In recent decades, production processes of final products have been increasingly fragmented across countries in what are called global value chains. While National Statistical Organizations collect a great deal of information on economic performance, trade, employment, and foreign direct investment, this information cannot always be used to quantify the international linkages and flows that characterize these cross-border transactions, especially those related to research and development (R&D) or software. NASEM held a workshop to address measurement needs and related gaps in the theory on globalization of R&D and published a proceedings volume summarizing the workshop discussions.