Racism, discrimination, and social determinants of health have contributed to clear disparities in health and health outcomes, particularly in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Recognizing the need to better understand and address health disparities in CNS disorders, the National Academies' Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a workshop series in April 2023 that convened a broad range of experts and stakeholders to review current knowledge regarding health disparities in CNS disorders, explore the impact of psychosocial and environmental factors, consider models of inclusive research approaches, and identify potential cross-disciplinary collaborations needed to further elucidate these topics.