U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) operates Federal Inspection Services (FIS) facilities at airports nationwide, processing some 1.1 million flights each year. From major hubs to smaller regional gateways, these facilities serve tourists, business travelers, and families connecting across borders.
ACRP Transportation Insights 7: Modernization of Federal Inspection Services Facilities at U.S. Airports, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, captures the discussions at an event that explored how CBP facilities at U.S. airports can evolve in the years and decades ahead.
64 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-60106-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-60107-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29288
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Modernization of Federal Inspection Services Facilities at U.S. Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
Breastfeeding supports lifelong health and development for both infants and mothers. It is associated with lower risks of chronic disease, improved maternal health outcomes, and potential health care cost savings. While most families in the United States begin breastfeeding, many are unable to continue as long as they intend due to systemic challenges such as limited parental leave, inconsistent access to lactation support, and inadequate workplace accommodations.
The report Breastfeeding in the United States: Strategies to Support Families and Achieve National Goals provides a roadmap for helping families meet their breastfeeding goals and improving population-level outcomes. It emphasizes the need for strong federal coordination, comprehensive health care and community-based support, and inclusive public policies. Using a life course perspective, the report identifies key intervention points that begin before birth and continue through the return to work or school.
To meet national breastfeeding objectives and improve health equity, the report recommends expanding effective community-based interventions, improving access to high-quality care, enacting supportive policies such as paid family leave, and investing in coordinated research. With sustained leadership and investment, families across the country can have the support they need to achieve their infant feeding goals and help the nation move closer to reaching the Healthy People 2030 targets.
280 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99192-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99190-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29118
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Breastfeeding in the United States: Strategies to Support Families and Achieve National Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Demand response transportation (DRT) providers have consistently looked for operational designs and mechanisms to improve service efficiencies and lower operational costs. DRT services, which include ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) complementary paratransit and general public DRT services, such as advance reservation dial-a-ride services and ondemand microtransit services, are inherently less efficient to operate due to circumstances of geography, population locations, program rules, and “points of interest” (relevant transit locations and destinations) for travel.
TCRP Synthesis 183: Operational and Service Factors When Integrating or Consolidating ADA Paratransit and On-Demand Services, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, provides information, analysis, and examples of the current state of the practice in integrating or consolidating ADA paratransit and other types of paratransit service with on-demand microtransit for the general public, including documented findings and results from the agencies, municipalities, and other local government entities providing these commingled trips.
166 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99475-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99476-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29206
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Operational and Service Factors When Integrating or Consolidating ADA Paratransit and On-Demand Services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
The United States is a global leader in biomedical research, generating therapeutic breakthroughs that advance the health of the nation and the world. The public and private sectors contribute to this advancement by funding biomedical research and development. The current level of investment in pharmaceutical development in the United States, while substantial, does not always yield desired health outcomes or meet the needs of patients. Public and private funders face a myriad of challenges that affect their funding decisions and hinder the ability of the drug development system to prioritize disease burden and unmet need - often leaving critical gaps in available treatment options.
To better understand these gaps, Gates Ventures and the Peterson Center on Healthcare asked the National Academies to examine current challenges and offer strategies and recommendations for improvement. The resulting report emphasizes that current research prioritization does not systematically account for disease burden and unmet needs, and describes how a robust, timely, accessible data system is needed. It also explores the ways in which implementing recommended policy changes could deliver better health outcomes.
246 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99382-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99383-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29157
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Aligning Investments in Therapeutic Development with Therapeutic Need: Closing the Gap. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop_in_brief
Structural and systemic barriers continue to limit access to high-quality mental health and substance use disorder (MHSUD) care, particularly in underserved communities. Understanding how health and human services influence care delivery is essential to improving outcomes.
In July 2025, the National Academies Forum on Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders hosted a public workshop to explore how infrastructure, policies, and structural determinants of health such as housing and food security impact the accessibility, quality, and coordination of MHSUD services. Participants discussed various ways to operationalize promising practices, as well as strategies for uplifting community voices and strengthening accountability across the health and social sectors. This Proceedings of a Workshop-In Brief summarizes the presentations and discussions from the two-day event.
16 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-59919-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29242
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Enhancing Care and Services for Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
Elementary particle physics reflects the human quest to understand the basic building blocks of nature and the rules that govern the physical world. This quest has led not only to critical scientific advancements and technology breakthroughs, but also to the development of essential technologies enabling new medical treatments, productive techniques in manufacturing, and enhanced capabilities in quantum computing, as well as ancillary benefits such as the precursor to the World Wide Web, which was created to manage the enormous data flows at CERN.
At the request of the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation, this report explores long-term goals and future ambitions for particle physics. Elementary Particle Physics: The Higgs and Beyond presents a bold 40-year vision for the field and highlights critical actions necessary to make this vision reality. The recommendations of this report will guide support and investments to maintain U.S. leadership in particle physics and move the field forward.
98 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73277-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73278-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28839
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Elementary Particle Physics: The Higgs and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
For transit operators with zero-emission transit buses (ZEB) in their fleets, the primary concern is whether the vehicles can meet the agency’s service requirements for both regularly scheduled service and for unscheduled service to address local or regional events and emergencies. This concern applies both at the individual route and fleet levels.
TCRP Research Report 256: Resilient Zero-Emission Transit Bus Fleets: A Guide, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, provides a framework for transit agencies to update their resilience plans to operate ZEB fleets. It also offers a roadmap for transit agencies to integrate their existing zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) transition strategies into broader resilience planning efforts.
106 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99471-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99472-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29205
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Resilient Zero-Emission Transit Bus Fleets: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
As scientific problems grow more complex and interdisciplinary, the need for effective, collaborative, and context-sensitive research teams has never been greater. The Science and Practice of Team Science presents an updated, evidence-based roadmap for supporting science teams across a wide variety of domains, disciplines, and organizational structures.
This new report from the National Academies builds on a decade of learning since the landmark Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science report. It examines how evolving forces - including digital innovation, global disruptions, and the rise of virtual collaboration - are reshaping the way scientific teams form, function, and deliver results. From small interdisciplinary groups to large-scale, distributed multiteam systems, today's science teams require flexible strategies tailored to their goals, environments, and challenges.
The Science and Practice of Team Science outlines adaptable practices that enhance team dynamics and productivity across all phases of research - from development to implementation to translation. These include the use of team charters, psychological safety, communication strategies, and project management. This report also emphasizes the role of technology in enabling collaboration while cautioning that tools must be intentionally deployed to support accessibility, training, and integration with workflows.
268 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73441-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73442-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29043
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Science and Practice of Team Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Recent years have seen an increased focus on the performance of roadside hardware. As the use of high-tension cable barrier (HTCB) systems increased across the United States, the transportation industry determined that there was a research need to summarize the state of practice for HTCB systems.
NCHRP Research Report 1156: Material Requirements for High-Tension Cable Barriers: A Guide, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents a guide on material requirements for highway guardrail systems and their components to provide consistency with current roadside safety hardware requirements.
The report follows up on NCHRP Research Report 1020: Investigation of Material Requirements for Highway Guardrail Systems.
150 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99428-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99429-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29173
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Material Requirements for High-Tension Cable Barriers: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop_in_brief
Strategic and critical materials are vital to national defense and economic prosperity, enabling the United States to develop and sustain emerging technologies and improve its warfighting capability. Mid-scale manufacturing and characterization capacity in combination with modeling and simulation is expected to play a key role in this effort.
On March 4-5, 2025, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Defense Materials, Manufacturing, and Its Infrastructure Standing Committee hosted the second part of a two-part workshop sponsored by the Department of Defense. Through presentations and discussion, participants the availability, access, and economic sustainability of both mid-scale manufacturing facilities and experimental facilities that provide extreme environment characterization, with particular attention toward defense-specific applications. The workshop events also explored state-of-the-art approaches used to evaluate data, models, and simulations for scale up.
19 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99362-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29151
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Mid-Scale Manufacturing and Characterization Capacity for Department of Defense Critical Materials Supply Challenges, Part 2: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
The Federal Communications Commission’s current licensing freeze, while it considers new rules for the 4.9 GHz spectrum band, leaves a limited number of options for new use of the band. While it is not presently known when the freeze will be lifted, and if any new rules will be put into effect, there are nevertheless currently several potential opportunities for state department of transportation operations in the band.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 422: Planning for 4.9 GHz Spectrum Changes, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, provides background and guidance for transportation agencies that wish to implement systems in the band.
16 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-59969-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29256
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Planning for 4.9 GHz Spectrum Changes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop_in_brief
Family members and other caregivers are increasingly providing complex, long-term care for loved ones living with serious illnesses or disabilities. While caregiving can be deeply meaningful, it also can bring significant physical, emotional, and financial burdens. The National Academies convened a public workshop in June 2025 to examine strategies to reduce caregiver burden; practices to serve the unique needs of populations such as young and working caregivers; and opportunities to scale successful programs and advance supportive policies across health, social, and workplace settings. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides a summary of the workshop presentations and discussions, including perspectives from family caregivers, health care providers, researchers, and policy leaders.
21 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-59964-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29237
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Strategies and Interventions to Strengthen Support for Family Caregivers for Individuals with Serious Illness or Disability: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
The public colleges and universities established in 1862, 1890, and 1994 as part of the land-grant system have historically played an important role in bringing the assets of institutions of higher education to bear on the public good. This report describes how the land-grant institutions can increase their collective impact for the public good by growing their institution-wide capacity to partner with each other, with communities, and with organizations across different sectors of society.
The report concludes that developing successful collaborative platforms require authentic engagement and long-term relationship building between universities and their partners. It found that a network of organizations, faculty members, and university professionals invested in supporting engagement and collaboration is emerging on campuses, states, and nationally. Among other roles, they act as catalysts for and facilitators of collaboration, help colleges and universities learn from collaborations, and seek to develop appropriate metrics of outcomes and impact with the input of invested partners. To encourage and sustain the involvement of more academic units from across the land-grant institution in collaborative activity, university leadership can establish infrastructure, incentives, rewards, and other supports. The intention is to move the institutional culture to embrace external engagement as a means of aligning their academic programs with public values. By strengthening collaboration and embedding public purpose into research, teaching, and extension, land-grant institutions can generate more meaningful outcomes for society.
100 pages
·
7 x 10
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09914-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29092
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Fulfilling the Public Mission of the Land-Grant System: Building Platforms for Collaboration and Impact. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop
Understanding of the relationship between chronic pain and disability - particularly different lived experiences of chronic pain - is critical to developing effective management strategies and improving quality of life for those affected. The Social Security Administration, which administers programs to monetarily compensate and supplement the incomes of people with disabilities, funded a National Academies workshop in April 2025 to explore the functional effects and disability determination implications of chronic pain. This Proceedings of a Workshop highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop.
122 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99513-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99514-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29181
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Exploring the Treatment and Management of Chronic Pain and Implications for Disability Determinations: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
State departments of transportation (DOTs) have begun changing the medium of construction contract documents from paper or 2D plans to 3D models that are contractually binding. The driver of this major change is the ability for contractors and inspectors to use 3D models directly to support project activities and communicate the design intent. However, changing the medium of construction contract documents has created challenges for state DOTs, including a need for robust review and documentation procedures as well as a lack of automated quality control and quality assurance management processes for 3D models.
NCHRP Research Report 1153: Digital Model–Based Project Development and Delivery: A Guide for Quality Management, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents state-of-the-art information to assist state DOTs in their review of 3D models that are contractually binding and to advance the use of digital project development and delivery.
Supplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 428: Quality Management for Digital Model–Based Project Development and Delivery, Appendix F Addendum: Review Checklist Spreadsheet, an implementation plan, and a webinar presentation.
106 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99422-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99423-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29171
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Digital Model–Based Project Development and Delivery: A Guide for Quality Management. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
NCHRP Web-Only Document 428: Quality Management for Digital Model–Based Project Development and Delivery, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, addresses two key challenges for state departments of transportation and other highway agencies: the use of 3D models as a new way to review construction designs and the review of the 3D models themselves.
The document is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1153: Digital Model–Based Project Development and Delivery: A Guide for Quality Management.
150 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99426-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29172
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Quality Management for Digital Model–Based Project Development and Delivery. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop
Recent years have brought a renewed focus on the potential for nuclear energy to help meet the United States' growing demands for abundant, reliable, low-carbon energy. Trends such as the increased electrification of transportation and industrial processes, along with the rapid expansion of data centers over the past decade, have accelerated and amplified these demands. Advances in nuclear energy technologies, along with the recent completion of Plant Vogtle - the largest nuclear power plant in the United States comprised of four reactor units - are opening new opportunities to build next-generation nuclear reactors and sparking interest and dialogue among utilities, investors, policymakers, and communities. However, significant barriers to nuclear power deployment include technical challenges, regulatory hurdles, and investment risks that complicate decision-making timelines.
To explore pathways for new nuclear power development in the United States, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted the workshop Pathways for New Nuclear Development on January 29-30, 2025 in Washington, DC. Building on recommendations from the National Academies' report Laying the Foundation for New and Advanced Nuclear Reactors in the United States, the event facilitated in-depth discussions among policymakers, regulators, community leaders, and technical experts from industry, national laboratories, and academia. Participants examined the challenges of deploying more nuclear power and discussed potential opportunities to overcome some of those challenges, including strategies to facilitate decision making, public engagement, workforce development, financing, regulatory improvement, and construction. Attendees shared their experiences and perspectives regarding the real and perceived risks of new nuclear projects and projected timelines, the opportunities of co-locating nuclear plants with other facilities or in non-traditional locations, and the role different reactor designs could play in meeting growing electricity demand. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
100 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99329-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99330-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29142
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Pathways for New Nuclear Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Airports, while physically located within individual states, operate as instruments of commerce subject to federal jurisdiction as part of the national transportation system. This duality, requiring airports to navigate multiple layers of laws and regulations, is particularly significant in the context of cannabis, where some states have legalized the substance for certain uses while federal law continues to prohibit it.
ACRP Legal Research Digest 49: Legal Impacts to Airports from State Legalization of Cannabis, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, provides insight into the legal impacts to airports from these and ongoing efforts by certain states to legalize cannabis by identifying key issues and corresponding legal guidance, where available.
44 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99298-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99299-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29135
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Legal Impacts to Airports from State Legalization of Cannabis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Commuter rail services operate in more than 20 North American regions, connecting communities to urban downtowns. These services enjoyed decades of growth, with ridership increasing by 50 percent between 1990 and 2019. However, travel demand shifts brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic and continued work-from-home patterns caused ridership to collapse and only partially recover. This sudden change also upended the traditional financial model, in which fare revenues covered more than half of operating costs. While commuter rail providers vary in size and structure, they all share an uncertain future in solidifying a long-term and financially sustainable role in serving regional transportation demands.
TCRP Research Report 254: The Future of Commuter Rail in North America, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, examines the history of commuter rail in North America, evaluates current trends, presents constraints, reviews case studies, and explores strategies— including alternative approaches to service schedules, simplified fare structures, and infrastructure options—to address changing goals and circumstances at the agency, regional, and national levels in the United States and Canada.
82 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99266-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99267-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29128
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Future of Commuter Rail in North America. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to: