A key step towards reducing the burden of central nervous system (CNS) disorders is the identification of disease-specific biomarkers that can help predict, monitor, and guide treatment development. Multimodal biomarkers, in particular, offer the potential for improved diagnosis and more accurate disease assessments. However, there remain challenges in current data collection, standardization, and validation practices that impede the development of multimodal biomarkers. On March 13-14, 2023, the National Academies’ Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders will convene experts and stakeholders from a diverse range of sectors to explore thechallenges and potential pathways forward to advance the field.