Technologies, LLC – a company started through his research collaborations at Colorado State University. He has published over 100 manuscripts related to exposure science, aerosol technology, and air pollution-related disease and has been the principal investigator for over $20M in funded research from the US EPA, NIH, CDC, and NASA.

Meeting

Respiratory Protection for the Public and Workers without Respiratory Protection Programs at their Workplaces: Committee Meeting 1

November 5, 2020

12:30 PM - 3:40 PM (ET)

Past

Materials

About

This is a virtual meeting. If you would like to attend the sessions of this event that are open to the public or need more information, please contact Autumn Downey at adowney@nas.edu.

Additional Information

Is it a Closed Session event?

Partially Closed

The following committee members were present at the closed sessions of the event

Jonathan Samet, Wandi Bruine De Bruin, Howard Cohen, Gloria Addo-Ayensu, Sarah Coefield, Joseph Domitrovich, Shawn Gibbs, Ayse Gurses, Robert Harrison, Stephanie Holm, Sundaresan Jayaraman, Bruce Lippy, James Johnson, David Michaels, Mary Rice, Kevin Riley, Daniel Shipp, Rosemary Sokas, John Volckens

The following topics were discussed in the closed sessions:

The committee discussed the study's charge, reviewed the statement of task, identified potential areas of concern, and developed questions for the sponsors.

The following materials (written documents) were made available to the committee in the closed sessions:

Briefing Books with background materials were made available to the committee members, as were speaker biosketches.

Date of posting of Closed Session Summary:

November 09, 2020

Contact

Autumn Downey

(202) 334-2046
adowney@nas.edu

Disclaimer

It is essential to the National Academies mission of providing evidence-based advice that participants in any of our meetings or events avoid political or partisan statements or commentary and maintain a culture of mutual respect. The statements and presentations during our meetings or events are solely those of the individual participants and do not necessarily represent the views of other participants or the National Academy of Sciences, which is a non-partisan, tax exempt organization that includes under its Charter the National Academy of Engineering and National Academy of Medicine, and that operates the National Research Council.

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Respiratory Protection for the Public and Workers without Respiratory Protection Programs at their Workplaces

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Respiratory Protection for the Public and Workers without Respiratory Protection Programs at their Workplaces

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Frameworks for Protecting Workers and the Public from Inhalation Hazards

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Modernizing Mathematics Education for Grades 9-14

Health Care Financing to Improve Availability of Affordable Contraception: Identifying Promising Practices

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Modernizing Mathematics Education for Grades 9-14

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Biomedical and Health Sciences Program Area

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