Chronic and episodic water shortages are becoming common in many regions of the United States, and population growth in water-scarce regions further compounds the challenges.. This report analyzes the risks, costs, and benefits on various uses of graywater and stormwater, examining the technical, economic, regulatory, and social issues associated with graywater and stormwater capture for a range of uses, including non-potable urban uses, irrigation, and groundwater recharge. It considers the quality and suitability of water for reuse, treatment and storage technologies, and human health and environmental risks of water reuse.