Consensus
Building on the innovative Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human and Crossing the Quality Chasm, Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health offers a strategy to address the quality challenges in rural communities.
Rural America is a vital, diverse component of the American community, representing nearly 20% of the population of the United States. Rural communities are heterogeneous and differ in population density, remoteness from urban areas, and the cultural norms of the regions of which they are a part. As a result, rural communities range in their demographics and environmental, economic, and social characteristics. These differences influence the magnitude and types of health problems these communities face.
Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health assesses the quality of health care in rural areas and provides a framework for core set of services and essential infrastructure to deliver those services to rural communities. The book recommends:
It is critical that existing and new resources be deployed strategically, recognizing the need to improve both the quality of individual-level care and the health of rural communities and populations.
288 pages
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6 x 9
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hardcover
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-58877-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/11140
Institute of Medicine. 2005. Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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This Report of the Treasurer of the National Academy of Sciences presents the financial position and results of operations as well as a review of the endowment and other long-term investments portfolio activities of our Academy for the year ended December 31, 2024.
76 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99532-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29218
National Academy of Sciences. 2025. Report of the Treasurer: For the Year Ended December 31, 2024. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Advancing precision medicine - sometimes referred to as personalized medicine - relies on active collaboration among domestic and international scientific organizations to accelerate the translation of research into clinical practice by bringing together complementary expertise, resources, and perspectives. To further knowledge exchange between Kuwait and the United States in this field, the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences launched a collaborative series of workshops designed to investigate interdisciplinary approaches between biological and material sciences, engineering disciplines, and data science to achieve meaningful solutions in precision medicine.
The first workshop in the series was held between February 2 and 3, 2025, in Kuwait. The sessions explored advancements in point-of-care technologies and the unprecedented impact of artificial intelligence on the evolving landscape of precision medicine in the United States and Kuwait. Workshop discussions also highlighted how precision health research is revolutionizing the understanding and treatment of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, which is prevalent in both countries. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides a high-level summary of key discussions held during the February 2025 workshop.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99450-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29197
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Promoting Knowledge Exchange and Collaboration Between Kuwait and the United States: Precision Medicine: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Air traffic controller staffing is essential for aviation safety in the United States. Therefore, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) should continue to increase air traffic controller hiring, improve training success rates, incentivize transfers from overstaffed to understaffed airports, and implement robust fatigue management systems and efficient shift-scheduling tools. FAA should also rebuild its controller staffing based on its traditional modeling approach—as refined by needed updates and with local input—rather than adopting newer facility staffing models the agency developed collaboratively with members of the National Air Traffic Controllers Association. FAA should also conduct recommended research to improve understanding about the relationship between facility staffing levels and safety and validate its facility models using risk indicators, some of which are confidential and therefore not available to the committee that prepared the report.
These are among the recommendations in TRB Special Report 357: The Air Traffic Controller Workforce Imperative: Staffing Models and Their Implementation to Ensure Safe and Efficient Airspace Operations, from the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The report, called for by Congress, notes that about 30 percent of the FAA facilities are staffed at more than 10 percent below their staffing targets and about 30 percent of facilities are staffed at 10 percent or more above their staffing targets. FAA experienced a series of externally imposed constraints on hiring since 2013, including two government shutdowns over budget and fiscal policy and the COVID-19 pandemic, that have notably affected several of the largest facilities that serve many of the country’s largest airports and have had an outsized effect on passenger delays.
284 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99224-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99225-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29112
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Air Traffic Controller Workforce Imperative: Staffing Models and Their Implementation to Ensure Safe and Efficient Airspace Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
People, communities, and nature are directly and indirectly affected by long-term shifts in the environment. Transformative action is necessary to respond to these shifts and infuse sustainable practices throughout affected sectors and communities. Higher education institutions are central in identifying sustainable and resilient paths forward that incorporate fundamental research, workforce development, education, and community engagement.
On February 5, 2025, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and convened a public workshop to build upon national dialogues and explore additional mechanisms to advance the role of the higher education sector in supporting sustainability and resilience. The Board on Higher Education and Workforce, in collaboration with the National Academies Climate Crossroads initiative, brought together higher education stakeholders to share visions of collaboration and success, possible frameworks for cooperation and implementation, and potential partners for sustainability and resilience initiatives - including surrounding communities, industry, and state and local government. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
13 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99444-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29177
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Higher Education's Path to Sustainability and Resilience: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
The development of minimally invasive approaches to screen for multiple tumor types at one time could potentially improve health outcomes; however, the clinical utility of multicancer detection (MCD) testing has yet to be established. The National Academies National Cancer Policy Forum held a workshop in October 2024 to explore the current scientific understanding and clinical use of MCD testing, as well as implications for cancer care and outcomes for all patients.
66 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99243-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99244-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29114
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Opportunities and Challenges for the Development and Adoption of Multicancer Detection Tests: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
On May 1-3, 2024, a committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to address the environmental damage resulting from Russia's 2022 full-scale invasion of and subsequent war against Ukraine. The damage includes the shelling of agricultural fields and oil deposits; the destruction of infrastructure, which has resulted in the pollution of land and water resources; and the environmental consequences of military actions. Presentations and discussion focused on describing the full scope of the damage, highlighting efforts to monitor it, and discussing ways to address or mitigate the effects.
15 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73564-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29077
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Addressing Environmental Damage in Ukraine: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls are widely used in transportation projects due to their cost-saving, time-efficient, and resilient nature. However, most of the walls constructed so far have been built too recently to allow assessment of whether or not they would meet the desired design life. Additionally, design guidelines, construction materials, and protocols have evolved greatly since the technology was first adopted.
NCHRP Synthesis 644: Asset Management Practices for Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents state departments of transportation asset management practices for MSE walls in their inventories. Relevant practices include those related to maintenance and rehabilitation of deteriorated walls, inventory and assessment, and development of risk and life-cycle costs.
96 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99228-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99229-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29115
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Asset Management Practices for Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Current policies on dual-use research of concern (DURC) and pathogens with enhanced pandemic potential (PEPP) typically focus on physical laboratory work. In light of the fast-evolving advances in artificial intelligence and computational modeling, these frameworks do not effectively inform risk and benefit evaluation and assessment related to the information and resources generated from computational studies.
To address these concerns, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation on April 3-4, 2025, to explore the benefits and biosecurity risks of communicating and publishing biological research using in silico modeling and computational approaches. The workshop brought together multi-sectoral experts to discuss current policies and safeguards related to DURC and PEPP, as well as lessons learned, and considered the challenges and opportunities for promoting the benefits of computational and AI-driven approaches in biology while mitigating potential biosecurity risks. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop, including suggestions from participants on tiered oversight approaches, early-stage risk evaluations and assessment, and incentivizing norms through training and publication standards.
65 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99433-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29174
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Disseminating In Silico and Computational Biological Research: Navigating Benefits and Risks: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Airport operators are seeing greater use of technology in their terminal concessions programs. This increased use reflects concessionaires using technology to improve efficiency, a growing customer preference for e-commerce, and airports leveraging their own technologies to better manage their commercial operations. Some airports have started to implement omnichannel ecommerce platforms to deliver an advanced retail experience for passengers.
ACRP Research Report 279: Framework and Tools for Incorporating Technologies into Airport In-Terminal Concessions Programs, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, presents a practical guide for evaluating, selecting, and implementing technology to enhance customer experience, operational efficiency, and revenue generation in airport terminal concessions programs.
Supplemental to the report are ACRP Web-Only Document 66: Incorporating Technologies into Airport In-Terminal Concessions Programs: A Primer, an Excel self-assessment tool, and a technical report on the research effort.
82 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99344-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99345-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29145
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Framework and Tools for Incorporating Technologies into Airport In-Terminal Concessions Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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ACRP Web-Only Document 66: Incorporating Technologies into Airport In-Terminal Concessions Programs: A Primer, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, is supplemental to ACRP Research Report 279: Framework and Tools for Incorporating Technologies into Airport In-Terminal Concessions Programs. The primer is a practical document that will be of interest to a wide array of industry practitioners desiring to use technology to enhance airport terminal concessions programs.
77 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99348-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29146
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Incorporating Technologies into Airport In-Terminal Concessions Programs: A Primer. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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State department of transportation (DOT) construction activities must comply with federal and state National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System construction general permit requirements. The regulations require state DOTs to implement policies, procedures, and practices to minimize offsite discharges of sediment-laden stormwater to protect downstream receiving water bodies during construction.
NCHRP Synthesis 648: Construction Stormwater Program Management, Tracking, Reporting, and Compliance, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents state DOT practices, tools, and approaches for managing compliance with state and federal construction stormwater permit requirements.
188 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73470-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73471-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29051
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Construction Stormwater Program Management, Tracking, Reporting, and Compliance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Research shows that sexual harassment can cause harm to not only the survivor of sexual harassment but also the person accused of the harassing behavior and the community in which the harassment has occurred. Given many institutions' primary focus on compliance processes and relative lack of attention to addressing the harm experienced by different individuals as a result of the harassment, there is a pressing need for work that elucidates the resources that currently exist and the resources that are still needed to address that harm.
Synthesizing research, case studies, and archival data from the Action Collaborative's repository of novel work on the topic, this paper explores the harms that can occur as a result of sexual harassment at institutions of higher education, and the resources that exist to remedy those harms. The paper reviews how, at a high level, these laws, policies, and regulations may influence what the remediation of sexual harm can entail, including a brief history of how institutions have approached their remediation efforts in the past, followed by a discussion of the current landscape of efforts to assist various individuals harmed directly or indirectly by sexual harassment over the course of the institutional response process.
76 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09929-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29095
Frasca, T., Alvarado, I., Bühlmann, P., and Hutchison, E. 2025. Identifying Gaps in Sexual Harassment Remediation Efforts in Higher Education: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Traffic volume data are used by state departments of transportation (DOTs), metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), and other local agencies in various analyses and functions related to transportation planning, design, traffic operations, safety, pavement design and maintenance, enforcement, environmental analysis, and construction, among others.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 436: Leveraging Existing Traffic Signal Assets to Obtain Quality Traffic Counts: A Guide, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, provides transportation agencies with information about extracting motorized and non-motorized traffic volume data from existing signal assets.
89 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99517-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29214
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Leveraging Existing Traffic Signal Assets to Obtain Quality Traffic Counts: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Nanotechnology, the science and technology of objects and phenomena at the 1-100 nm length scales, is an iconic example of how the United States has leveraged national science and technology policy to lead in the highly competitive global research market. Two decades after authorization of the National Nanotechnology Initiative, or NNI, the United States can claim multiple Nobel Prizes and diverse technologies that are the envy of the world.
This report assesses the current state of nanotechnology, detailing the impact on U.S. economic prosperity and national security, and then considers whether and in what form the NNI should continue. Quadrennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative makes recommendations to sustain and expand the nanotechnology infrastructure, including human capital, cutting-edge tools, and shared facilities, so that the nation's nanotechnology innovation and discovery can remain the best in the world.
120 pages
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7 x 10
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73511-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73512-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29063
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Quadrennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (2025): Securing U.S. Global Leadership Through Renewed and Expanded Infrastructure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Groundbreaking advances in solar and space physics have provided key insights into the dynamic physical processes on the Sun and its influence on Earth, the near-Earth space environment, other planets in our solar system, and beyond. As we look to the next decade, future discoveries in the field will expand our knowledge of the cosmos and better prepare us for the impact of space weather events on critical systems and humanity. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space, a National Academies' decadal survey, presents a prioritized strategy for basic and applied research to advance scientific understanding of the heliosphere and the origins of space weather, the Sun's interactions with other bodies in the solar system, and the interplanetary and interstellar mediums.
702 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72555-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72556-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27938
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Severe weather events can impact transit agency operations, equipment, and infrastructure. For example, Hurricane Katrina in 2005 destroyed the transit fleet of the New Orleans Regional Transit Authority, more than 300 buses. In another example, an EF-4 tornado in 2021 destroyed the fleet of the Fulton County Transit Authority in Kentucky.
TCRP Synthesis 180: Transit Recovery in the Aftermath of Severe Weather Events: Current State of Practice, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, documents the current state of practice around transit recovery plans and provides examples of short- and long-term recovery. The focus is on bus operations in U.S. passenger public transportation systems, recognizing also that transit agencies may offer multiple types of services in addition to bus services, such as rail and light rail, streetcars or trolleys, paratransit, and ferry service.
108 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99392-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99393-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29160
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Transit Recovery in the Aftermath of Severe Weather Events: Current State of Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are nonorganic additives used in concrete mixtures, either as a partial replacement of Portland cement in the mixture or as a preblended material with the cement. Commonly used SCMs include fly ash, slag cement, and silica fume. Due to the increasing unavailability of fly ash in many regions, state departments of transportation (DOTs) have been considering and using alternative SCMs.
NCHRP Synthesis 656: Use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Concrete, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents state DOT practices for specifying and using SCMs in concrete.
144 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99319-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99320-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29140
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Concrete. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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As people get older, they become more likely to have hearing difficulties in certain situations; for example, having conversations in public settings where there is naturally more noise. This can sometimes lead to isolation, depression, or even fatigue from the effort needed to communicate with others. Clinicians and researchers often do not use standardized outcome measures for hearing interventions that reflect patients' perceptions of real-life improvements.
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a committee of experts to identify a core set of outcomes and corresponding measures that researchers and clinicians should use each time they assess the effectiveness of hearing aids and other treatments in addressing hearing difficulties. The resulting report, Measuring Meaningful Outcomes for Adult Hearing Health Interventions, presents those outcomes and measures, as well as recommendations for promoting their use within the hearing health community.
266 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99237-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99238-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29104
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Measuring Meaningful Outcomes for Adult Hearing Health Interventions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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