This decadal survey will generate consensus recommendations from the environmental monitoring and Earth science and applications community on an integrated and sustainable approach to the conduct of the U.S. government’s civilian space-based Earth-system science programs. These programs are carried out predominantly by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the United States Geological Survey (USGS), with supporting and complementary contributions from agencies including the National Science Foundation (NSF), Department of Agriculture (USDA), Department of Energy (DoE), and Department of Defense (DoD).