Consensus
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), which serves as the primary source of dietary guidance from the federal government, provides recommendations for dietary intake and healthful dietary patterns - including alcohol intake. DGA recommendations are informed by systematic reviews. The last review on alcohol and health conducted for the DGA focused on all-cause mortality in 2020; however, questions related to weight changes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurocognitive health, and lactation have not been examined since 2010.
To inform the next edition of the DGA, Congress tasked the National Academies with convening an expert committee to independently review the evidence on the relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and eight health outcomes including obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The resulting report, Review of Evidence on Alcohol and Health, presents the committee's findings and conclusions and does not offer dietary recommendations or advice.
252 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73115-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73116-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28582
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Review of Evidence on Alcohol and Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the life sciences have the potential to enable advances in biological discovery and design at a faster pace and efficiency than is possible with classical experimental approaches alone. At the same time, AI-enabled biological tools developed for beneficial applications could potentially be misused for harmful purposes. Although the creation of biological weapons is not a new concept or risk, the potential for AI-enabled biological tools to affect this risk has raised concerns during the past decade.
This report, as requested by the Department of Defense, assesses how AI-enabled biological tools could uniquely impact biosecurity risk, and how advancements in such tools could also be used to mitigate these risks. The Age of AI in the Life Sciences reviews the capabilities of AI-enabled biological tools and can be used in conjunction with the 2018 National Academies report, Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology, which sets out a framework for identifying the different risk factors associated with synthetic biology capabilities.
172 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73335-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73336-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28868
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Age of AI in the Life Sciences: Benefits and Biosecurity Considerations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Nam_special_pub
Climate change is a defining health challenge of the 21st century. Its impacts, from heat-related illness and extreme weather to food insecurity and mental health distress, are already affecting populations across the United States and globally. However, gaps in research, data, infrastructure, and public engagement hinder the nation's ability to respond effectively and equitably.
A Research Agenda to Protect Human Health and Build Resilience in the Face of a Changing Climate outlines a bold vision to advance climate-health research. This agenda identifies key research domains including health impacts, adaptation and mitigation strategies, infrastructure and capacity building, and policy and public engagement. The publication provides actionable guidance to accelerate transdisciplinary science, inform evidence-based policy, and support community resilience, especially for those most vulnerable to climate threats.
90 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73216-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73217-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28669
National Academy of Medicine. 2025. A Research Agenda to Protect Human Health and Build Resilience in the Face of a Changing Climate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop_in_brief
As an integral part of their surrounding communities, Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are often well positioned to conduct community-engaged health and resilience research. The Gulf Research Program of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on October 29, 2024 to discuss opportunities for MSIs and HBCUs to increase participation, competitiveness, and leadership in community-engaged health and environmental research. This Proceedings of a Workshop in-Brief provides a high-level summary of the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
15 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-10376-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29113
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Building Health and Resilience Research Capacity in the U.S. Gulf Coast: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, infectious prion disease affecting the central nervous system of some species of Cervidae-animals such as deer, elk, and moose. Recognized as a disease in the 1980s but suspected to have been present in the United States for decades longer, CWD affects both captive and free-ranging cervids and has been reported in 35 states and five Canadian provinces of North America as of August 1, 2024. The potential ramifications of the increasing spread of CWD are serious, and include negative impacts on ecosystems, and large economic costs for agencies with management responsibilities related to cervids and for industries that depend on cervids or cervid products. Cultural and food security impacts for communities with traditions tied to cervid hunting are also impacted.
In 2020, Congress passed America's Conservation Enhancement (ACE) Act (P.L. 116-188), directing the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to lead a task force for addressing CWD in the United States drawing on a study commissioned from the National Academies. This report will assist the task force in prioritizing research and developing future CWD management strategies. It describes the state of knowledge regarding how CWD is transmitted among cervids, the current distribution of disease outbreaks, and the effectiveness of current diagnostic, prevention, and control methods available to limit the spread of the disease.
202 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71478-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73382-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27449
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of Knowledge Regarding Transmission, Spread, and Management of Chronic Wasting Disease in U.S. Captive and Free-Ranging Cervid Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop
Decarbonization brings both risks and opportunities to the macroeconomy. Achieving net-zero emissions by mid-century may involve sweeping changes in technologies, policies, and systems, and the ways in which these changes are implemented may have profound impacts on communities, industries, economies, and nations. To elucidate multiple aspects of the ways in which decarbonization and the macroeconomy interact, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, under the auspices of the Roundtable on Macroeconomics and Climate-related Risks and Opportunities, convened a workshop on September 12-13, 2024. In panel discussions, an interactive breakout session, and a poster session, participants explored emerging insights on the macroeconomic and socioeconomic implications of decarbonization strategies and lessons learned from engagement with communities, industries, and governments around decarbonization pathways. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
92 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73466-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73467-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29050
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Macroeconomic Implications for Decarbonization Policies and Actions: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
Our current information ecosystem makes it easier for misinformation about science to spread and harder for people to figure out what is scientifically accurate. Proactive solutions are needed to address misinformation about science, an issue of public concern given its potential to cause harm at individual, community, and societal levels. Improving access to high-quality scientific information can fill information voids that exist for topics of interest to people, reducing the likelihood of exposure to and uptake of misinformation about science. Misinformation is commonly perceived as a matter of bad actors maliciously misleading the public, but misinformation about science arises both intentionally and inadvertently and from a wide range of sources.
Understanding and Addressing Misinformation About Science characterizes the nature, scope, and impacts of this phenomenon, and provides guidance on interventions, policies, and future research. This report is a comprehensive assessment of the available evidence and reflects a systems view of the problem given the broader historical and contemporary contexts that shape the lived experiences of people and their relationships to information. The report aims to illuminate the impacts of misinformation about science and potential solutions across a diversity of individual peoples, communities, and societies.
356 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72395-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72396-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27894
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Understanding and Addressing Misinformation About Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Airport parking is an important customer amenity and a principal source of revenue that helps fund the operation and development of airports. In recent years, growing volumes of passenger traffic and increasing competition from a variety of airport access providers have encouraged airports to seek new ways to attract airport parkers and enhance revenues, which may include implementing an online booking system.
ACRP Synthesis 140: Airport Parking Reservation Systems and Techniques, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, documents the use of online booking systems at U.S. airports, including their benefits, costs, and implementation challenges.
60 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73407-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73408-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29030
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Airport Parking Reservation Systems and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Each year, the Gulf Research Program (GRP) produces an annual report to summarize how funds were used. These reports review accomplishments, highlight activities, and, over time, will assess metrics to determine how the program is progressing in accomplishing its goals. The 2023 annual report is the tenth report in this series.
The National Academies' Gulf Research Program is an independent, science-based program founded in 2013 as part of legal settlements with the companies involved in the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster. The GRP's mission is to develop, translate, and apply science to enhance the safety of offshore energy, the environment, and the wellbeing of the people of the Gulf region for generations to come. It supports innovative science, guides data design and monitoring, and builds and sustains networks to generate long-term benefits for the Gulf region and the nation.
28 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-10427-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29116
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Gulf Research Program Annual Report 2023. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop_in_brief
Oral health is essential to overall health and well-being, but an epidemic of oral diseases - with regional dental professional shortages and a lack of dental insurance - is leaving many without sufficient dental care. In November 2024, the National Academies hosted a hybrid public workshop to discuss practices and models for improving oral health across the lifespan. Discussions covered main factors affecting oral health, including health policy, payment models and insurance coverage, community engagement, and workforce issues.
13 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09932-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29096
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Advancing Oral Health Across the Lifespan: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Work zones may present imminent safety hazards for roadway workers as well as passing motorists due to several factors, including driver distraction, changes in traffic patterns, narrowed rights of way, and general congestion. In addition to safety concerns, work zones, although necessary for roadway construction and maintenance activities, present mobility issues and frustrations for traveling motorists, accounting for 10 percent of overall congestion and 24 percent of unexpected freeway delays.
NCHRP Research Report 1142: Innovative Approaches to Enhancing Safety and Efficiency in Work Zones: A Guide, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, provides an overview of use cases in Smart Work Zone (SWZ) technology, emerging technologies in each of the use cases, pros and cons of SWZ technologies, best practices for emerging technologies in SWZs, and additional resources to support efforts in improving work zone safety and mobility. Supplemental to the report are a technical memorandum on implementation of the research findings and products; a PowerPoint presentation on the study; and NCHRP Web-Only Document 418: Modern Solutions to Safe and Efficient Work Zone Travel.
48 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73324-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73325-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28850
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Innovative Approaches to Enhancing Safety and Efficiency in Work Zones: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
Rural areas can provide a rich context for learning science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), but these communities and the students in them are often overlooked in ongoing efforts to expand access to high-quality K-12 STEM education and workforce development. Addressing barriers, often related to funding, and promoting unrecognized assets for STEM learning can enhance the ability of individuals in rural areas to further engage in and contribute to their communities or to broader scientific exploration and discovery.
K-12 STEM Education and Workforce Development in Rural Areas makes recommendations to federal, state, and local educational agencies, programs, and other relevant stakeholders to advance STEM education and workforce development for rural America. This report comes in response to a mandate within the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022.
280 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73004-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73005-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28269
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. K-12 STEM Education and Workforce Development in Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Eight-hundred fifty-seven fatalities occurred in work zones in the United States in 2020. One work zone fatality occurs for every 4 billion vehicle miles of travel and for every $112 million of roadway construction expenditures.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 418: Modern Solutions to Safe and Efficient Work Zone Travel, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1142: Innovative Approaches to Enhancing Safety and Efficiency in Work Zones: A Guide and seeks to identify best practices in leveraging technology to help the traveling public navigate roadway maintenance or construction work zones.
127 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09933-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29097
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Modern Solutions to Safe and Efficient Work Zone Travel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
The Transportation Emergency Response Application (TERA) is a scenario-based training system that provides training and exercise scenarios and materials for command-level and operational roles in public transportation agencies, state departments of transportation, and airport emergency operations centers for natural and human-made disaster incidents.
TCRP Research Report 253: Transportation Emergency Response Application (TERA): Migration Options Beyond 2025, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, identifies migration and repurpose options for the content of TERA to one or more platforms and describes materials that have the most value as resources for tabletop exercises.
48 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73555-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73556-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29074
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Transportation Emergency Response Application (TERA): Migration Options Beyond 2025. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop_in_brief
Historical exclusion of women from basic, translational, and clinical research has led to an inadequate understanding of sex-based biological differences on health and disease burden and lack of therapies for women's health. In October 2024, the National Academies Forum on Regenerative Medicine and Forum on Temporomandibular Disorders hosted a public workshop to consider gaps within regenerative medicine research related to conditions that are female-specific and/or are more common in or differently impact women; explore emerging and potential regenerative medicine therapies and technologies for these conditions; and examine women's representation within the regenerative medicine workforce.
14 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09899-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29088
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Intersection of Regenerative Medicine and Women's Health: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
Veterans are more likely than non-veterans to experience pain, trauma, and mental health challenges due to training and combat-related service. Treatment often results in the prescription of opioid and benzodiazepine medications.
In 2024, the National Academies were tasked with convening a committee of experts to evaluate the effects of these medications on all-cause mortality of veterans, including suicide, regardless of whether information relating to such deaths was reported to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The resulting report examines newly dispensed opioid pharmacotherapy in veterans without and with current benzodiazepine pharmacotherapy; varying levels of the initial baseline dosage and dosage escalation of dispensed opioid pharmacotherapy; and newly dispensed benzodiazepine compared to alternative non-benzodiazepine pharmacotherapy in veterans with consistent opioid pharmacotherapy.
334 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73133-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73128-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28584
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Veterans, Prescription Opioids and Benzodiazepines, and Mortality, 2007–2019: Three Target Trial Emulations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) promise to improve productivity significantly, but there are many questions about how AI could affect jobs and workers.
Recent technical innovations have driven the rapid development of generative AI systems, which produce text, images, or other content based on user requests - advances which have the potential to complement or replace human labor in specific tasks, and to reshape demand for certain types of expertise in the labor market.
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work evaluates recent advances in AI technology and their implications for economic productivity, the workforce, and education in the United States. The report notes that AI is a tool with the potential to enhance human labor and create new forms of valuable work - but this is not an inevitable outcome. Tracking progress in AI and its impacts on the workforce will be critical to helping inform and equip workers and policymakers to flexibly respond to AI developments.
200 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71714-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71715-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27644
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee on Law and Justice hosted a two-day workshop on September 24-25, 2024 to explore models of prosecutorial programs and practices, implications for public policy, and priorities for future research. The workshop showcased practices, programs, and policies that offer promising alternatives to incarceration and promoted continuous quality improvement and accountability within prosecutors' offices.This proceedings summarizes the workshop themes, including pressing challenges and opportunities, and areas for further consideration and guidance.
122 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73435-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73436-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29037
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Examining Prosecution: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to: