As the dominant ocean circulation feature in the Gulf of Mexico, the behavior of the Loop Current System (LCS) influences all types of ocean processes and has major implications for a variety of human and natural systems. However, despite the far-reaching impact of the LCS, knowledge about the underlying dynamics controlling its behavior is limited. A study identified existing knowledge gaps about the LCS and developed a list of recommended efforts to fill those gaps. This reports calls for an international, multi-institutional campaign of complementary research, observation, and analysis activities that would help improve understanding and prediction of the LCS.