Sleep is a complex biological process, with numerous evolutionarily-gained functions. Despite its indisputable biological importance, much remains unknown about sleep, including the bidirectional relationship between central nervous system (CNS) disorders and sleep disturbances. On November 2-3, 2022, the National Academies' Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders will convene experts and stakeholders from a broad range of disciplines and sectors to review current sleep science, examine the relationships between CNS disorders and sleep, identify potential cross-disciplinary collaborations, and discuss opportunities to better understand and mitigate sleep disturbances associated with CNS disorders.