Review of WIC Food Packages: An Evaluation of White Potatoes in the Cash Value Voucher: Letter Report (2015)
Chapter: Appendix J: Food Group Distributions
TABLE J-1 Usual Intake Distributions of Selected Food Groups: Children Participating in WIC
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| Food Group | Intake Distribution (percentiles and mean) | Recommended Intake | ||||||||||||
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| 10th | 25th | Median | Mean | 75th | 90th | |||||||||
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| Vegetables (c-eq/d) | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.4 | |||||||
| Fruits (c-eq/d) | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 1.2 | |||||||
| Grains (oz-eq/d) | 2.0 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 4.1 | |||||||
| Dairy (c-eq/d) | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 2.4 | |||||||
| Protein foods (oz-eq/d) | 1.4 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 3.1 | |||||||
| Added sugars (tsp-eq/d) | 3.9 | 6.2 | 9.7 | 10.2 | 14.3 | 19.6 | NA | |||||||
| Oils (g-eq/d) | 4.7 | 7.0 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 14.6 | 19.3 | 16.5 | |||||||
| Solid fats (g-eq/d) | 17.2 | 21.9 | 27.9 | 28.5 | 35.1 | 42.6 | NA | |||||||
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NOTES: Analysis sample was data for children 1–4.9 years of age participating in the WIC program at the time of the survey (n = 643). Recommendations are weighted in a 1:3 ratio using 1,000 and 1,300 (averaged from 1,200 and 1,400) calorie food patterns, following methodology applied by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) (2011). See additional notes for Tables J-1 through J-5 following Table J-5.
TABLE J-2 Usual Intake Distributions of Selected Food Groups: Children Not Participating in WIC
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| Food Group | Intake Distribution (percentiles and mean) | Recommended Intake | ||||||||||||
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| 10th | 25th | Median | Mean | 75th | 90th | |||||||||
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| Vegetables (c-eq/d) | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.4 | |||||||
| Fruits (c-eq/d) | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.2 | |||||||
| Grains (oz-eq/d) | 2.8 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 6.6 | 4.1 | |||||||
| Dairy (c-eq/d) | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 2.4 | |||||||
| Protein foods (oz-eq/d) | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 3.1 | |||||||
| Added sugars (tsp-eq/d) | 5.8 | 8.4 | 12.1 | 12.5 | 16.6 | 21.7 | NA | |||||||
| Oils (g-eq/d) | 7.8 | 9.8 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 18.3 | 16.5 | |||||||
| Solid fats (g-eq/d) | 16.3 | 21.9 | 29.0 | 29.6 | 37.2 | 45.3 | NA | |||||||
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NOTES: Analysis sample was data for children 1–4.9 years of age not participating in the WIC program at the time of the survey (n = 462). Recommendations are weighted in a 1:3 ratio using 1,000 and 1,300 (averaged from 1,200 and 1,400) calorie food patterns, following methodology applied by the IOM (2011). See additional notes for Tables J-1 through J-5 following Table J-5.
TABLE J-3 Usual Intake Distributions of Selected Food Groups: Women Participating in WIC
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| Food Group | Intake Distribution (percentiles and mean) | Recommended Intake | ||||||||||||
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| 10th | 25th | Median | Mean | 75th | 90th | |||||||||
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| Vegetables (c-eq/d) | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.5 | |||||||
| Fruits (c-eq/d) | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.0 | |||||||
| Grains (oz-eq/d) | 3.8 | 4.9 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 8.1 | 9.9 | 6.0 | |||||||
| Dairy (c-eq/d) | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 3.0 | |||||||
| Protein foods (oz-eq/d) | 2.9 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 5.5 | |||||||
| Added sugars (tsp-eq/d) | 6.5 | 10.6 | 16.7 | 19.0 | 24.6 | 33.5 | NA | |||||||
| Oils (g-eq/d) | 9.2 | 12.4 | 16.6 | 17.5 | 21.5 | 26.5 | 27.0 | |||||||
| Solid fats (g-eq/d) | 20.7 | 27.6 | 36.2 | 35.3 | 45.9 | 55.3 | NA | |||||||
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NOTES: Analysis sample was data for women 19–50 years of age participating in the WIC program at the time of the survey (n = 96). See additional notes for Tables J-1 through J-5 following Table J-5.
TABLE J-4 Usual Intake Distributions of Selected Food Groups: Women Not Participating in WIC But WIC-Eligible
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| Food Group | Intake Distribution (percentiles and mean) | Recommended Intake | ||||||||||||
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| 10th | 25th | Median | Mean | 75th | 90th | |||||||||
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| Vegetables (c-eq/d) | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 2.5 | |||||||
| Fruits (c-eq/d) | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 2.0 | |||||||
| Grains (oz-eq/d) | 4.6 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 8.3 | 6.0 | |||||||
| Dairy (c-eq/d) | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 3.0 | |||||||
| Protein foods (oz-eq/d) | 2.8 | 4.0 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 9.2 | 5.5 | |||||||
| Added sugars (tsp-eq/d) | 9.6 | 14.1 | 20.1 | 20.3 | 27.0 | 34.1 | NA | |||||||
| Oils (g-eq/d) | 13.1 | 18.0 | 24.9 | 25.0 | 33.7 | 43.3 | 27.0 | |||||||
| Solid fats (g-eq/d) | 23.2 | 29.3 | 37.0 | 38.0 | 45.5 | 53.8 | NA | |||||||
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NOTES: Analysis sample was data for women 19–50 years of age identified in the survey as being pregnant, breastfeeding, or postpartum but not participating in WIC (n = 51). See additional notes for Tables J-1 through J-5 following Table J-5.
TABLE J-5 Usual Intake Distributions of Selected Food Groups: Women Not Participating in WIC and Ineligible to Participate
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| Food Group | Intake Distribution (percentiles and mean) | Recommended Intake | ||||||||||||
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| 10th | 25th | Median | Mean | 75th | 90th | |||||||||
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| Vegetables (c-eq/d) | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | |||||||
| Fruits (c-eq/d) | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2.0 | |||||||
| Grains (oz-eq/d) | 3.3 | 4.2 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 8.1 | 6.0 | |||||||
| Dairy (c-eq/d) | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 3.0 | |||||||
| Protein foods (oz-eq/d) | 2.8 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 7.0 | 5.5 | |||||||
| Added sugars (tsp-eq/d) | 7.5 | 11.8 | 18.3 | 19.7 | 26.8 | 36.6 | NA | |||||||
| Oils (g-eq/d) | 10.5 | 13.9 | 18.5 | 19.3 | 24.4 | 31.1 | 27.0 | |||||||
| Solid fats (g-eq/d) | 17.6 | 23.2 | 30.7 | 31.9 | 39.6 | 49.2 | NA | |||||||
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NOTES: Analysis sample was data for women 19–50 years of age identified in the survey as not being pregnant, breastfeeding, or postpartum and not participating in WIC (n = 1,379). See additional notes for Tables J-1 through J-5 following this table.
NOTES FOR TABLES J-1 THROUGH J-5: All population groups are ≤ 185 percent of the poverty-income ratio. c-eq/d = cup-equivalents/d; g-eq/d = gram-equivalents/d; NA = not applicable; oz-eq/d = ounce-equivalents/d; tsp-eq/d = teaspoon-equivalents/d.
Intakes for vegetables, fruits, and dairy are measured in cup-equivalents per day. Intakes for grains and protein foods are measured in ounce-equivalents per day. Intakes for oils and solid fats are measured in gram-equivalents per day. Intakes for added sugars are measured in teaspoon-equivalents per day. Recommended intakes are from Appendix 7 of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Specific recommended intake values are not provided for solid fats and added sugars. (USDA/HHS, 2010).
DATA SOURCES FOR TABLES J-1 THROUGH J-5: NHANES 2007–2010 (USDA/ARS, 2007–2010).
REFERENCES
IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2011. Child and adult care food program: Aligning dietary guidance for all. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
USDA/ARS (U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service). 2007–2010. What we eat in America, NHANES 2007-2010. Beltsville, MD: USDA/ARS. http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=18349 (accessed December 15, 2014).
USDA/HHS (U.S. Department of Agriculture/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). 2010. Dietary guidelines for Americans 2010. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
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